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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for the assessment of climate change. It was established by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to provide the world with a clear scientific view on the current state of knowledge in climate change and its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts. The UN General Assembly endorsed the action by WMO and UNEP in jointly establishing the IPCC.
The IPCC is a scientific body. It reviews and assesses the most recent scientific, technical and socio-economic information produced worldwide relevant to the understanding of climate change. It does not conduct any research nor does it monitor climate related data or parameters.
The scientific consensus is clearly expressed in the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and the United Nations Environmental Programme, IPCC's purpose is to evaluate the state of climate science as a basis for informed policy action, primarily on the basis of peer-reviewed and published scientific literature (3). In its most recent assessment, IPCC states unequivocally that the consensus of scientific opinion is that Earth's climate is being affected by human activities: “Human activities … are modifying the concentration of atmospheric constituents … that absorb or scatter radiant energy. … [M]ost of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations”
The scientific consensus might, of course, be wrong. If the history of science teaches anything, it is humility, and no one can be faulted for failing to act on what is not known. But our grandchildren will surely blame us if they find that we understood the reality of anthropogenic climate change and failed to do anything about it.
a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years.
In this sense, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term climate change has become synonymous with anthropogenic global warming
Abstract
This is the first of a series of three biennial reviews of research on the subject of climate change. This review is concerned with the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): its origins and mandate; its disciplinary and geographical expertise; its governance and organisational learning; consensus and its representation of uncertainty; and its wider impact and influence on knowledge production, public discourse and policy development. The research that has been conducted on the IPCC as an institution has come mostly from science and technology studies scholars and a small number critical social scientists. The IPCC’s influence on the construction, mobilisation and consumption of climate change knowledge is considerable. The review therefore ends by encouraging geographers of science to turn their research and scholarship to understanding the roles played by the IPCC, and equivalent institutional processes of climate change knowledge assessment, in the contemporary world.
Why We Disagree About Climate Change is an exploration on how the idea of climate change has taken such a dominant position in modern politics and why it is so contested. In the book, the author looks at the differing views from various disciplines, including natural science, economics, ethics, social psychology and politics, to try to explain why people disagree about climate change. Rather than being a problem to be solved, the book argues that climate change is an idea which reveals different individual and collective beliefs, values and attitudes about ways of living in the world.
Grönland - ohne Eis als Folge der Klimaerwärmung. Diese Meldung wurde dieser Tage in den Medien verbreitet. Was soll man davon halten?
Translation:
Greenland - excluding ice due to climate warming. This message was disseminated in the media these days. What are we to make of it?
Thune - "Nichts! Theoretisch kann man sich alles Mögliche ausdenken, dies in Formeln kleiden und berechnen, dass in exakt 1.900 Jahren der Weltuntergang eintreten wird. Dann würde die Menschheit um das Schauspiel „eisfreies Grönland“ in 2.000 Jahren betrogen sein. Das Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung erinnert mich an das griechische „Orakel von Delphi“, aber auch an die „Offenbarung des Johannes“, die Vision der Apokalypse mit ihren prophetischen Bildfolgen. Im Jahre 1033 sollte schon einmal die Welt untergehen und der Weltklimarat prophezeite noch 2007 den Klimakollaps für 2020. Mit ihren Supercomputern machen die Klimaforscher uns glauben, sie hätten die „Sieben Siegel“ geöffnet und damit den „verborgenen Geschichtsplan Gottes“ enthüllt. Alle charakteristischen Merkmale der Apokalypse, ob aus der Glaskugel gelesen oder mit dem Computer berechnet, findet man heute unter dem Namen „Science Fiction“ wieder."
Translation:
Nothing! Theoretically, you can think up anything, dress it up in formulae and calculate that the end of the world will occur in exactly 1900 years. In 2000 years, when it comes to an ice-free Greenland, man will have been defrauded. The Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research reminds me of the Greek ‘Oracle of Delphi’, or the ‘Book of Revelation’, the vision of the apocalypse with its prophetic picture sequences . The world was supposed to end already back in 1033 and the IPCC prophesied in 2007 a climate collapse for 2020. With their super computers the climate scientists would have us believe that they have opened up the ‘Seven Seals’ and revealed ‘God’s Plan’.”
“The claim of man-made global warming represents the descent of science from the pursuit of truth into politicised propaganda. The fact that it is endorsed by the top scientist in the British government shows how deep this rot has gone.” Melanie Phillips, Daily Mail, 12 January 2004.
Climate change is a fundamental problem involving basic science including physics. There is much research still to be done before we get to a position of sufficient certainty about all the aspects of climate change that are required by society to plan for the future. Predictions of future climate change, based on numerical global climate models, are the critical outputs of climate science. Whilst much has been written about the details of the predictions themselves, scepticism about the prediction models is rife and this is why this paper is devoted to de-mystifying the prediction methodology. Consequently this paper focuses on the scientific basis of climate change prediction. As for all problems in science, uncertainty and its quantification are a fundamental part of the scientific process and thus they will figure largely in this paper. There is little doubt that a lack of knowledge about how climate change is predicted and the associated uncertainties are amongst the main reasons for ill-informed comment on climate change.
A fuller reading of the e-mails from CRU in Norwich, UK, does show a sobering amount of rude behaviour and verbal faux pas, but nothing that challenges the scientific consensus of climate change. Still, the incident provides a good opportunity to point out that — as in any active field of inquiry — there are some major gaps in the understanding of climate science. In its most recent report in 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) highlighted 54 'key uncertainties' that complicate climate science.
Considerable effort has been devoted to using proxy information, such as from tree rings, to estimate change over the past 1000 years or so and the climate appears to have been noticeably lacking in significant variations.
