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Originally posted by redneck13
reply to post by alienreality
Sound like something that would burn so hot it would vaporize all liquids and just leave the salts of organic compounds. mmmmmmmm
Originally posted by SibylofErythrae
Originally posted by charlyv
The "Black Mat" is well understood, and covers areas of mostly states in the US great lakes regions all the way down to the Carolinas. It is a sediment of burnt ash in a stratification layer of soil and rock , 12-13k years old, and has evidence of carbon/nickel spherules mixed with burnt organic plant matter as well as a high concentration of iridium. That should be proof enough of an extraterrestrial origin. (A Natural one, caused by a comet or fragmented huge asteroid.)
Even if one rejects the asteroid impact or Younger Drydas impact idea, what you are still left with is a black mat.
So something set enough of the continent on fire to cause a black mat layer to form. Prior to this black mat layer, grassland areas were not as extensive and there were more treed areas. The ascension of the prairie buffalo kept the grasslands from reforesting as the herds would eat down new trees. Non-ranch grasslands in North America are starting to show this change now in reverse where trees and shubbery are where they have not grown for thousands of years because it isn't being eaten down.
Regardless of an impact being proven or disproven, SOMETHING happened.
Originally posted by SibylofErythrae
I'd agree, but I try not to become too bogged down in the details. There are critics who suggest that the sphericules are only found on sites with fire pits. This is then being used to suggest that the entire hypothesis of an impact doesn't work.
To which I'd say, fine. But there is still a black mat. So if it wasn't an impact....what caused the black mat that coincides with large mammal dig off in North America AND Asia?
Something set fire to the continent. If it wasn't an impact....well then, I'm even more curious. No super volcano blow out? No impact? Black mat. Mass Die Off. Closure of migration routes for herds AND humans. Odd combination of events.
Originally posted by charlyv
The Carolina bays are another extreme example in this scenario, since they all point back in alignment to a huge bolide that hit the ice sheet over the great lakes.
Within this part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, the orientation of the long axes of Carolina bays varies by 10 to 15 degrees (Johnson 1942, Kacrovowski, 1977, Carver and Brooks 1989). If the long axes of these Carolina bays, as measured by Johnson (1942), are projected westward, they converge, neither in the Great Lakes nor Canada, but in the area of southeastern Indiana and southwestern Ohio.
They are dated exactly to the clovis black mat,
Within cores of undisturbed sediments recovered from Big Bay, North Carolina, Brook et al. (2001) documented well-defined pollen zones consisting of distinct pollen assemblages. They found a stratigraphically consistent series of pollen zones, which increased in age consistently with depth from Holocene interglacial epoch to the Wisconsinan glacial epoch, back into oxygen isotope stage 5, 75,000 to 134,000 years BP. These pollen zones collaborate the dating of Big Bay by OSL and radiocarbon dating.
Over the last several years, Ivester et al. (2002, 2003, 2004a, 2004b, 2007) have dated the sand rims of numerous Carolina bays using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) They found sand rims of many Carolina bays to be as old as 80,000 to 100,000 BP. For example, Ivester et al. (2002) wrote about Flamingo Bay, a Carolina bay:
Many radiocarbon dates, which were obtained from organic matter preserved within undisturbed sediments are greater than 14,000 BP radiocarbon in age. The finite radiocarbon dates range in age from 440 ± 50 to 27,700 ±2,600 BP radiocarbon in age (Whitehead 1981, Gaiser et al. 2001). Some samples are so old, they contained insufficient radiocarbon for dating, which results in "greater than" dates. For example, samples from sediments filling Carolina bays have been dated at greater than 38,000 to 49,550 BP radiocarbon years (Frey 1955, Brooks et al. 2001).
Originally posted by charlyv
The Carolina bays are another extreme example in this scenario, since they all point back in alignment to a huge bolide that hit the ice sheet over the great lakes. They are dated exactly to the clovis black mat, and have the same chemical signatures in their raised southern rims. Shallow craters made by masses of iron spherules, ice and carbon glass traveling at over 17k kilometers an hour at a trajectory of about 10 degrees off the horizon. I think the evidence is just too great to even question. The details make or break the theory, so they are extremely important.
Originally posted by Hanslune
Originally posted by charlyv
The Carolina bays are another extreme example in this scenario, since they all point back in alignment to a huge bolide that hit the ice sheet over the great lakes.
