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I am pleased to see a spirit of inquiry burst the band of constraint upon the subject of the NEW PLAN for consolidating the governments of the United States, as recommended by the late Convention.
If it is suitable to the GENIUS and HABITS of the citizens of these states, it will bear the strictest scrutiny. The PEOPLE are the grand inquest who have a RIGHT to judge of its merits. The hideous daemon of Aristocracy has hitherto had so much influence as to bar the channels of investigation, preclude the people from inquiry and extinguish every spark of liberal information of its qualities. At length the luminary of intelligence begins to beam its effulgent rays upon this important production; the deceptive mists cast before the eyes of the people by the delusive machinations of its INTERESTED advocates begins to dissipate, as darkness flies before the burning taper; and I dare venture to predict, that in spite of those mercenary dectaimers, the plan will have a candid and complete examination.
Those furious zealots who are for cramming it down the throats of the people, without allowing them either time or opportunity to scan or weigh it in the balance of their understandings, bear the same marks in their features as those who have been long wishing to erect an aristocracy in THIS COMMONWEALTH [of Massachusetts].
Their menacing cry is for a RIGID government, it matters little to them of what kind, provided it answers THAT description. As the plan now offered comes something near their wishes, and is the most consonant to their views of any they can hope for, they come boldly forward and DEMAND its adoption.
They brand with infamy every man who is not as determined and zealous in its favor as themselves.
They cry aloud the whole must be swallowed or none at all, thinking thereby to preclude any amendment; they are afraid of having it abated of its present RIGID aspect.
They have strived to overawe or seduce printers to stifle and obstruct a free discussion, and have endeavored to hasten it to a decision before the people can duty reflect upon its properties. In order to deceive them, they incessantly declare that none can discover any defect in the system but bankrupts who wish no government, and officers of the present government who fear to lose a part of their power.
These zealous partisans may injure their own cause, and endanger the public tranquility by impeding a proper inquiry; the people may suspect the WHOLE to be a dangerous plan, from such COVERED and DESIGNING schemes to enforce it upon them. Compulsive or treacherous measures to establish any government whatever, will always excite jealousy among a free people: better remain single and alone, than blindly adopt whatever a few individuals shall demand, be they ever so wise. I had rather be a free citizen of the small republic of Massachusetts, than an oppressed subject of the great American empire. Let all act understandingly or not at all. If we can confederate upon terms that wilt secure to us our liberties, it is an object highly desirable, because of its additional security to the whole. If the proposed plan proves such an one, I hope it will be adopted, but if it will endanger our liberties as it stands, let it be amended; in order to which it must and ought to be open to inspection and free inquiry.
The inundation of abuse that has been thrown out upon the heads of those who have had any doubts of its universal good qualities, have been so redundant, that it may not be improper to scan the characters of its most strenuous advocates. It will first be allowed that many undesigning citizens may wish its adoption from the best motives, but these are modest and silent, when compared to the greater number, who endeavor to suppress all attempts for investigation. These violent partisans are for having the people gulp down the gilded pill blindfolded, whole, and without any qualification whatever. These consist generally, of the NOBLE order of C[incinnatu]s, holders of public securities, men of great wealth and expectations of public office, B[an]k[er]s and L[aw]y[er]s: these with their train of dependents form the Aristocratick combination.
The Lawyers in particular, keep up an incessant declamation for its adoption; like greedy gudgeons they long to satiate their voracious stomachs with the golden bait. The numerous tribunals to be erected by the new plan of consolidated empire, will find employment for ten times their present numbers; these are the LOAVES AND FISHES for which they hunger. They will probably find it suited to THEIR HABITS, if not to the HABITS OF THE PEOPLE. There may be reasons for having but few of them in the State Convention, lest THEIR '0@' INTEREST should be too strongly considered. The time draws near for the choice of Delegates. I hope my fellow-citizens will look well to the characters of their preference, and remember the Old Patriots of 75; they have never led them astray, nor need they fear to try them on this momentous occasion.
The experiment clearly showed that 65 percent would obey authority if required , giving an alternative explanation to the phenomenon of concentration camps . Rather than sadism , the experiment shows , most people are simply obedient when the appropriate stress factors are applied . This experiment , naturally , had a variety of interesting consequences , both for psychology and the study of the later social reaction to the experiment itself . The ‘legend ‘ told to the participants of the experiment was that the scientists were studying the effect of punishment on learning . The subject had to deliver an electric shock when an actor who was playing the role of the learner answered a question incorrectly . Naturally , no real shocks were given . As time passed , the subject was ordered to give progressively “stronger ‘ punishment shocks . Most of the subjects eventually delivered what they thought were high-intensity , potentially lethal shocks in spite of serious distress on the part of the person who was playing the role of the learner . The result also gave interesting variations : many more people stopped earlier when the main scientist was not present in the room and gave his orders by voice , without the use of facial expression when two experimenters who gave conflicting orders were present , the subject halted the instant conflicts in authority began when another “teacher ‘ was present , and started protesting ,most joined into the protest and , finally , if the test subject was not ordered to inflict the pain , but merely to read the words , 37 out of 40 people assumed an instrumental role , and passively watched the scientist inflict pain (Milgram , 1963 . As the Milgram experiment clearly demonstrates , most people will react positively to having authority taken from them . After giving consent ,most will protest weakly , passively . The test subject known as Prozi ,for instance , voiced his complaints , but at being told firmly that the experiment was a necessity , continued to go on (Milgram , 1963 . Despite the fact that , once explained what the experiment was , many people experienced regret , still , quite a few people trusted authority .