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The use of propaganda has been an integral part of human history and can be traced back to ancient Greece for its philosophical and theoretical origins. Used effectively by Alexander the Great, the Roman Empire, and the early Christians, propaganda became an integral part of the religious conflicts of the Reformation. The invention of the printing press was quickly adopted by Martin Luther in his fight against the Catholic Church and provided the ideal medium for the widespread use of propagandistic materials. Each new medium of communication was quickly adopted for use by propagandists, especially during the American and French revolutions and later by Napoleon. By the end of the 19th century, improvements in the size and speed of the mass media had greatly increased the sophistication and effectiveness of propaganda.
The use of propaganda as a means of controlling information flow, managing public opinion, or manipulating behavior is as old as recorded history. The concept of persuasion is an integral part of human nature, and the use of specific techniques to bring about large-scale shifts in ideas can be traced back to the ancient world. Many artifacts from prehistory and from earliest civilizations provide us with evidence that attempts were being made to use the equivalent of modern-day propaganda techniques to communicate the purported majesty and supernatural powers of rulers and priests. In a largely preliterate age, dazzling costumes, insignia, and monuments were deliberately created symbols designed to evoke a specific image of superiority and power that these early propagandists wished to convey to their audience.
The history of propaganda is based on three interweaving elements: first, the increasing need, with the growth of civilization and the rise of nationstates, to win what has been called “the battle for people’s minds”; second, the increasing sophistication of the means of communication available to deliver propagandistic messages; and third, the increasing understanding of the psychology of propaganda and the commensurate application of such behavioral findings. Throughout history, these three elements have been combined in various ways to enhance and encourage the use of propaganda as a means of altering attitudes and for the creation of new ideas or perspectives. Only in comparatively modern times, however, have scholars and scientists begun to understand and assess the role of such mass propaganda techniques as an aspect of the social process.
The history of propaganda does not develop as a clear linear progression, but certain significant historical benchmarks are worth examining as illustrations of how propaganda has been used at different times. In each case, those wishing to control or manage others (the propagandists) have made maximum and intelligent use of the forms of communication (the media) available to them while also accurately gauging the psychological susceptibility of their audiences so that their messages could be tailored to ensure the best possible reception. The successful propagandist is able to discern the basic beliefs, needs, or fears of the audience and to play upon those.
“American propaganda had its birth, so far as I can tell, in the advertising industry. The pioneers of advertising—a truly loathsome bunch—learned early on that people would respond to purely emotional appeals. Abstract theory and logical argument do nothing to spur sales. However, appeals to sexiness, to pride of ownership, to fear of falling behind the neighbors are the stock in trade of advertising executives. A man walking down the street with beautiful women hanging on his arms is not a logical argument, but it sure sells after-shave. A woman in a business suit with a briefcase, strolling along with swaying hips, assuring us she can "bring home the bacon, fry it up in a pan, but never let you forget you’re a man" really sells the perfume.
Let’s take a moment and analyze the particular emotions that this execrable ad appealed to. If you guessed fear, you win the prize. Women often have a fear of inadequacy, particularly in this confused age when they are expected to raise brilliant kids, run a successful business, and be unfailingly sexy, all the time. That silly goal—foisted upon us by feminists and popular culture—is impossible to reach. But maybe there’s hope if you buy the right perfume!
Arguments from intimidation and appeals to fear are powerful propaganda tool.
American advertising and propaganda has been refined over the years into a malevolent science, based on the assumption that most people react, not to ideas, but to naked emotion. When I worked at an ad agency many years ago, I learned that the successful agencies know how to appeal to emotions: the stronger and baser, the better. The seven deadly sins, ad agency wags often say, are the key to selling products. Fear, envy, greed, hatred, and lust: these are the basic tools for good propaganda and effective advertising. By far, the most powerful motivating emotion—the top, most-sought-after copy writers will tell you, in an unguarded moment—is fear, followed closely by greed.”
“Campaigns with purely emotional content performed about twice as well (31% vs. 16%) with only rational content, and those that were purely emotional did a little better (31% vs 26%) those that mixed emotional and rational content.”
“ THE conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country.
We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of. This is a logical result of the way in which our democratic society is organized. Vast numbers of human beings must cooperate in this manner if they are to live together as a smoothly functioning society.”
“To-day, however, a reaction has set in. The minority has discovered a powerful help in influencing majorities. It has been found possible so to mold the mind of the masses that they will throw their newly gained strength in the desired direction. In the present structure of society, this practice is inevitable. Whatever of social importance is done to-day, whether in politics, finance, manufacture, agriculture, charity, education, or other fields, must be done with the help of propaganda. Propaganda is the executive arm of the invisible government”
“Hitler learned to admire American propaganda through a young American expatriate who described to him, in glowing detail, how Americans enjoyed the atmosphere at football games. This American expatriate, with the memorable name of Ernst "Putzi" Hanfstängl, told the Führer how Americans could be whipped up into a frenzy through blaring music, group cheers, and chants against the enemy.”
Originally posted by Griffo
What would you do, give people what they want, or be homeless?
The first step in gaining your freedom is to turn off the TeeVee; the next step is to use your newspapers to start your fires and wrap your fish.