A few notes: The great lakes didn't actually exist at that time but I understand the use of the term to describe a general location. However:
Within this part of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, the orientation of the long axes of Carolina bays varies by 10 to 15 degrees (Johnson 1942, Kacrovowski, 1977, Carver and Brooks 1989). If the long axes of these Carolina bays, as measured by Johnson (1942), are projected westward, they converge, neither in the Great Lakes nor Canada, but in the area of southeastern Indiana and southwestern Ohio.
That isn't really the great lakes, farther to the south - was this area covered by ice?
They are dated exactly to the clovis black mat,
Well no they don't;
Palynology
Within cores of undisturbed sediments recovered from Big Bay, North Carolina, Brook et al. (2001) documented well-defined pollen zones consisting of distinct pollen assemblages. They found a stratigraphically consistent series of pollen zones, which increased in age consistently with depth from Holocene interglacial epoch to the Wisconsinan glacial epoch, back into oxygen isotope stage 5, 75,000 to 134,000 years BP. These pollen zones collaborate the dating of Big Bay by OSL and radiocarbon dating.
OSL results
Over the last several years, Ivester et al. (2002, 2003, 2004a, 2004b, 2007) have dated the sand rims of numerous Carolina bays using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) They found sand rims of many Carolina bays to be as old as 80,000 to 100,000 BP. For example, Ivester et al. (2002) wrote about Flamingo Bay, a Carolina bay:
Sedimentology
Sedimentology results
Radiocarbon
Many radiocarbon dates, which were obtained from organic matter preserved within undisturbed sediments are greater than 14,000 BP radiocarbon in age. The finite radiocarbon dates range in age from 440 ± 50 to 27,700 ±2,600 BP radiocarbon in age (Whitehead 1981, Gaiser et al. 2001). Some samples are so old, they contained insufficient radiocarbon for dating, which results in "greater than" dates. For example, samples from sediments filling Carolina bays have been dated at greater than 38,000 to 49,550 BP radiocarbon years (Frey 1955, Brooks et al. 2001).
So a large range of dates but nothing to agree with a 'end of Clovis' strike
Originally posted by charlyv. I think the evidence is just too great to even question. The details make or break the theory, so they are extremely important.
Originally posted by charlyv
There is a lot of old data up there. There was proven an anomaly in the radio carbon dating due to a radioactive element that played a part in this event. Also, if you correct the rotational effects of the planet, the correction places it in the great lakes region, and also a suspected other member of the comet/asteroid which may have impacted on the ice sheet over Hudson bay, and a lot of research is underway on that aspect presently.
I will pass along another very recent book/white paper link previously given to me by Slayer69,
Originally posted by Shoujikina
And how does that effect the pollen, OSL and sedimentology? Rotation of the earth? I don't think so, an object if it hit would have been moving very fast, the Earth movement wouldn't have made that much adjustment
Originally posted by charlyv
The earth around the latitude of the great lakes moved 55 miles to the east during the time it took the material to hit the Carolina bays. In a straight trajectory from the Great lakes, the material passed through central eastern Ohio, so the apparent entry of the bolide would show that it passed through the border of Ohio and Indiana, not counting for earth rotation or the fact that the bolide was traveling to the south east, in direction of earth rotation which accounts for another 2 minutes of arc. This is why the earlier data was wrong, and it did not enter west of the great lakes region, but in fact directly over it.
As far as that article refuting some of the evidence, it is more of a character assasination on Kennet and West, more that anything else. They still cannot account for the wealth of evidence supporting a cosmic impact for the material found in the sites they examined.
Originally posted by Hanslune
Originally posted by charlyv
The earth around the latitude of the great lakes moved 55 miles to the east during the time it took the material to hit the Carolina bays. In a straight trajectory from the Great lakes, the material passed through central eastern Ohio, so the apparent entry of the bolide would show that it passed through the border of Ohio and Indiana, not counting for earth rotation or the fact that the bolide was traveling to the south east, in direction of earth rotation which accounts for another 2 minutes of arc. This is why the earlier data was wrong, and it did not enter west of the great lakes region, but in fact directly over it.
90 kilometers depends on the speed of entry, is it 90 kilometers from the great lakes to the area specified? Nope, also you've forgotten again that the Carolina bays do not date to the time period nor do all of them orient to the direction you want
You also forgot to explain away the other hard truth that the dating methods show the theory to be fatally flawed - that alone kills the Caroline bay part of the theory
As far as that article refuting some of the evidence, it is more of a character assasination on Kennet and West, more that anything else. They still cannot account for the wealth of evidence supporting a cosmic impact for the material found in the sites they examined.
And why isn't this showing up, what does the new research show?edit on 30/6/12 by Hanslune because: (no reason given)