Climate scientists are worried in particular about tree-ring data from a few northern sites. By examining temperature measurements from nearby, researchers know that tree growth at these locations tracked atmospheric temperatures for much of the twentieth century and then diverged from the actual temperatures during recent decades. It may be that when temperatures exceed a certain threshold, tree growth responds differently. The 'divergence' issue also made an appearance in the CRU affair. In the most frequently quoted of the CRU e-mails, the former director of the centre, Phil Jones, mentioned a 'trick' — namely using actual observations of late-twentieth-century temperatures instead of tree ring data — to 'hide the decline' in the response of trees to the warming temperatures."
The human input of aerosols to the atmosphere reflects back incoming solar radiation and may make clouds more reflective – it is thought this has acted to partially offset the amount of global warming (sometimes called global dimming). The fact that the amount of cloud is altered, in principle, by temperature shows that there is the possibility of feedbacks in the climate system. Other feedbacks include: (i) the greenhouse gases) such as water vapour, carbon melting of sea-ice leading to reduced albedo and further warming, and (ii) higher temperatures leading to more atmospheric water vapour and an enhanced greenhouse effect. It is the ability of humans to alter the greenhouse effect that shows that the term "anthropogenic climate change" is a meaningful concept.
Atmospheric aerosols — airborne liquid or solid particles — are a source of great uncertainty in climate science. Despite decades of intense research, scientists must still resort to using huge error bars when assessing how particles such as sulphates, black carbon, sea salt and dust affect temperature and rainfall. Overall, it is thought that aerosols cool climate by blocking sunlight, but the estimates of this effect vary by an order of magnitude, with the top end exceeding the warming power of all the carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere by humans. One of the biggest problems is lack of data. "We don't know what's in the air," says Schmidt. "This means a major uncertainty over key processes driving past and future climate."
If there is a human induced climate modification then present day climate variations are a mixture of natural and anthropogenic contributions. The detection of climate change relies on measurements of recent past climate variations and the attribution of climate variations to anthropogenic sources attempts to find the contributions to observed or predicted change from these sources. Given that we have only one climate system to measure, it is extremely difficult to be definitive about attribution although this can be done using statistical and modelling approaches. The problem with attribution being that a natural trend can exist over certain time periods, even without human modifications, as part of a longer term natural oscillation. It is particularly popular to ask such questions as "is the recent severe weather event caused by global warming?" and extremely difficult to answer them definitively.
Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC) is what its name suggests: an international panel of nongovernment scientists and scholars who have come together to understand the causes and consequences of climate change. Because we are not predisposed to believe climate change is caused by human greenhouse gas emissions, we are able to look at evidence the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ignores. Because we do not work for any governments, we are not biased toward the assumption that greater government activity is necessary.
Mike Hulme (2009), a professor of climate change in the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia and a contributor to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in 2009 a book that contained admissions of uncertainty rarely voiced by insiders of the climate change research community. Hulme wrote, ―the three questions examined above—What is causing climate change? By how much is warming likely to accelerate? What level of warming is dangerous?— represent just three of a number of contested or uncertain areas of knowledge about climate change.
Hulme also admitted "Uncertainty pervades scientific predictions of future performance of global and regional climates. And uncertainties multiply when considering all the consequences that might follow such changes in climate." On the subject of the IPCC's credibility he admitted "it is governed by a Bureau consisting of selected governmental representatives, thus ensuring that the Panel's work was clearly seen to be serving the needs of government and policy. The Panel was not to be a self-governing body of independent scientists
When asked "When scientists say "the debate on climate change is over", what exactly do the mean - and what don't they mean?" Jones replied, "It would be supposition on my behalf to know whether all scientists who say the debate is over are saying that for the same reason. I don't believe the vast majority of climate scientists believe this. There is still much that needs to be undertaken to reduce uncertainties, not just for the future, but for the instrumental (and especially the palaeoclimatic) past as well.
However, you climate change deniers doubt that the billions of cars, trucks, trains, aircraft, factories, generators, and other objects and processes that produce extremely large amounts of greenhouse gases every minute of every hour of every day of every year, all over the entire planet, at the same time, couldn't cause our atmosphere to retain more heat, and increase global temperatures, effectively changing the global climate...
My reply was to deniers who can't understand that simple facts of science who will surely be crying about climate change being a hoax in this topic in the near future.
Originally posted by pasiphae
you are clearly not trying to win over anyone who believes the majority of climate scientists are right. your antagonistic title made me irritated before even attempting to read your standard talking points. right off the bat you are insulting and rude. why would i want to engage in any sort of civil discussion or read what you have to say when you clearly aim to insult anyone who doesn't agree?
Originally posted by Jean Paul Zodeaux
Mike Hulme (2009), a professor of climate change in the School of Environmental Sciences at the University of East Anglia and a contributor to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in 2009 a book that contained admissions of uncertainty rarely voiced by insiders of the climate change research community. Hulme wrote, ―the three questions examined above—What is causing climate change? By how much is warming likely to accelerate? What level of warming is dangerous?— represent just three of a number of contested or uncertain areas of knowledge about climate change.
In all honesty it does not matter if man is causing warming or not. There is no really intention to do anything about moving away from fossil fuels, especially in our current economic climate. Drill baby drill, burn baby burn. China is building a coal power stations at the rate of 2 a week. No one really cares.
Garbage in garbage out, then apply statistical tricks and bias and then repeat the lie ad nauseum. The pseudo religious aspect is appropriate given the end of world disaster claims repeatedly peddled by these frauds.
Originally posted by ManFromEurope
Wolfgang Thüne is not a person to be trusted. He made his doctor in a phd-mill, published in an extreme-right-wing publishing house and a notorious climate-change-denier.
Trust on him. Go on.
But don't expect me to trust him or the results in your text based on his opinions.