Originally posted by hooper
reply to post by Yankee451
The first step in gaining your freedom is to turn off the TeeVee; the next step is to use your newspapers to start your fires and wrap your fish.
And the third, and most important step, is to disconnect your internet connection. The temple of misinformation. By comparison the televsion, radio and print media are rank amateurs.
Originally posted by hooper
reply to post by Yankee451
And the third, and most important step, is to disconnect your internet connection. The temple of misinformation. By comparison the televsion, radio and print media are rank amateurs.
The first step in gaining your freedom is to turn off the TeeVee; the next step is to use your newspapers to start your fires and wrap your fish.
Originally posted by Yankee451
Originally posted by hooper
reply to post by Yankee451
The first step in gaining your freedom is to turn off the TeeVee; the next step is to use your newspapers to start your fires and wrap your fish.
And the third, and most important step, is to disconnect your internet connection. The temple of misinformation. By comparison the televsion, radio and print media are rank amateurs.
You first.
Originally posted by emptyOmind
reply to post by Yankee451
i studied mass communication technology for my bachelors and now i work in the mass comm field. whilst i don't know everything, one thing that i can tell you for sure, is that news is a business first and foremost, it's designed to make money. as most of you know, peace doesn't get high ratings, people are all about death and destruction. maybe that's unpleasant to think about but it's true, the rating's don't lie. think about yourselves and when you are watching the news most.
Originally posted by Griffo
reply to post by Yankee451
I know it would probably be the 'honourable' thing to do, but imagine if you had a family to support as well. You couldn't do that to themedit on 16/4/2011 by Griffo because: (no reason given)
Once One starts down the rabbit holeit gets harder and harder to catch hold of something to check One's fall. [smile]
Originally posted by hooper
reply to post by Yankee451
The first step in gaining your freedom is to turn off the TeeVee; the next step is to use your newspapers to start your fires and wrap your fish.
And the third, and most important step, is to disconnect your internet connection. The temple of misinformation. By comparison the televsion, radio and print media are rank amateurs.
Originally posted by emptyOmind
reply to post by Yankee451
i studied mass communication technology for my bachelors and now i work in the mass comm field. whilst i don't know everything, one thing that i can tell you for sure, is that news is a business first and foremost, it's designed to make money. as most of you know, peace doesn't get high ratings, people are all about death and destruction. maybe that's unpleasant to think about but it's true, the rating's don't lie. think about yourselves and when you are watching the news most.
Originally posted by Amaterasu
Originally posted by hooper
reply to post by Yankee451
The first step in gaining your freedom is to turn off the TeeVee; the next step is to use your newspapers to start your fires and wrap your fish.
And the third, and most important step, is to disconnect your internet connection. The temple of misinformation. By comparison the televsion, radio and print media are rank amateurs.
But hooooooper. The TV is ENTIRELY controlled. They're struggling to get hold of the Interweb, and flood it with disinfo so people like you can point to it, but One has a MUCH higher chance of encountering the truth HERE than on TV.
But if YOU want to remove yourself from the Interweb... Heh. I won't beg you to stay. [smile]
Originally posted by Yankee451
Originally posted by emptyOmind
reply to post by Yankee451
i studied mass communication technology for my bachelors and now i work in the mass comm field. whilst i don't know everything, one thing that i can tell you for sure, is that news is a business first and foremost, it's designed to make money. as most of you know, peace doesn't get high ratings, people are all about death and destruction. maybe that's unpleasant to think about but it's true, the rating's don't lie. think about yourselves and when you are watching the news most.
Who taught you? Education and entertainment aren't free, and propaganda takes many forms.
The "Magic Bullet Theory" (or "Hypodermic Needle Theory") holds that media broadcasts directly shape the opinions and actions of viewers. According to this theory, information is "fired" or "injected" directly into the viewer, and then guides their actions.
Originally posted by hooper
Originally posted by emptyOmind
reply to post by Yankee451
i studied mass communication technology for my bachelors and now i work in the mass comm field. whilst i don't know everything, one thing that i can tell you for sure, is that news is a business first and foremost, it's designed to make money. as most of you know, peace doesn't get high ratings, people are all about death and destruction. maybe that's unpleasant to think about but it's true, the rating's don't lie. think about yourselves and when you are watching the news most.
If you studied mass communications then you know that until recently most news organizations in the electronic media were not profit centers, most lost money. So the implication that somehow or another that the media conspires to start wars in order to gain ratings just somehow doesn't ring true. Murders and violent crimes also make ratings, but do you really think the media inspires or manipulates people to commit crimes just so they can marginally increase ratings? Natural disasters, famine and disease also get their share of headlines, are we to believe that all human tragedy is scripted by invisible forces?
Not to mention that for all the money that there may be in war and conflict for both those that report on it and those that profit from it, it pales in economic comparison to benefits of peace time consumption. For all the money General Motors made during WWII building tanks, jeeps, trucks, and whatever other war products they turned out, it was just a shadow of the money they made selling Buicks and Chevys to the veterans for the next twenty years.
Yellow journalism, also known as the "Yellow Press", is a type of journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers. Sometimes it deceives the audience it is intended for.
Refers to sensational stories and "scare" headlines.