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Peer Review is flawed. How good is published academic research?
Originally posted by xxsomexpersonxx
Scientific, peer review journals, are also great. Fallacious support for anything tends to be filtered out, so you can take what's being said as serious. Only if it's peer reviewed though.
The unspoken rule is that at least 50% of the studies published even in top tier academic journals – Science, Nature, Cell, PNAS, etc… – can’t be repeated with the same conclusions by an industrial lab. In particular, key animal models often don’t reproduce.
A first-of-a-kind analysis of Bayer’s internal efforts to validate ‘new drug target’ claims now not only supports this view but suggests that 50% may be an underestimate; the company’s in-house experimental data do not match literature claims in 65% of target-validation projects, leading to project discontinuation.
Only positive findings are typically published, not negative ones. This pressure creates a huge conflict of interest for academics, and a strong bias to write papers that support the hypotheses included in grant applications and prior publications.
Originally posted by CantSay
reply to post by xxsomexpersonxx
Peer-review does not mean verification. Verification means verification, and you can publish without verification otherwise scientific journals would be very slim. Publishing invokes verification by other groups. Peer-review in journals only review the content of the paper to see if it follows their own preselected guidelines and beliefs (which is not scientific).
Originally posted by xxsomexpersonxx
Originally posted by CantSay
reply to post by xxsomexpersonxx
Peer-review does not mean verification. Verification means verification, and you can publish without verification otherwise scientific journals would be very slim. Publishing invokes verification by other groups. Peer-review in journals only review the content of the paper to see if it follows their own preselected guidelines and beliefs (which is not scientific).
This is quite untrue. If it were true, the views of the scientific community would never change because the existing belief would take out the new revelations. Though, the process is admittedly sometimes slow when a new idea is radical.
Also, supposing that were true, why couldn't a scientist with irrefutable evidences supporting intelligent design manage to sway other scientists beliefs with it, so it would be in accord with their beliefs and guidelines. Refutable, unconvincing evidence that peer review would take out, could still sound convincing to an uneducated common man, but if there were true evidence supporting it, it would convince fellow scientists.
I'd drop some links explaining the peer review process, and how it is far more objective and reliable than some people propose, but It's late. I also already said that what I meant as advice wasn't suppose to turn into a debate topic. So how about we leave it to the Original Poster to, if he's even interested, decide on what he thinks of peer review from his own study? Fair enough?
Originally posted by kokoro
reply to post by CantSay
1. Its not about Darwin Vs God , the theory of evolution by natural selection does not comment God one way or the other because its not relevant to the theory. It only comments on how life has evolved on this planet , not how it started and a scientific theory cannot include things that cannot be observed and recorded.
2. Intelligent design and creationism are not theories. They have no factual, recordable, observed scientific peer reviewed evidence. None.
3. Did aliens seed the planet? Well first you'd have to prove that aliens exist for that to be a valid theory otherwise your theory would be based on a rather large assumption.
I agree with number #2, but disagree with the definition of theory. A theory has to be logical in order to explain an observable, but in the case of evolution or intelligent design all observables are many steps removed from the logic of the theories. What I mean, for example, humans are said to have evolved from apes, but we weren't there to see this actually happen so we fill in this gap to support an assumed observable conclusion with logically deduced ideas that need to be tested. As much as I agree that evolution if not a theory by current defined standards, it has logical merit!! And so does intelligent design! Therefore perhaps the definition of theory has to be revised to include such works under the scientific umbrella - works that need verification but are logically possible.
Originally posted by john_bmth
reply to post by CantSay
Congratulation, you have absolutely no understanding of the peer-review process! It amazes me how people can just talk out of their *** and act as if they know what they're talking about.
Originally posted by iterationzero
reply to post by CantSay
I agree with number #2, but disagree with the definition of theory. A theory has to be logical in order to explain an observable, but in the case of evolution or intelligent design all observables are many steps removed from the logic of the theories. What I mean, for example, humans are said to have evolved from apes, but we weren't there to see this actually happen so we fill in this gap to support an assumed observable conclusion with logically deduced ideas that need to be tested. As much as I agree that evolution if not a theory by current defined standards, it has logical merit!! And so does intelligent design! Therefore perhaps the definition of theory has to be revised to include such works under the scientific umbrella - works that need verification but are logically possible.
But one of the ways that a scientific theory can be tested is by the predictions that it makes. For example, if the theory of evolution is correct in its implication of common ancestry, it predicts that there should be some observable genetic explanation for why we're the only members of Hominidae that only have 46 chromosomes. And, sure enough, after that prediction was made, we found that human chromosome 2 has two centromeres and telomere regions, usually only found at the ends of chromosomes, in the middle of the chromosome -- just like if two chromosomes had fused together. And, sure enough, if you look a the chimp genome, our closest living relative, almost identical sequences to those found in human chromosome 2 are found in chimp chromosomes 2a and 2b. Evidence for evolution.
The problem with creationism and intelligent design (creationism 2.0) is that any predictions they claim to have made have either been after the fact, and therefore fall into the category of post hoc rationalizations, or are identical to those predicted by evolution.
I agree the chromosomes in humans and chimps have similarities which is why I believe in evolution. But even with that observable we are taking a leap of faith to conclude that it was only evolution that bridges the gap between humans and chimps.
For example, and I'm going out on a crazy limb here, what if intelligent aliens came to Earth and generically modified a chimp into a human? What if that was the actual truth.
Science would have no clue that an intelligent alien species designed the leap between apes to human.
Why because there is a disposition by most in the scientific community that all circumstantial evidence in the DNA between apes and humans must have been without any external interference from anything intelligent…
…because we assume, or have assumed, that we are the only intelligence in the Universe. Science has not proved that aliens exist yet, but we can't deny that they do or do not.
It is an unknown and a possibility, therefore alien intervention of animals on this planet is also an unknown and a possibility.
Science is not about absolutism, it is about possibilities. Belief is about absolutism. There is a clear distinction and we have to watch out for innate assumptions that are rooted in absolutism because they're not science and can influence our scientific minds.
Originally posted by iterationzero
reply to post by CantSay
I agree the chromosomes in humans and chimps have similarities which is why I believe in evolution. But even with that observable we are taking a leap of faith to conclude that it was only evolution that bridges the gap between humans and chimps.
No, we’re commenting on what’s observable. If there’s a gap, science says, “We don’t know. We can conjecture this, this, or this. But we don’t know. Not until we find some evidence.”
Originally posted by iterationzero
reply to post by CantSay
For example, and I'm going out on a crazy limb here, what if intelligent aliens came to Earth and generically modified a chimp into a human? What if that was the actual truth.
And the first step to making that a scientific explanation would be to objectively show that the aliens exist.
Originally posted by iterationzero
reply to post by CantSay
Science would have no clue that an intelligent alien species designed the leap between apes to human.
What we’re really getting into here is parsimony. We have a scientific theory based on natural processes that makes certain predictions which can be tested. Then we have a hypothesis that makes the same predictions but claims a combination of the same natural process as the theory of evolution along with some external guiding intelligence. But we don’t have any objective evidence for that intelligence.
Originally posted by iterationzero
reply to post by CantSay
Why because there is a disposition by most in the scientific community that all circumstantial evidence in the DNA between apes and humans must have been without any external interference from anything intelligent…
Correct.