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Originally posted by squiz
No, the ribosome is not a codemaker. Sorry. It does not make code. I don't think you are qualified to be even making an argument. Sorry to be blunt.
Originally posted by dragonridr
Originally posted by squiz
No, the ribosome is not a codemaker. Sorry. It does not make code. I don't think you are qualified to be even making an argument. Sorry to be blunt.
What are you serious my god you have no idea what your talking about do you? Your so far out of your depth you better get back in the shallow end. Well at least you confirmed something you have no clue what your talking about. Why dont you go find the person whos website you got this stuff bring him here and ill debate him. Because aparently you have no clue what that diagram tells us.
Just so you know since your knowledge of cells is showing ill explain something for you.The ribosome is a large and complex molecular machine that is found within all living cells.Its purpose is to serve as the primary site of biological protein synthesis. Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA molecules. So just by denying the fact that the Ribosomes cant create a message that tears apart your whole theory of semiosis before i even got started My god.
Came back in just to add this i wasnt even arguing about cells having a symbiotic process they do i just needed to get information across to you to show you it can happen naturally wow!edit on 6/3/13 by dragonridr because: (no reason given)
Within cells are small, dense structures known as ribosomes that catalyse the assembly of protein chains. The ribosome accomplishes the reading of the messenger RNAs and the binding of amino acids to the transfer RNAs to build up the protein structures. This process is called translation, a word that seems appropriate since it translates the four-character alphabet of the bases used in the genetic code to proteins built in the twenty-character alphabet of amino acids.
If genomic DNA is the cell's planning authority, then the ribosome is its factory, churning out the proteins of life
Originally posted by dragonridr
Im not were trying to establish symbiosis in a cell. And as of yet unable to do so. We need a medium to transfer our message so we have DNA is the code Proteins are our message. So if ribosomes dont create the message what does do proteins magically chain themselves together come on guys.edit on 6/3/13 by dragonridr because: (no reason given)
Here ill add this to help everyone explain what RNA does.
micro.magnet.fsu.edu...edit on 6/3/13 by dragonridr because: (no reason given)
As usual, this is an exercise in dishonesty on the part of the Disco folks. They're basically hiding their argument behind the word digital. When a typical person hears about a digital computation, something specific comes to mind: silicon based digital computers. The Disco gang are counting on that - that the comparison will make people think that
the processes inside the cell really correspond very closely to the processes of an electronic digital computer.
They don't. Sure, there's some conceptual similarity. But as we've discussed on this this blog many times, it doesn't take much to produce a system which can perform
computations - and once you've got a system which can in any way be viewed as performing computations, it's very hard to limit it to anything less than turing completeness - in other words, to make it any less powerful, in theory, than an electronic computer.
Let's focus on the real problem. They claim that DNA is "digital information". What
does that mean?
Three possible definitions of digital information:
Information consisting of a collection of numbers.
Information encoded in any discrete form which can be represented by
a sequence of symbols.
Information which can be stored in the memory of a digital computer.
In a mathematical sense, it's not a well-defined term. There are several different definitions of it, and those definitions have very different meanings. Just
given the term "digital information", you can't necessarily decide whether
or not a given entity can be described using digital information. You need to
pick a specific meaning. That's exactly what the disco gang is relying on: they're using one definition of digital information to claim that DNA is "digital" (definition 1), while using a different definition (definition 3) to argue that the fact that it's
digital implies that it's like a computer.
DNA is, arguably, digital. After all, you can describe a piece of DNA as a sequence - an ordered string of letters. So sure, in that sense, it's digital.
Of course, in that sense, lots of things are digital. All chemicals are, in
that sense, digital information - because you can describe a chemical by a
notation consisting of a series of characters. In fact, you can treat a chemical as a
representation of symbolic information: a crystal of salt can be interpreted as a
representation of "NaCl"; a solution of sulfuric acid can be interpreted as a
representation of the string "H2SO4."
Just pointing out that something is "digital" in that sense doesn't really tell us
anything.
But that's the basic argument that Disco is using: that because we can interpret
DNA as something that is, in some sense, "digital", that therefore cells are just like digital computers that process DNA, and that therefore they must be designed. It's the same old argument from incredulity: "I can't imagine how this could have happened without an intelligent agent doing it, therefore it couldn't have happened without an intelligent agent." The only thing that's new here is that they hide that argument behind the word "digital". DNA is digital information, and since that means that the cell is like a giant supercomputer, it must be designed like our supercomputers.
On p. 143, Meyer tells us that "The idea of design helped liberate Western science from such fact-free reasoning." "Such" reasoning belonged to the Greeks that argued from first principles, and purely from logic, to the actual state of the world. Signature in the Cell almost immediately falls back into that error when Meyer argues purely from logic, analogy, and common sense instead of experiment and calculation. This abandonment of experiment is what most clearly justifies calling the book non-scientific, and even anti-scientific.
