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The production of the flue gases according to the invention may take place by combustion in any type of combustion apparatus. Production may also take place by means of vehicles driven by fuels according to the invention, in particular by meansof aircraft, ships and motor vehicles. Production may also take place by means of devices which are constructed to exclusively serve this purpose.
A method for artificially modifying weather by seeding a rain cloud comprising:
forming an aqueous solidifier material capable of retaining over three hundred times its own weight in water, wherein said aqueous solidifier material is a cross-linked aqueous based polymer; dispersing said material into a suitable cloud formation, wherein the wind generated by the storm causes said solidifier to mix with rain to form a gel like substance;
said gel like substance being of sufficient weight to precipitate to the surface below thereby diminishing the velocity of the cloud.
Factors controlling the effect of cloud seeding were critically examined, and a new horizontal penetration seeding method using liquid homogeneous ice nucleants at the lower level of the supercooled portion of clouds was invented to maximize the microphysics-dynamics interaction between the seeded ice crystal thermal and the supercooled cloud through optimal utilization of the phase change energy. Cloud seeding tests showed a remarkable effect. This method allows the development of twin rotating horizontal cylinders of ice crystal thermal, which slowly rise, expand and entrain the supercooled cloud droplets to provide the supersaturated condition and time for the required growth of seeded ice crystals. When the thermal reaches the top of the cloud, it spreads horizontally while lowering the ice crystals of sufficiently large size and fall velocity resulting in an effective treatment of the existing and induced cloud volume for precipitation augmentation and the associated dynamic effect. The seeding method and apparatus for the operation are claimed.
Abstract: A method for precipitating atmospheric water by means of multicomponent aerosols, including iodide based complex multicomponent aerosol compositions. The compositions comprise a solid mass formed by a compacted mixture of silver iodide and the iodides, iodates, and periodates of alkali metals, lead, copper, barium; ammonia, barium chromate, and selected oxidizers such as ammonium perchlorate, and fuels such as poly-p-phenylene, phenol formaldehyde resin, epoxide resin, and shellac and mixtures thereof. The compositions, upon burning, produce an aerosol effective to promote atmospheric water precipitation.
A method of cloud seeding for precipitation enhancement, which method comprises the steps of:
burning, in a seeding flare, a pyrotechnic formulation which includes lithium carbonate (Li2 CO3) and, as an oxidizing agent, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of potassium chlorate (KClO3) and potassium perchlorate (KClO4), to produce hygroscopic seeding particles, which are released from said seeding flare; and allowing said hygroscopic seeding particles to enter a suitable cloud formation wherein said hygroscopic seeding particles act as nuclei for precipitable water drop formation, thereby enhancing precipitation from said cloud formation.
This invention is a process for absorbing ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere by dispersing melanin, its analogs, or derivatives into the atmosphere. By appropriate choice of melanin composition, size of melanin dispersoids, and their concentration, the melanin will absorb some quantity of ultraviolet radiation and thereby lessen its overall effect on the critters who would normally absorb such radiation.
A fluid ejector for discharging gases and fluids from an aircraft. The fluid ejector is fastened to an exterior surface of the aircraft and includes an air tube which is spaced apart from the exterior surface of the aircraft by a mast. Unwanted fluids and gases are evacuated from the aircraft through a conduit located inside the drain mast and are expelled from an outlet located in the side of the air tube. In this manner, the liquid or gases present at the outlet are discharged in a rearward direction away from the downstream portion of the aircraft by the airstream through the tube.
An aerosol generator is described which is capable of producing a monodisperse aerosol within narrow limits utilizing an aqueous solution capable of providing a high population of seed nuclei and an organic solution having a low vapor pressure. The two solutions are cold nebulized, mixed, vaporized, and cooled. During cooling, particles of the organic vapor condense onto the excess seed nuclei, and grow to a uniform particle size.
An aerosol generator is described which is capable of producing a monodisperse aerosol within narrow limits utilizing an aqueous solution capable of providing a high population of seed nuclei and an organic solution having a low vapor pressure. The two solutions are cold nebulized, mixed, vaporized, and cooled. During cooling, particles of the organic vapor condense onto the excess seed nuclei, and grow to a uniform particle size.
A method and apparatus altering a region of plasma that lies above the earth's surface at altitudes (e.g. below 50 kilometer) where the collison rate of the electrons in the plasma is originally greater than the cyclotron frequency of the electrons. First, artificial magnetic lines of force are established from the earth's surface by positioning a loop of cable at the earth's surface. An electrical current of sufficient amperage is passed through the cable which inherently generates the artificial magnetic field from the center of the loop. The field strength B on the artificial lines in the region of plasma to be altered is sufficient to increase the cyclotron frequency of the electrons in the plasma so that it will exceed the rate of collosion of the electrons. The plasma is then excited by electron cyclotron resonance heating to thereby further alter the plasma by transmitting circularly polarized electromagnetic radiation upward in a direction substantially parallel to and along the artificial field lines.
A method of defending against a warfare cloud of toxic aerosol utilizes a charged defensive aerosol which is sprayed into the cloud. The defensive aerosol is made of a defensive agent which may be chemically or biologically active. The agent is sprayed through charged nozzles to impart a charge to the aerosol. The charge should be at least several thousands of volts with respect to ground so that particles of the defensive aerosol combine and coagulate with particles of the toxic aerosol to neutralize and cause rapid settling of the warfare cloud.
