It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
Originally posted by -PLB-
You are in denial again. Even in this very thread there are several posts of my where I completely expose your nonsense which you completely ignored.
Perimeter columns ANOK, perimeter columns.
Originally posted by ANOK
Where?
OK then, what caused the core to collapse? The perimeter columns, and the floors, did not hold the core up. They transferred lateral loads, which are relatively small. The vertical loading of the columns was massive.
Originally posted by GenRadek
NIST discovered that PANCAKING was NOT the INITIATOR of collapse.
A building undergoes progressive collapse when a primary structural element fails [collapse initiation], resulting in the failure of adjoining structural elements, which in turn causes further structural failure, similar to a house of cards.
Originally posted by -PLB-
Originally posted by ANOK
Where?
Like here: www.abovetopsecret.com...
and here: www.abovetopsecret.com...
and here: www.abovetopsecret.com...
and here: www.abovetopsecret.com...
and here: www.abovetopsecret.com...
Just to name a few of the last 3 pages.
OK then, what caused the core to collapse? The perimeter columns, and the floors, did not hold the core up. They transferred lateral loads, which are relatively small. The vertical loading of the columns was massive.
How about 15+ stories dropping on it? Whats the mystery here? You are looking for mysteries under every rock.
Originally posted by -PLB-
I guess demonstrating to you in detail where you are wrong is a dirty tactic nowadays. Anok, in that PDF, what happens when the lines cross the x-axis in 5b? Just one of the questions you have been ignoring consistently.
Fig. 5 illustrates the main influence of the catenary action which is apparent in the deflection temperature curves when the beams survive up to large deflection. The fact that the axial compression force in the beam changes to tension force tends to stop the run-away caused by the applied load and material degradation. Depending on the temperature history during the fire scenario, the remaining material strength helps the heated beam to act in catenary to support the load, and tends to prevent run-away. The analysis was carried out using end-plate connections and a 50% load ratio.
In this study, the case has been made that catenary action can enhance survival times for steel beams in fire, suggesting that such methods should be extended to include its effect where support conditions are appropriate.
Catenary action certainly occurs, and has been seen to affect a heated beam’s behaviour by preventing run-away deflection at high temperature plus applied load. The tensile axial force grows progressively as the deflection grows provided that some horizontal reaction stiffness exists. A change of the horizontal restraint stiffness can have a large effect on the behaviour of the beam at high deflection, and the loading on the beam can be carried very effectively as catenary tension replaces bending.
Originally posted by ANOK
www.abovetopsecret.com...
The truss failure theory, a key ingredient of the better known floor pancake theory, was endorsed by FEMA in its 2002 World Trade Center Building Performance Study . It invites us to imagine the floors assemblies detaching from their connections to the columns of the core and perimeter walls, precipitating a chain reaction of floors falling on one another. Without the lateral support of the floors, the columns, FEMA tells us, buckled and precipitated total building collapse.
NIST’s findings do not support the “pancake theory” of collapse, which is premised on a progressive failure of the floor systems in the WTC towers (the composite floor system—that connected the core columns and the perimeter columns—consisted of a grid of steel “trusses” integrated with a concrete slab; see diagram). Instead, the NIST investigation showed conclusively that the failure of the inwardly bowed perimeter columns initiated collapse and that the occurrence of this inward bowing required the sagging floors to remain connected to the columns and pull the columns inwards. Thus, the floors did not fail progressively to cause a pancaking phenomenon.
On September 11, 2001, World Trade Center buildings 1, 2 and 7 in New York City, collapsed as a result of terrorist attacks and the subsequent fires that followed. After a 3-year investigation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, it was concluded that fire weakened the steel structure until the long bridge-like floor sections (called trusses) began to progressively sag. This sagging converted the downwards pull of the trusses into an inwards pull. This intensifying inwards pull on the walls eventually caused the outer columns of Tower 2, and later the inner columns of Tower 1, to buckle and fold, thus initiating the various progressive collapses.[14] 2,752 people died in the buildings, including 157 passengers and crew members who were aboard two hijacked airplanes that struck buildings 1 and 2, initiating fires in both, with debris initiating fires in building 7 upon the collapse of buildings 1 and 2. The buildings were a steel-frame design.
Originally posted by -PLB-
ANOK, can you explain what happens when the lines cross the x-axis in figure 5b in that PDF? Why do you ignore this question?
In the initial stages of heating the restraint from the surrounding structure tends to resist the expansion of a beam...
...The initial deflection is increased by this restrained expansion together with the thermal bowing caused by the temperature variation across the beam’s cross-section...
Fig. 5 illustrates the main influence of the catenary action which is apparent in the deflection temperature curves when the beams survive up to large deflection. The fact that the axial compression force in the beam changes to tension force tends to stop the run-away caused by the applied load and material degradation. Depending on the temperature history during the fire scenario, the remaining material strength helps the heated beam to act in catenary to support the load, and tends to prevent run-away. The analysis was carried out using end-plate connections and a 50% load ratio.
In this study, the case has been made that catenary action can enhance survival times for steel beams in fire, suggesting that such methods should be extended to include its effect where support conditions are appropriate.
Catenary action certainly occurs, and has been seen to affect a heated beam’s behaviour by preventing run-away deflection at high temperature plus applied load. The tensile axial force grows progressively as the deflection grows provided that some horizontal reaction stiffness exists. A change of the horizontal restraint stiffness can have a large effect on the behaviour of the beam at high deflection, and the loading on the beam can be carried very effectively as catenary tension replaces bending.
Originally posted by ANOK
Again how do you get that sagging trusses can pull in columns, please quote the text that says that? Because the pretty picture are not demonstrating what you claim they are.
Originally posted by ANOK
Haven't you noticed that every time you claim I ignored something it gives me a chance to reiterate what I have already said? I don't understand why you would do that? I really can't believe you actually believe what you're saying, that is the only conclusion I can come to, because no one could be that dense.
Seeing as you can't quote where it says sagging trusses can pull in columns I'm done trying to debate with you, so I'm just going to refer you back to this reply where I explain your PDF, and why you are wrong about what it says. Please refer to what I say here if you still insist it says sagging trusses can pull in columns....
Originally posted by esdad71
Push, not pull right? You are describing what happens to metal when it gets hot.