Meyer also indulges in a 'big number' argument about the size of proteins (and RNA polymers). Starting from an assertion that we need 150 amino acids for functionality, and old and often refuted argument follows that the universe doesn't have the resources to find even one such protein. Sadly no. Meyer ignores all evidence that vastly smaller fragments of protein have useful function. Function in proteins is often associated not with a specific arrangement of amino acids, but with the polar/non-polar nature of the amino acid. (If you want to think in terms of symbols, this is cutting down the number of symbols from 22 to 2.) While the universe can't explore 22^150 sequences, it certainly can explore 2^15 sequences, then use two of the best 15-length sequences together in a 30-length sequence. Etc, Etc. But Stephen Meyer is not going to tell you that.
As Dr Miller complained in 2000, Stephen Meyer lies by omission by "not having the space" to mention 20 years worth of research in the RNA World hypothesis. Now it is 28 years, and the page count of Signature in the Cell spent on long forgotten theories crowds out discussion of current theories and work that directly undercuts the main ideas of the book. There is no mention of the work of Michael Yarus' lab, no mention of the stereochemical hypothesis in the origin of the genetic code.
The argument fails on multiple levels, IMO. Meyer, as usual, appeals to "information", but his usage of the term is ill-defined and inconsistent. He reifies and mysticizes the concept of information throughout the book, assuming a metaphysic that he apparently doesn't think to question. Information, mind, design, intelligence, agency, etc. are immaterial (whatever that means) and not reducible to chance and necessity (again, whatever that means), according to Meyer's worldview. He should have made these fundamental assumptions explicit, defined them scientifically, and defended them scientifically before basing his argument on them.
It doesn't seem to occur to Meyer that the scientific community doesn't recognize certain "facts" that he takes for granted. For instance, he claims repeatedly, "Our uniform experience shows that minds have the 'capacity to produce specified information. Conversely, experience has shown that material processes do not have this capacity." For these claims to make sense, we have to assume that "specified information" has a clear operational definition, and that the concepts of "mind" and "material" are well-defined. Granting these assumptions (which I don't), he offers no data to back up his claim. His glib appeal to "uniform experience" is anything but scientific.
Although Meyer includes mathematical concepts and scientific facts in his book, his argument is rhetorical. I understand that he's targeting a lay audience, but he should come up with a more rigorous argument first, and *then* simplify it for the masses. If Meyer and other ID proponents want to circumvent this established process, they shouldn't be surprised that the scientific community dismisses them.
Mr. Myers grossly (if not intentionally) misunderstands structural molecular biology. He attempts to convince himself and others that there is no relationship between the information content and the structural properties of an evolving gene and its subsequent products. I have worked in protein folding evolution by examining the potential paths particular amino acid changes may have contributed to a pool of proteins that are related either sequentially or globally. There are indeed structures of DNA and proteins that are more or less viable (stable) depending on the information encoded. He attempts to compare cellular processes to computers, and though not entirely incorrect at face value, avoids making other computer science analogies that would weaken his argument (e.g. fuzzy logic, parallel operations, etc.)
From about page 223 to 226, we have a cut n' paste with only trivial alterations from an 1998 article Meyer wrote, "DNA by Design," published in the prestigious biological journal "Journal of Rhetoric & Public Affairs." (Yes, that was sarcasm). Text from "DNA by Design" appears quite often in "Signature." The most irritating feature is that in ten years between that early text and "Signature," Meyer had not even bothered to update critical references, let along his outdated thinking. Most obvious was that in both publications, a footnote (#21 in "DNA") appears with nearly identical citations as the 1998 article. I'll quote it below, because if illustrates another problem with Meyer's so-called scholarship.
From about page 223 to 226, we have a cut n' paste with only trivial alterations from an 1998 article Meyer wrote, "DNA by Design," published in the prestigious biological journal "Journal of Rhetoric & Public Affairs." (Yes, that was sarcasm). Text from "DNA by Design" appears quite often in "Signature." The most irritating feature is that in ten years between that early text and "Signature," Meyer had not even bothered to update critical references, let along his outdated thinking. Most obvious was that in both publications, a footnote (#21 in "DNA") appears with nearly identical citations as the 1998 article. I'll quote it below, because if illustrates another problem with Meyer's so-called scholarship.
