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Magnitude
4.5
Date-Time
Sunday, December 18, 2011 at 05:03:19 UTC
Saturday, December 17, 2011 at 11:03:19 PM at epicenter
Time of Earthquake in other Time Zones
Location
15.832°N, 91.976°W
Depth
219.5 km (136.4 miles)
Region
CHIAPAS, MEXICO
Distances
49 km (30 miles) SSE of Comitan, Chiapas, Mexico
78 km (48 miles) NW of Huehuetenango, Guatemala
106 km (65 miles) NNE of Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
860 km (534 miles) ESE of MEXICO CITY, D.F., Mexico
Location Uncertainty
horizontal +/- 22 km (13.7 miles); depth +/- 10.9 km (6.8 miles)
Parameters
NST=173, Nph=176, Dmin=52.3 km, Rmss=1.07 sec, Gp=137°,
M-type=body wave magnitude (Mb), Version=9
Source
Magnitude: USGS NEIC (WDCS-D)
Location: USGS NEIC (WDCS-D)
Event ID
usc00077u9
The ice is melting so fast in Greenland that the giant island is rising noticeably as the weight is lifted. In some spots, the land is rising 1 inch per year. A vast ice cap covers much of Greenland, in some places up to 1.2 miles (2 km) thick. The ice, in place for eons, presses down the land, making the elevation at any given point lower than it would be sans ice. Scientists have documented on Greenland and elsewhere that when longstanding ice melts away, the land rebounds. Even the European Alps are rising as glaciers melt. Now, scientists at the University of Miami say Greenland's ice is melting so quickly that the land underneath is rising at an accelerated pace.
Post-glacial rebound (or glacial isostatic adjustment) produces measurable effects on vertical crustal motion, global sea levels, horizontal crustal motion, gravity field, Earth's rotational motion and state of stress and earthquakes. Studies of glacial rebound give us information about the flow law of mantle rocks and also past ice sheet history. The former is important to the study of mantle convection, plate tectonics and the thermal evolution of the Earth. The latter is important to glaciology, paleoclimate and changes in global sea level. Understanding postglacial rebound is also important to our ability to monitor recent global change.
Due to the fact that Greenland is still covered with ice, the number of uplift measurements
is very limited. This means that the ice loading history of the Greenland Ice Sheet is poorly
constrained. We show that present day uplift rate based on the two different ice histories
(ICE-5G and SICOPOLIS) give different patterns of present-day uplift rate. The difference in
the ice thickness (Figure 1) shows significantly different ice volume evolution starting from 9
ky BP. SICOPOLIS has thicker ice in some areas compared to ICE-5G from 8 ky BP until
present, this results in a larger present day rate of subsidence (see Table 2).
We find that the GIA signal from neither of the ice loading histories agrees with the GPS
derived uplift rate, which highlights the need for further studies in this region in order to
better constrain the ice loading histories as well as present and future sea level change is
this region.
And,I won't call you grumpy any more,just a crabbit,if that is the correct term.
I know you don't watch TV much
The data, he said, are too little and too recent.
However, he said it was clear that relative sea level rises in places like Kiribati may have nothing to do with the global situation but rather with the way in which the local freshwater aquifers under each atoll are used.
If they are over used by the local population, atolls themselves can rise and fall, letting in more seawater to the fresh ground water and flooding garden pits, giving the effect of sea level rises.
"The land itself is not stable. It is moving and often it is moving because of local issues."
He said the early data suggested that the Pacific sea level might be rising by an average of two millimeters a year, but this is not uniform across the region and findings often are based on data less than 10 years old.
In Kiribati, the data show the sea level fell by 21 millimeters while, just to the north, the Marshalls show it rose 2.9 millimeters.
"We are not finding places where the sea level rise is very strong," Scherer said.
It sounds like an open-and-shut case. Cut emissions and global warming will stop. Sea levels will stabilise. Tuvalu will be saved. The science behind such conclusions reveals, however, that it is not that simple.
Firstly, global warming is not the only factor affecting sea levels in the Pacific.
Bill Mitchell, the manager of the National Tidal Facility in Adelaide, which is collecting data in the region, says the ebb and flow of the sea is not fully understood.
"It's very, very complex. You have to get a handle on the movement of land. There are changes in weather, barometric pressure and oceanographic processes such as currents."
Those oceanographic processes include the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, where a huge slosh of water moves around the ocean over a 10-year cycle.
The El Nino effect has also played a part. Interruptions to trade winds across the ocean have affected global weather patterns, making the sea rise and fall unexpectedly.
"The IPCC has done its best, considering the thousands of scientists who have contributed," says Mitchell, "but the truth is that scientists don't really know if they've got a handle on it."
Originally posted by PuterMan
reply to post by kdog1982
And,I won't call you grumpy any more,just a crabbit,if that is the correct term.
Which actually is the same thing as crabbit is just the Scots for grumpy or miserable!
Not college then, that was school - I was 10. I went on to do geography and geology A levels and back then they were the equivalent of a degree course. No 'coursework' marks - it was all by examination, hours and hours of it with no reference books allowed, and if you did not know it you failed! Modern youngsters could not stand that. No one fails these days.
Ah dornt pure mid if ye caa me crabbit since Ah probably am. it's mah age ye ken.
Magnitude 5.7
Date-Time
Wednesday, December 21, 2011 at 13:37:18 UTC
Thursday, December 22, 2011 at 01:37:18 AM at epicenter
Location 33.127°S, 178.895°W
Depth 27.6 km (17.2 miles)
Region SOUTH OF THE KERMADEC ISLANDS
Distances 188 km (116 miles) S of L'Esperance Rock, Kermadec Islands
438 km (272 miles) SSW of Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands
711 km (441 miles) NE of Auckland, New Zealand
1065 km (661 miles) NNE of WELLINGTON, New Zealand
Location Uncertainty horizontal +/- 16.1 km (10.0 miles); depth +/- 7.5 km (4.7 miles)
Parameters NST=157, Nph=162, Dmin=440.8 km, Rmss=0.94 sec, Gp= 29°,
M-type=regional moment magnitude (Mw), Version=6
Source
Magnitude: USGS NEIC (WDCS-D)
Location: USGS NEIC (WDCS-D)
Event ID usc00079sb