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A karyotype (Greek karyon = kernel, seed or nucleus) is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The term is also used for the complete set of chromosomes in a species, or an individual organism.[1][2][3] Karyotypes describe the number of chromosomes, and what they look like under a light microscope. Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics.[4] The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics. Karyogram of human male using Giemsa staining The study of whole sets of chromosomes is sometimes known as karyology. The chromosomes are depicted (by rearranging a microphotograph) in a standard format known as a karyogram or idiogram: in pairs, ordered by size and position of centromere for chromosomes of the same size. The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of an individual or a species is called the somatic number and is designated 2n. Thus, in humans 2n = 46. In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23).[2]p28 So, in normal diploid organisms, autosomal chromosomes are present in two copies. There may, or may not, be sex chromosomes. Polyploid cells have multiple copies of chromosomes and haploid cells have single copies. The study of karyotypes is important for cell biology and genetics, and the results may be used in evolutionary biology and medicine. Karyotypes can be used for many purposes; such as to study chromosomal aberrations, cellular function, taxonomic relationships, and to gather information about past evolutionary events.
he Eden story, which takes up chapters 2 to 4 of the Book of Genesis, tells how the Abrahamic God creates the first man and puts him in a paradise-garden in Eden. Before making the first woman, God tells the man that he may eat the fruit of any of the trees in the garden except that of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. God then forms the first woman (named Eve) and Genesis 2 ends with a note that the man and woman "were naked and felt no shame". A talking snake subsequently tempts the woman to eat the fruit with the promise of knowledge. The woman and the man both eat, become aware of their nakedness and make coverings for themselves. God, aware that the first humans now have knowledge, banishes them from the garden lest they eat from the Tree of Life and live forever.
The 23rd chromosome is the sex chromosome. It is either an X or Y (strictly male) chromosome. When the sperm and egg cells fuse, they combine into 46 chromosomes with either two X chromosomes or an XY pairing. If it is 2 X chromosomes, the zygote is a female. If it an XY pairing, the zygote is a male. Read more: wiki.answers.com...
What if your fetus is missing the 23rd Chromosome? I know from genetics that a missing 23rd chromosome results in just an X chromosome, which is better known as Turner's syndrome...but this only results in girls. Does anyone know what the name is for a male with a missing 23rd chromosome? Or if it's even possible to have a male with only 1 X chromosome. Thanks.
All normal males have only one X chromosome, by definition. ;-) They have one X and one Y. (Normal females are XX.)
A fetus that was YO (as Turner's females are XO, meaning that there is no second chromosome) would not be viable. There are a lot of important genes on that X chromosome.
It is, however, possible to have a male with two X chromosomes (XXY). They have a syndrome known as Kleinfelter's. It is also possible to have XYY (two Y chromosomes). These males tend to be taller than average but are otherwise normal.
Source(s):
Fourth year medical student.
Turner syndrome or Ullrich-Turner syndrome (also known as "Gonadal dysgenesis"[1]:550), 45 XO, encompasses several conditions in human females, of which monosomy X (absence of an entire sex chromosome, the Barr body) is most common.
It is a chromosomal abnormality in which all or part of one of the sex chromosomes is absent (unaffected humans have 46 chromosomes, of which two are sex chromosomes). Normal females have two X chromosomes, but in Turner syndrome, one of those sex chromosomes is missing or has other abnormalities
. In some cases, the chromosome is missing in some cells but not others, a condition referred to as mosaicism[2] or "Turner mosaicism". Occurring in 1 in 2000[3] – 1 in 5000 phenotypic females,[4] the syndrome manifests itself in a number of ways. There are characteristic physical abnormalities, such as short stature, swelling, broad chest, low hairline, low-set ears, and webbed necks.[5] Girls with Turner syndrome typically experience gonadal dysfunction (non-working ovaries), which results in amenorrhea (absence of menstrual cycle) and sterility.