(from Meyer 1998, which appeared with trivial alteration as footnote 10-15 in Meyer 2009) 21. L. C. Berkner and L. L. Marshall, "On the Origin and Rise in Concentration in the Earth's Atmosphere," Journal of Atmospheric Science 22 (1965): 225-61; R. T. Brinkman, "Dissociation of Water Vapor and Evolution of Oxygen in the Terrestrial Atmosphere," Journal of Geophysical Research 74 (1969): 5354-68; Erich Dimroth and Michael M. Kimberly, "Pre-Cambrian Atmospheric Oxygen: Evidence in Sedimentary Distribution of Carbon Sulfur, Uranium and Iron," Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 13 (1976): 1161-85; J. H. Carver, "Prebiotic Atmospheric Oxygen Levels," Nature 292 (1981): 136-38; H. D. Holland, B. Lazar, and M. McCaffrey, "Evolution of Atmosphere and Oceans," Nature 320 (1986): 27-33; J. F. Kastings, S. C. Liu, and T. M. Donahue, "Oxygen Levels in the Prebiological Atmosphere," Journal of Geophysical Research 84 (1979): 3097-3102; Kerr, "Origin of Life: New Ingredients Suggested," 42-43; Thaxton et al., Mystery of Life's Origin, 73-94.
How did this vary in Meyer's "Signature?" Well, the publication dates, and journal data were all removed to a bibliography. But aside from formatting, Meyer added a two additional outdated references, Towe (1996), and Kasting (1993).
What did Meyer use this group of citations to support? That the late-Hadean, early-Archean had an oxygenated atmosphere, and that without "intelligent intervention," which in IDC speak means "goddidit," all chemical reactions on the primitive Earth result in "biologically irrelevant compounds-chemically insoluble sludge." (Meyer 2010, pg 226).
Meyer, in 1998, might have been justified in thinking that scientific opinion was divided among geochemists regarding the Earth's early redox state. After all he is not really a geologist, nor a chemist. But, even though his under-graduate geology degree was from a religious school, his continued ignorance was not justified in 2008-2009.
Publications, several by the very people Meyer has cited, since 1998 have conclusively made the case for a late-Hadean / early-Archean reduced atmosphere, or at most a neutral atmosphere with common, strongly reducing oasis. Even articles readily available prior to 2008 make this obvious, and subsequent research has "capped" the argument.
..goes on to list references..
To help make his case, Meyer relies on the construction of "straw men" by claiming that there are really profound differences between historical sciences like biology and geology with other "experimental" sciences such as chemistry and physics. As a historian and philosopher of science - and as a former geophysicist too - Meyer should know better. There are many notable instances whereby well-conceived experiments have yielded important results confirming long-established scientific principles (or even challenging them) in biology and geology. Our understanding as to how Natural Selection does act on populations has been greatly enriched by such classic experiments as microbiologist Richard Lenski's ongoing two decade-long laboratory experiment on strains of E. coli - the bacterium found within the human gut - and by evolutionary ecologist John Endler's classic field experiments on pigmentation in Trinidad guppies. In the 1960s, ecologist Daniel Simberloff - then a graduate student of E. O. Wilson - confirmed via his field experiments several of the important predictions made by Wilson and ecologist Robert MacArthur in their theory of island biogeography.
I purchased the book out of curiosity. However, although entertaining at times, it is does not contain any proofs, controversy, nor science. I don't argue against these types of books, but don't call them scientific as they would not pass the basic of scientific testing, nor peer reviews.
Despite having a degree in the history of science, Meyer seems to have conveniently forgotten how science works. He is more the lawyer or politician - deciding first what conclusion he wishes to reach, then selectively choosing what data to present, and what interpretation to support to get him to the only predetermined conclusion he will accept. He is a co-founder of the Discovery Institute. He is a creationist advocate trying and failing to understand the science, not a scientist. His main argument is that if he can't understand how something in biology works, it must be intelligently designed.
This book does not contain an iota of testable evidence for Intelligent Design. Meyer uses enough sciency-talk, and references to other publications (always WAY out of context) to make his claim seem to be fairly grounded in science, but if you get past the rhetoric and look for the data, you won't find any. It does contain some reasonable criticisms of Darwin, but that's not the same thing as offering evidence for ID. This book could really impress a person who does not understand the scientific method.
Forgive me for mentioning it, but I wouldn't expect an unbiased, or even useful, review from this man. I'm afraid your efforts in bringing him to my attention have gone for naught.
It sometimes seems like every day, some "intelligent design" bozo comes out with another book rehashing the same-old crap. I usually ignore it. But this time, I felt like the promotional materials for one of the new books really stepped right into my part of the world, rhetorically speaking, and so I figured I should give it a quick smackdown.
The book in question is Stephen C. Meyer's "Signature in the Cell". Meyer's argument basically comes down to one that is seems like we've heard and dealt with a thousand times already. There's stuff in the cell which looks kinda-sorta like a machine if you look at it in the right way, and since machines were designed, therefore so were cells.
