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The U.S. Supreme Court took a narrow view of the Constitution's double jeopardy clause on Thursday, allowing the retrial of an Arkansas man on murder charges even though the jury in his first trial voted unanimously that he was not guilty.
Chief Justice John Roberts Jr. wrote the decision in the case of Blueford v. Arkansas, prompting a strongly worded dissent from Justice Sonia Sotomayor, who was joined by Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Elena Kagan.
"This case demonstrates that the threat to individual freedom from re-prosecutions that favor states and unfairly rescue them from weak cases has not waned with time," wrote Sotomayor. "Only this Court's vigilance has."
nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb
On November 28, 2007, Petitioner Alex Blueford was watching Matthew McFadden, Jr., his girlfriend's 20-month-old son, in their home. See Brief for Petitioner, Alex Blueford at 2. Shortly after Blueford began babysitting, McFadden stopped breathing. See id. at 3. He died in the hospital from a closed head injury a few days later. See id. Blueford was charged with capital murder in the death of McFadden, and trial began in the Pulaski County Circuit Court in August 2009. See Blueford v. Arkansas, 2011 Ark. 8 (2011) at *1. At trial, Blueford claimed that McFadden’s injuries occurred while Blueford was on his bed taking a phone call and McFadden climbed up on the bed. See Brief for Petitioner at 5–6. Blueford said he was startled when McFadden waved a lit cigarette near his face, causing him to accidentally hit McFadden in the head and knock him to the floor. See id. at 6. While Blueford states that he did not initially recognize that McFadden was harmed, he soon realized something was wrong and tried to revive McFadden. See id. In contrast to Blueford’s testimony, Arkansas’ expert pediatricians and the state medical examiner compared McFadden’s injuries to those from a serious car accident and contended that the injuries were caused by severe, intentional trauma.
The court instructed the jury to consider capital murder, first-degree murder, manslaughter, and negligent homicide, in that order.
The jury continued, but felt that they were unable to reach a consensus and again appeared before the court. See id. In explaining the deadlock to the judge, the forewoman stated that the jury was unanimously against charges of capital murder and first-degree murder, and that nine of the twelve jurors were in favor of manslaughter. See id. at *3. The forewoman then admitted that the jury had not yet discussed negligent homicide, so the judge asked the jury to continue deliberating. See id. at *3–4. After the jury again reported a deadlock, the judge declared a mistrial.
The circuit court denied Blueford's motion, holding that there was no acquittal as the jury never finished its deliberations to arrive at a verdict.
The Double Jeopardy Clause prohibits trying a defendant twice for the same offense. See U.S. Const. Amend. X. The Supreme Court of Arkansas ruled that although the jury foreperson announced that the jury had unanimously voted against finding Blueford guilty of capital and first-degree murder, the announcement was neither a “finding” nor a “verdict” as intended by the law. See Blueford v. Arkansas at *4. Thus, the court ruled that the announcement by the jury foreperson was not an acquittal for purposes of establishing former jeopardy.
Surely we can make an exception for serious cases, such as murder, where there is compelling evidence of guilt subsequent to acquittal?
If anything, in a serious case, where the consequences of a wrongful conviction or a wrongful acquittal are serious, the case for an exception to be made is weakest. With serious crimes, it is most important that an investigation and trial be performed with utmost care and thoroughness—mistakes could cost lives and lead to innocent people being jailed for many years. Allowing a repeat trial in such circumstances would lead to an incentive to hold back evidence, or lines of inquiry, for a retrial.
Thus the double jeopardy rule is even more important than normal in such cases, as it puts pressure on the prosecution and the investigators of a crime to do their jobs to the best of their abilities, because they will not have a second chance.
The Wedding Cake Model Theory of Criminal Justice was developed by Samuel Walker, a scholar who analyzed the judicial system. The theory divides the proceedings in the criminal justice system into four different categories: celebrated cases, serious felonies, lesser felonies and misdemeanors. The theory allows for a closer analysis of these different types of cases based on the manner in which they are dealt with in the criminal justice system Read more: The Wedding Cake Model Theory of Criminal Justice | eHow.com www.ehow.com...
Celebrated Cases The top layer of the Wedding Cake Model Theory of Criminal Justice includes the "celebrated cases." These types of cases garner a great deal of media attention because the crimes are unusual or because the defendants are celebrities or high-ranking officials. The manner in which these types of cases are undertaken is not typical of the operation of the criminal justice system. Because they are such high-profile cases, there are factors that need to be taken into consideration that do not exist in more typical criminal cases. These include everything from cameras in the courtroom to crowd control. By their very nature, examples of celebrated cases are obvious: OJ Simpson, Michael Jackson, Bernie Madoff and so forth. Read more: The Wedding Cake Model Theory of Criminal Justice | eHow.com www.ehow.com...
Originally posted by jude11
It won't matter if you are innocent if the courts believe you are guilty as they can just keep you in the system and on the stand until "Guilty" is reached...no matter how long it takes.
At least that's what I understand from this?
Peace
Originally posted by LightningStrikesHere
reply to post by jude11
indeed , you need not say more my friend , this justice system is *COUGH* well you know
Originally posted by LightningStrikesHere
reply to post by jude11
indeed , you need not say more my friend , this justice system is *COUGH* well you know
Originally posted by Ex_CT2
Another scary slippery slope scaled.
Something I didn't know, and that I find highly enlightening: Sotomayor is "the only former trial court judge on the Supreme Court bench." That alone is one of the scariest pieces of information I can imagine.
Boy are we ever f---ed!edit on 6/5/2012 by Ex_CT2 because: (no reason given)
from one of the articles above
"This case demonstrates that the threat to individual freedom from re-prosecutions that favor states and unfairly rescue them from weak cases has not waned with time," wrote Sotomayor. "Only this Court's vigilance has."
Originally posted by Nspekta
Originally posted by jude11
It won't matter if you are innocent if the courts believe you are guilty as they can just keep you in the system and on the stand until "Guilty" is reached...no matter how long it takes.
At least that's what I understand from this?
Peace
Yes and no..well not really, no but potentially! In this case, the jury ruled that he was not guilty of the two highest potential charges, capital and 1st deg. Murder. BUT, the re-trial(and depends on which source you use from above, the video or the cornell report) of this man on the SAME charges and same evidence because the judge either forgot to make note of the jury's decision or through normal court case closing procedures. The fact is, he was deemed not guilty by a jury yet he will be tried again anyways! This could potentially set a precedent that will completely tarnish the 5th
"As permitted under Arkansas law, the jury's options in this case were limited to two: either convict on one of the offenses, or acquit on all...[T]he jury in this case did not convict Blueford of any offense, but it did not acquit him of any either..."
Originally posted by MrWendal
I am going to have to look a little deeper into this case, but on the surface, double jeopardy does not apply here. For starters, the Judge declared a mistrial when the Jury was unable to reach a verdict. That is a HUGE difference from a Jury finding him not guilty. In the event of a mistrial, the prosecution has the opportunity to retry the case if they choose to do so. A "mistrial" and a "not guilty" verdict are two completely separate things.
Originally posted by MrWendal
I am going to have to look a little deeper into this case, but on the surface, double jeopardy does not apply here. For starters, the Judge declared a mistrial when the Jury was unable to reach a verdict. That is a HUGE difference from a Jury finding him not guilty. In the event of a mistrial, the prosecution has the opportunity to retry the case if they choose to do so. A "mistrial" and a "not guilty" verdict are two completely separate things.