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this inflation was caused by the spontaneous collapse of the vacuum within the initial universe (which could have been infinite in size...infinite and completely empty)
Nonetheless, the theory of inflation is not the final word in cosmology, for at least three reasons. First, although inflation describes the universe at an extraordinarily early moment in time, it does not explain the actual origin of the universe—time zero. Second, inflation is not a unique theory, but rather a class of theories. Most of the versions present the same basic scenario of the early universe, but they differ in their details. There was still much work to be done in 1997 to determine which version of the theory, if any, is correct. And third, though inflation is a persuasive theory, decisive tests of its predictions were still needed.