If that's all he said, I'd just ignore him. Why rehash the same old #?
Of course, in that sense, lots of things are digital. All chemicals are, in
that sense, digital information - because you can describe a chemical by a
notation consisting of a series of characters. In fact, you can treat a chemical as a
representation of symbolic information: a crystal of salt can be interpreted as a
representation of "NaCl"; a solution of sulfuric acid can be interpreted as a
representation of the string "H2SO4."
Originally posted by squiz
Barcs I challenge you to defend any of those critiques that you think are valid, personally I don't see any that even address the central issues. Book reviews? Really? what happened to science?
Can you answer my simple question?
On p. 143, Meyer tells us that "The idea of design helped liberate Western science from such fact-free reasoning." "Such" reasoning belonged to the Greeks that argued from first principles, and purely from logic, to the actual state of the world. Signature in the Cell almost immediately falls back into that error when Meyer argues purely from logic, analogy, and common sense instead of experiment and calculation. This abandonment of experiment is what most clearly justifies calling the book non-scientific, and even anti-scientific.
Meyer also indulges in a 'big number' argument about the size of proteins (and RNA polymers). Starting from an assertion that we need 150 amino acids for functionality, and old and often refuted argument follows that the universe doesn't have the resources to find even one such protein. Sadly no. Meyer ignores all evidence that vastly smaller fragments of protein have useful function. Function in proteins is often associated not with a specific arrangement of amino acids, but with the polar/non-polar nature of the amino acid. (If you want to think in terms of symbols, this is cutting down the number of symbols from 22 to 2.) While the universe can't explore 22^150 sequences, it certainly can explore 2^15 sequences, then use two of the best 15-length sequences together in a 30-length sequence. Etc, Etc. But Stephen Meyer is not going to tell you that.
As Dr Miller complained in 2000, Stephen Meyer lies by omission by "not having the space" to mention 20 years worth of research in the RNA World hypothesis. Now it is 28 years, and the page count of Signature in the Cell spent on long forgotten theories crowds out discussion of current theories and work that directly undercuts the main ideas of the book. There is no mention of the work of Michael Yarus' lab, no mention of the stereochemical hypothesis in the origin of the genetic code.
The argument fails on multiple levels, IMO. Meyer, as usual, appeals to "information", but his usage of the term is ill-defined and inconsistent. He reifies and mysticizes the concept of information throughout the book, assuming a metaphysic that he apparently doesn't think to question. Information, mind, design, intelligence, agency, etc. are immaterial (whatever that means) and not reducible to chance and necessity (again, whatever that means), according to Meyer's worldview. He should have made these fundamental assumptions explicit, defined them scientifically, and defended them scientifically before basing his argument on them.
It doesn't seem to occur to Meyer that the scientific community doesn't recognize certain "facts" that he takes for granted. For instance, he claims repeatedly, "Our uniform experience shows that minds have the 'capacity to produce specified information. Conversely, experience has shown that material processes do not have this capacity." For these claims to make sense, we have to assume that "specified information" has a clear operational definition, and that the concepts of "mind" and "material" are well-defined. Granting these assumptions (which I don't), he offers no data to back up his claim. His glib appeal to "uniform experience" is anything but scientific.
Although Meyer includes mathematical concepts and scientific facts in his book, his argument is rhetorical. I understand that he's targeting a lay audience, but he should come up with a more rigorous argument first, and *then* simplify it for the masses. If Meyer and other ID proponents want to circumvent this established process, they shouldn't be surprised that the scientific community dismisses them.
Mr. Myers grossly (if not intentionally) misunderstands structural molecular biology. He attempts to convince himself and others that there is no relationship between the information content and the structural properties of an evolving gene and its subsequent products. I have worked in protein folding evolution by examining the potential paths particular amino acid changes may have contributed to a pool of proteins that are related either sequentially or globally. There are indeed structures of DNA and proteins that are more or less viable (stable) depending on the information encoded. He attempts to compare cellular processes to computers, and though not entirely incorrect at face value, avoids making other computer science analogies that would weaken his argument
Originally posted by Barcs
reply to post by squiz
I've already answered FALSE and predicted your response. The origins of DNA are currently unknown so it cannot qualify as one or the other.
PWNED (sorry it's the gamer in me). I even beat you at your own semantics game. Think of something based on science that points to ID and we'll talk. This conversation is silly, and your denial of the obvious appeals and everything else is silly at this point. There is not objective evidence ID. There is subjective evidence, much of it you have posted. No matter how far you go with it, there are still vital gaps that need to be filled with assumptions to even come close to the conclusion of a designer.edit on 4-6-2013 by Barcs because: (no reason given)