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Through a co-operation agreement signed between Gaz de France and Vattenfall, the CO2 captured at Schwarze Pumpe will be used for enhanced gas recovery and storage at Europe's second largest onshore gas field, Altmark, during a three-year trial period. CO2 will be injected at depths of 3000m, and methods will be investigated for extending the natural lifetime of a gas field combined with permanent CO2 storage.
The 30MW pilot plant will provide the technical basis for the construction of much larger 200 -300MW demonstration power plant to be constructed by 2015.
What is oxy-combustion?
Oxy-fuel firing represents one of several methods available to capture CO2 from power plants.
Research and testing of oxy-fuel applications are being pursued by European and US suppliers in collaboration with utilities, academia, the US Department of Energy and the European Union.
Based on economic studies of a range of CO2 mitigation technologies, oxy-fuel firing is competitive compared to other pre-combustion and post-combustion technologies.
Oxy-fuel firing technology is a process in which fuel is burned in a mixture of high purity oxygen ([s40]95 per cent by volume) and recirculated flue gas, essentially eliminating the presence of atmospheric nitrogen in the flue gas. The resulting flue gas contains primarily CO2 and water vapour, along with small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and gases like SO2 and NOx.
This resulting flue gas can be processed relatively easily (through rectification or distillation) to enrich the CO2 content in the product gas to more than 99 per cent purity. The CO2 can then be used for industrial applications such as enhanced oil or gas recovery (EOR or EGR).
Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant and has significant impacts upon human health. In addition the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere can influence the habitat suitability for plant communities as well as animal life.[10] Sulfur dioxide emissions are a precursor to acid rain and atmospheric particulates.
NOx reacts with ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form nitric acid vapor and related particles.
Small particles can penetrate deeply into sensitive lung tissue and damage it, causing premature death in extreme cases. Inhalation of such particles may cause or worsen respiratory diseases such as emphysema, bronchitis it may also aggravate existing heart disease.
NOx reacts with volatile organic compounds in the presence sunlight to form Ozone. Ozone can cause adverse effects such as damage to lung tissue and reduction in lung function mostly in susceptible populations (children, elderly, asthmatics). Ozone can be transported by wind currents and cause health impacts far from the original sources. The American Lung Association estimates that nearly 50 percent of United States inhabitants live in counties that are not in ozone compliance.
NOx destroys ozone in the stratosphere.Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth. NOx from combustion sources does not reach the stratosphere; instead, NOx is formed in the stratosphere from photolysis of nitrous oxide.
NOx also readily reacts with common organic chemicals, and even ozone, to form a wide variety of toxic products: nitroarenes, nitrosamines and also the nitrate radical some of which may cause biological mutations. Recently another pathway, via NOx, to ozone has been found that predominantly occurs in coastal areas via formation of nitryl chloride when NOx comes into contact with salt mist.
Originally posted by ManBehindTheMask
If this were true, then other fish would be dead as well, from feeding on the fish that were contaminated....
Food chain..........remember
Originally posted by gwydionblack
I commend the research, but I think the big question has to be asked as to how long this plant has been at said location, as well as how long it has been active.
If this is a recent addition, sure, I could see it being related. However, if the plant has been running for years doing the same process, I daresay we would have seen a similar situation prior to this weeks kill offs.
Additionally, unless the toxins that are emitted are able to travel around the world in a short period of time, we are to believe that the occurrence of so many bird and fish kill offs around the world is merely coincidence. As of this point, I believe we have passed the point of "coincidence."
Stephens said fish kills occur every year, but the size of the latest one is unusual, and suggested some sort of disease was to blame.
"The fish kill only affected one species of fish," he said. "If it was from a pollutant, it would have affected all of the fish, not just drum fish."
Biologists believe the bird deaths were stress-related from either fireworks or weather and are unrelated to the fish kill near Ozark, Stephens said.
Originally posted by ManBehindTheMask
If this were true, then other fish would be dead as well, from feeding on the fish that were contaminated....
Food chain..........remember
Originally posted by HunkaHunka
Originally posted by ManBehindTheMask
If this were true, then other fish would be dead as well, from feeding on the fish that were contaminated....
Food chain..........remember
Nope because they washed up... fish cant jump out and eat them... and they prolly didnt die until they got close to land..
But yes.. that's why the birds died... because of the food chain you mentioned
Originally posted by SLAYER69
reply to post by ManBehindTheMask
Well that's true but I think this thread is off to a good start. Any fact finding investigation begins with a theory and a question.
Why........