This invention relates to pyrotechnic compositions capable of generating aerosols. More particularly, this invention relates to combustible compositions comprising an alkali earth metal and a halide supplying compound. Finally, this invention relates to the disruption of a thermal inversion by combining the heats of hydration, condensation and combustion resulting from the ignition of a pyrotechnic composition which produces an alkali earth halide aerosol having a high heat of hydration.
The weather near a continental arid zone is modified by increasing the heat storage of the seas westwardly of the arid zone during the summer. The heat storage is increased by mixing the relatively warmer surface water with relatively cooler deeper water thereby reducing the surface temperature of the seas during the summer. Cooling the surface of the water will increase the radiant heat flux due to solar radiation and decrease the radiant heat loss from the surface during the summer thus increasing the amount of heat stored in the water an available for evaporation during the winter. Mixing is achieved by pumping water from a lower level in the seas to the upper level. In one embodiment of the invention, normal wave motion provides the mode of power for the pumping operation. In another embodiment, mixing is achieved by a paddle that is operated by wave motion.
A laminar microjet atomizer and method of aerial spraying involve the use of a streamlined body having a slot in the trailing edge thereof to afford a quiescent zone within the wing and into which liquid for spraying is introduced. The liquid flows from a source through a small diameter orifice having a discharge end disposed in the quiet zone well upstream of the trailing edge. The liquid released into the quiet zone in the slot forms drops characteristic of laminar flow. Those drops then flow from the slot at the trailing edge of the streamlined body and discharge into the slipstream for free distribution.
The Atmosphere Modification Satellite is intended to be the beginning of a possible world-wide network of satellites designed to improve Earth through application of techniques and monitoring resulting in atmosphere modification. Energy sources of said satellite consist of: solar, electrical, energy particle beam(s), laser and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). At proper plane(s) of orbit, the satellite is capable of identifying target areas and administering "M-Probes" to monitor, sample and/or modify the atmosphere. There is no limit to the number of types of atmosphere modification the satellite will perform
A process for artificially modifying atmospheric precipitation wherein a liquid composition containing dimethyl sulfoxide as the principal ingredient is dispersed into the atmosphere from a container in microdroplet form having an average diameter ranging from 1 to 10 microns.
A method and apparatus is provided for production of ice nuclei by generation of homogenous nuclei in nozzle or orifice expansions. The homogeneous nuclei are formed in the rapid cooling of vapors by rapid expansion through a supersonic nozzle or an orifice. These nuclei then serve as seeding materials for formation of ice.
There is disclosed method and apparatus for triggering a substantial change in ionospheric characteristics of the earth and measuring certain selected characteristics of the earth. Substantial energetic particle precipitation is triggered through injection of low energy ionized gas, such as hydrogen, in the region of large fluxes of energetic particles in or near the magnetic equator. The loss process is known to occur naturally but a triggered change is achieved through injection of larger amounts of low-energy ionized gas than are naturally present, preferably in the cusp region, which usually extends inside the synchronous orbit for several hours about local midnight.
A pyrotechnic formulation for use in weather modification comprising a fuel nd an oxidizer and a mixture of a metal iodate and an alkali iodate. Upon combustion metal iodide and alkali iodide are generated as mixtures and complexes which show ice nuclei activity at from -5° to -20° C. depending on the molar range of metal iodide to alkali iodide.
A system for high frequency ionospheric radio communication utilizing traitting and receiving antenna polarizations which are adjusted to take into account specific properties of the ionospheric medium and comprising two sets of transmitters, receivers and antennas that send and receive polarized waves. Two channels of information can be received at a single RF transmitted frequency. An RF exciter circuit provides the excitation to two mixers each of which is driven by two signal sources. The outputs of the mixers are then amplified to drive the antennas.
A fog and cloud seeding method and agent utilizing microencapsulation techniques whereby controlled seeding particle size for both dry initial particles and particles dispensed as solution droplets provides for the production and maintenance of a predetermined particle spectrum when using hygroscopic chemical compounds which are fragile, brittle or friable in crystalline structure. A hygroscopic chemical agent to be utilized in cloud or fog seeding is provided with a liquid permeable capsule shell such that optimization of particle size for improved seeding results is obtained.
The present invention provides a method for producing rain or snow from natural atmospheric clouds using seeding agents characterized by a high solubility in water and a large endothermic heat of solution in water. Typical examples of materials suitable for use in practicing this invention are urea, potassium nitrate, potassium nitrite, and ammonium nitrate. Laboratory experiments have shown urea to be effective in producing ice crystals in a vapor cloud having a temperature as high as +6° C. In field experiments, urea has been observed to cause snow showers in supercooled clouds.
Originally posted by dplum517
But surely you see that for the better part of a century people have been Researching & Developing these types of technologies to spray particles into the air for whatever purpose.
The method of claim 1 wherein said particles are dispersed by seeding the stratosphere with a quantity of said particles at altitudes in the range of seven to thirteen kilometers above the earth's surface.
Originally posted by dplum517
There is a gap because the plane is traveling at 500mph or more.