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A smile is a facial expression formed by flexing the muscles near both ends of the mouth and by flexing muscles throughout the mouth.[1] Some smiles include contraction of the muscles at the corner of the eyes (see 'Duchenne Smiling' below). Among humans, it is an expression denoting pleasure, sociability, happiness, or amusement, but can also be an involuntary expression of anxiety, in which case it is known as a grimace. Smiling is something that is understood by everyone despite culture, race, or religion; it is internationally known. Cross-cultural studies have shown that smiling is a means of communication throughout the world.[2] But there are large differences between different cultures. A smile can also be spontaneous or artificial.
Although many different types of smiles have been identified and studied, researchers (e.g. Freitas-Magalhães) have devoted particular attention to an anatomical distinction first recognized by French physician Guillaume Duchenne. While conducting research on the physiology of facial expressions in the mid-19th century, Duchenne identified two distinct types of smiles. A Duchenne smile involves contraction of both the zygomatic major muscle (which raises the corners of the mouth) and the orbicularis oculi muscle (which raises the cheeks and forms crow's feet around the eyes). A non-Duchenne smile involves only the zygomatic major muscle. “Research with adults initially indicated that joy was indexed by generic smiling, any smiling involving the raising of the lip corners by the zygomatic major…. More recent research suggests that smiling in which the muscle around the eye contracts, raising the cheeks high (Duchenne smiling), is uniquely associated with positive emotion.”[13]
The entire event is short — typically lasting from two-thirds of a second to four seconds — and those who witness it often respond by mirroring the action, and smiling back.
...it seems that smiling through tough times does a body good.
“If you ask people who smiles more, everyone will say, ‘Women, of course,’” says LaFrance, whose book on smiling research, Lip Service, is scheduled for publication by W.W. Norton next summer. “What people don’t consider as much — both within the field of psychology and outside of it, is how variable smiling is as a function of the context of a social situation.”
Another function of smiling (and one that anecdotal evidence supports) is that it enhances our attractiveness.
What's in a SMILE?
Originally posted by BrokenAngelWings33
reply to post by BenReclused
Only a deceptive person would know that...I choose to give the benefit of the doubt...intuition will usually tell me which side to believe.
Originally posted by BrokenAngelWings33
reply to post by BenReclused
Hmm..I did not direct an insult at you...you seem to be a tad defensive though...perhaps I struck a nerve...being aware of deception is rooted in fear...I don't trust anyone with fake smiles...they are easy to discern.
Only a deceptive person would know that...
you seem to be a tad defensive though...perhaps I struck a nerve...
Originally posted by BenReclused
What's in a SMILE?
Quite often, I find a "smile" to be an obvious sign of deception. Beware of those who smile while asking for votes, money, or help.
I reckon that shows that I have become a bit cynical over the years. Oh well...
See ya,
Milt
PS:
Thanks for making me smile. A star and flag for you.edit on 1-12-2012 by BenReclused because: Typo