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Obesity, Epigenetics, and Gene Regulation
…….Picture a network of molecules that are intimately intertwined with nuclear DNA and that have the power to silence genes. The behavior of this entourage of molecules can be altered by the environment (or "nurture," to use the terminology of the classic "nature versus nurture" debate) and can have a profound effect on an individual's phenotype. ….
Environmental Triggers
A number of environmental triggers have been shown to affect the behavior of an organism's epigenome, tipping the balance between methylation or lack thereof, and thus between genes that are "off" and those that are "on." ….
The implications of this discovery are staggering. With the rise of obesity in Americans coinciding with the widespread use of bisphenol A in everything from water bottles to dental sealants, one can't help wondering whether there is a causal connection. ….
But exactly how does exposure to bisphenol A affect both skin cells and brain cells? Through careful study, Jirtle found that the amount of DNA methylation was fairly consistent through an individual mouse's body. This result suggested that the demethylation that led to yellowness and obesity occurred in early development. ….bisphenol exposure didn't guarantee obesity in mice; rather, it simply increased the risk of developing obesity.
Environmental Protection
When gene expression goes awry during development, as in bisphenol-exposed mouse pups, the consequences can cause changes in adult mice that were not seen at birth. This phenomenon, called fetal programming, may play a role in many health conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. ….
Recently, it has also been used to show that dietary factors can prevent the agouti gene from being turned on.
More specifically, not only did Jirtle's group find an increased risk of disease with maternal chemical exposure in mice, but they also noted that certain nutrients were protective. In particular, supplementing the mothers' diets with methyl-donating substances, such as folic acid and vitamin B12, was shown to counteract the reduction in DNA methylation caused by bisphenol A. In addition, a constituent of soy products called genistein prevented an increased number of unhealthy offspring. Whether a similar diet might reverse epigenetic effects once they appear, however, is unknown and awaits experimental testing. Despite such uncertainties, this epigenetic mechanism clearly demonstrates how profoundly environment can affect gene expression and phenotype in a long-lasting way.
The causes of deaths in an industry-dense area: example of Dilovasi
It is known that being exposed to air pollution for a long time increases the risk of respiratory illnesses and respiratory system cancers (20). It has also been observed that the mortality rate related to lung cancer has increased due to air pollution caused by industry (21,22). According to the World Health Report 2004, 12.5% of the deaths in the world are caused by cancer (12).
……Approximately 30,000 chemicals are commonly used today in industry and less than 1% of these have been subjected to a detailed assessment in terms of their toxicity and health risks (24). Some pollutants, such as suspended particular matter, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide, are used for routine air quality monitoring.
…….It may be possible for the chemical pollutants to enter the human body via the food chain and by the pollutants in both air and water. ….
…………………………
Also see: Air quality and health
Fracking Company Cuts Off Clean Water Shipments to Community They Contaminated
Families in a northeastern Pennsylvania village with tainted water wells will have to procure their own water for the first time in nearly three years as a natural-gas driller blamed for polluting the aquifer moves ahead with its plan to stop paying for daily deliveries.
Fracking is now happening worldwide and it is a serious threat to the people and the environment as poison is pumped into the ground and the shallow quakes which accompany all cracking sites will facilliate the destruction of groundwater supplies ...
By 2030, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will claim 52 million or 80 per cent of all deaths. But mortality is merely the tip of the iceberg. Hundreds of millions more are living with disabling chronic illnesses that often leave them unable to work and participate fully in society, and many more will join their ranks.
……..W hile China’s factories crank out consumer goods for the planet, workers in these plants – who often toil in horrible conditions – are seeing their rates of respiratory illness and cancer soar.
…….the goal here is not to help people live forever. Rather, it is to stave off the ravages of illness and disability as long as possible to ensure a good life before a good death.
The only way to do that successfully is to invest in prevention, to invest in people, not diseases. Billions spent wisely today will save trillions tomorrow.
a health centered or focused society/economy ...is about the same as the Al Gore attempt to change the paradigm to a 'Carbon-tax adgenda.
Investment Opportunities: The Prevention Market
Most health consumers remain addicted to the idea of "cures" and magic bullets, but the Prevention Market is growing. Here are the "Big Three" investment areas to watch.
1. Food
Fresh, uncontaminated food is essential to good health - but difficult to find. ......
2. Water
Fresh, uncontaminated water is essential to good health - but increasingly difficult to find. .....
3. Air
Fresh, uncontaminated air is essential to good health - but increasingly difficult to find, .....