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Through a co-operation agreement signed between Gaz de France and Vattenfall, the CO2 captured at Schwarze Pumpe will be used for enhanced gas recovery and storage at Europe's second largest onshore gas field, Altmark, during a three-year trial period. CO2 will be injected at depths of 3000m, and methods will be investigated for extending the natural lifetime of a gas field combined with permanent CO2 storage.
The 30MW pilot plant will provide the technical basis for the construction of much larger 200 -300MW demonstration power plant to be constructed by 2015.
What is oxy-combustion?
Oxy-fuel firing represents one of several methods available to capture CO2 from power plants.
Research and testing of oxy-fuel applications are being pursued by European and US suppliers in collaboration with utilities, academia, the US Department of Energy and the European Union.
Based on economic studies of a range of CO2 mitigation technologies, oxy-fuel firing is competitive compared to other pre-combustion and post-combustion technologies.
Oxy-fuel firing technology is a process in which fuel is burned in a mixture of high purity oxygen ([s40]95 per cent by volume) and recirculated flue gas, essentially eliminating the presence of atmospheric nitrogen in the flue gas. The resulting flue gas contains primarily CO2 and water vapour, along with small amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and gases like SO2 and NOx.
This resulting flue gas can be processed relatively easily (through rectification or distillation) to enrich the CO2 content in the product gas to more than 99 per cent purity. The CO2 can then be used for industrial applications such as enhanced oil or gas recovery (EOR or EGR).
Sulfur dioxide is a major air pollutant and has significant impacts upon human health. In addition the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere can influence the habitat suitability for plant communities as well as animal life.[10] Sulfur dioxide emissions are a precursor to acid rain and atmospheric particulates.
NOx reacts with ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form nitric acid vapor and related particles.
Small particles can penetrate deeply into sensitive lung tissue and damage it, causing premature death in extreme cases. Inhalation of such particles may cause or worsen respiratory diseases such as emphysema, bronchitis it may also aggravate existing heart disease.
NOx reacts with volatile organic compounds in the presence sunlight to form Ozone. Ozone can cause adverse effects such as damage to lung tissue and reduction in lung function mostly in susceptible populations (children, elderly, asthmatics). Ozone can be transported by wind currents and cause health impacts far from the original sources. The American Lung Association estimates that nearly 50 percent of United States inhabitants live in counties that are not in ozone compliance.
NOx destroys ozone in the stratosphere.Ozone in the stratosphere absorbs ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to life on earth. NOx from combustion sources does not reach the stratosphere; instead, NOx is formed in the stratosphere from photolysis of nitrous oxide.
NOx also readily reacts with common organic chemicals, and even ozone, to form a wide variety of toxic products: nitroarenes, nitrosamines and also the nitrate radical some of which may cause biological mutations. Recently another pathway, via NOx, to ozone has been found that predominantly occurs in coastal areas via formation of nitryl chloride when NOx comes into contact with salt mist.
This actually does happen often. Actually, 1000's of fish died last year because of the cold, and the year before, and the year before that. It was reported, and it was predicted this year as well. It is so normal that they didn't even feel the need to report most of it.
The only difference is that social networking websites are more popular now, and all it takes is one fearful post on these sites in order to get everyones attention and they start noticing stuff that has been happening for years, and spread more fear because they think it is "happening more", when in reality it has always happened.
Yeah, strange weather maybe..
The truth is, you fearful panicky people are the ones with your head in the sand. You get spooked by events and you bury your head in the sand in fear, and you don't even try to find the truth of the matter. You try to find the fear in the matter... oh it's the end of the world, oh it's murderous evil people killing everything, oh is some super weapon, oh it's a biological attack, etc., you get scared and you bury your head in the sand and ignore the facts.
Maybe if you removed your head from the sand and open YOUR eyes, and stopped being so fearful and ignorant, you would see how this has happened before, and will happen again, by natural purposes ALL OVER THE WORLD. It's called reality.
Originally posted by zbeliever
I don't know whats going on but I know I'm scared,,,,
Originally posted by OldCorp
I don't know if what's happening here at my house is connected to any of this, but we've had an unusually large number of Cardinals staying here - in my yard - and not flying South for the winter as they have done every year. On top of that, they seem intent on killing themselves; I've seen no less than 6 Cardinals fly into my front room window in the last week, and another out the back. These poor guys don't know whether to sh!t or go blind; desperate to the point of suicide.
All of this stuff, all around the world, is very concerning to me.
Originally posted by fleabit
Theories about diseases and dead fish don't really fly with me, in regards to birds dying. All the birds wouldn't just all die at the same time, while in flight, and flop to the ground. If they were picking up pollutants, some might die sooner, some later, some not at all, dependent on how much they ate, their own conditions and immune systems, and so on. They certainly wouldn't all just fall out of the sky at the same time.
Approval by the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) for the pumping of tens of thousands of litres of the chemical Corexit 9500 deep on to the seabed early yesterday comes despite warnings from Louisiana state health officials, scientists and fishermen that the technique is untested and potentially hazardous to marine life and the wider ecosystem. Louisiana officials claim BP and the EPA ignored their concerns about how the chemicals may harm the sea floor.
The dispersants used in the BP clean-up efforts, known as Corexit 9500 and Corexit EC9527A, are also known as deodorized kerosene," he told the group. "With respect to marine toxicity and potential human health risks, studies of kerosene exposures strongly indicate potential health risks to volunteers, workers, sea turtles, dolphins, breathing reptiles and all species which need to surface for air exchanges, as well as Birds and all other mammals.
Originally posted by Portuguese
Probably Governments could be using Haarp to worse the situation..
Scientists know that, Nasa knows, Governors too. But they will not warn us. They just want population reduction..
This happened in the past on Atlantis, it will be repeated. Mayas predicted the 2012 changes.. The Apocalipsis too. It is a time for us to interiorise, to search spirituality inside us. This is the positive side of the Aquarian Era in which we are.. Find Spirituality.
Because after 2012 it will start the "New Word Order" of "Antichrist". And we all need the Light protectio
Originally posted by Woliofox721
reply to post by HunkaHunka
Okay that explains Arkansas,But what about the other places?
Originally posted by HunkaHunka
Does anyone have any idea what the heck is going on?