Concurrent health concerns are also frequently present, including congenital heart disease, hypothyroidism (reduced hormone secretion by the thyroid), diabetes, vision problems, hearing concerns, and many autoimmune diseases.[6] Finally, a specific pattern of cognitive deficits is often observed, with particular difficulties in visuospatial, mathematical, and memory areas.[7] Turner's syndrome is named after Henry H. Turner.
Originally posted by diamondoftheworld
We all have 46 chromosomes plus either two copies of the X chromosome, or one X plus one Y chromosome.
Wrong in the very first sentence.
a.. The perfect number of chromosomes for humans is 46. We have 46 chromosomes in almost all of our cells - that is, 22 pairs of autosomes, numbered 1 through 22, plus the two sex chromosomes, called X and Y. Normally, females contain two X chromosomes in their cells in addition to the 44 autosomes. We describe female chromosomes as 46,XX (46 including 2 X' s). The cells of a male contain an X chromosome and a Y chromosome plus 44 autosomes; we describe their chromosomes as 46,XY.
Originally posted by diamondoftheworld
From all the creatures on Earth Humans are the only ones aware of the sexual act.
We all have 46 chromosomes plus either two copies of the X chromosome, or one X plus one Y chromosome.
The most common form of Down syndrome is known as Trisomy 21, a condition where individuals have 47 chromosomes in each cell instead of 46.
There are no other any other creatures wearing clothes ,but maybe it's only me....sure it's me.
That isn't true either. Also, nakedness is subjective, depending on where your from. So arguing we're the only ones to be "aware" of our nakedness is a false start...
This is the Proof that Evolution is Wrong.
Sure....but I am talking about the 23rd cromosome,but if you insist...
False!! Never forget our special fellow humans that carry 47 chromosones.
Klinefelter's syndrome, 47, XXY, or XXY syndrome is a condition in which a human has an extra X chromosome. While females have an XX chromosomal makeup, and males an XY, affected individuals have at least two X chromosomes and at least one Y chromosome.[1] Because of the extra chromosome, individuals with the condition are usually referred to as "XXY Males", or "47, XXY Males".[2] This chromosome constitution (karyotype) exists in roughly between 1:500 to 1:1000 live male births[3][4] but many of these people may not show symptoms. The physical traits of the syndrome become more apparent after the onset of puberty, if at all.[5] In humans, 47XXY is the most common sex chromosome aneuploidy in males[6] and the second most common condition caused by the presence of extra chromosomes. Other mammals also have the XXY syndrome, including mice.[7] Principal effects include hypogonadism and reduced fertility. A variety of other physical and behavioural differences and problems are common, though severity varies and many XXY boys have few detectable symptoms. Not all XXY boys and men develop the symptoms of Klinefelter syndrome.
Many examples of biological change in living nature, which are often used to prove evolution, are in fact examples of degeneration: 1 - Rudimentary (reduced) organs are still considered as strong proof in favor of evolution. But the reality shows us it is a loss, losing something, not the development of something that originally wasn't there. It's a form of degeneration. 2 - Human hereditary illnesses are often caused by a mutation of a gene that was originally good. From that moment on the flaw is passed on to other members of a family according to heriditary laws. In first instance, however, the gene was good. And most other people outside this family have the good gene. All kinds of isolated groups of people show to have their own specific hereditary illnesses. But we have to keep in mind it's a malfunction of something that originally functioned perfectly. It's not just another step on the evolutionary diary. So if we go back in time far enough (thousands of years), until we reach the time of our ancestors, we would find that they possess all the intact genetic information. It is not possible for them to have carried all our billions of genetic defects within their limited genepool.
I am not desperate I an just showing the truth.
Im confused at why there are so many creationists on this site seriously. Grasping at straws doesnt even explain how desperate you guys are.
Then why not go all naked on the streets...and what is shame?
, it is entirely a religious invention that we should be ashamed of being naked.