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American Airlines Flight 191 crashed on take off which means the plane was going at full throttle.
Do you think this guy was giving it all he had when he hit?
Originally posted by SLAYER69
reply to post by In nothing we trust
Originally posted by The Difference
The fuselage of Flt 77, made of aircraft grade aluminum was able to penetrate six (1.5 ft.) concrete hardened blast proof walls, but two JT8D (engines made of steel and titanium alloy) wing mounted engines weighing approx 6 tons each, didn't even pierce the wall. Also, just as amazing is that the temperature was supposedly so extreme that these steel & titanium engines burned up an were gone within thirty minutes - while the grass on the lawn stayed green.
Pratt & Whitney / Roll Royce engines
12' x 9' Diameter Titanium steel alloy
6 tons each Melting point of titanium: 1,688
Max burning Temp of Jet-Fuel: 1,120.
Originally posted by The Difference
reply to post by Alfie1
Would you care to show me were in that article or any of the attached photos were it identifies that the engines were inside the building. Are you trying to say that the 124 ft wing span of the wings on the 757 and the mounted 6 ton steel & titanium alloy engines somehow miraculously swept back and entered the hole in the wall made by the aluminum fuselage.
The fuselage of Flt 77, made of aircraft grade aluminum was able to penetrate six (1.5 ft.) concrete hardened blast proof walls, but two JT8D (engines made of steel and titanium alloy) wing mounted engines weighing approx 6 tons each, didn't even pierce the wall. Also, just as amazing is that the temperature was supposedly so extreme that these steel & titanium engines burned up an were gone within thirty minutes - while the grass on the lawn stayed green.
It is also claimed that the Pentagon walls were specially reinforced. However, the outer Pentagon wall comprised a framework (grid) of 10 inch reinforced concrete members with the intervening space filed with 8 inch thick brickwork. Over this was placed about 6 inches of decorative limestone. So, the (outer) wall was at most, 16 inches thick, and was not particularly strong (contrary to media reports). The following photos show this to be the case
This argument is based on a misunderstanding of the Pentagon's design. In fact, the light wells between the C- and D-ring and D- and E-ring are only three stories deep. The first and second stories span the distance between the Pentagon's facade and the punctured C-ring wall, which faces a ground-level courtyard. There are no masonry walls in this space, only load-bearing columns. Thus it would be possible for an aircraft part that breached the facade to travel through this area on the ground floor, miss the columns, and puncture the C-ring wall withough having encountering anything more than unsubstantial gypsum walls and furniture in-between.
It defies logic and any scientific principles that I'm aware of how either of the 6 ton engines mounted about thirty feet down the wings could have followed the fuselage through the same blast hole.
Originally posted by youdidntseeme
Not saying that your thread isnt relevant, because it surely is. I'm just saying that you kind of answered the question yourself. You ask 'where is the debris at?', but you posted pictures of the very debris you are claiming doesnt exist.
Then you post pictures of others crashes for comparison, but the amount of debris in these other pictures seems to be not much more than what you have shown of the 9/11 crashes.
Another point, the comparison crashes simply crashed into the ground, where as 2 of the 9/11 crashes not only crashed, they burned for over an hour and then tumbled down along with dozens of stories of the buildings. The fact that any debris was identifiable after that is simply amazing.
The Pentagon wall was was reinforced to withstand an air attack.
"When the Pentagon was designed and built in the early 1940s," reflected Walter Lee Evey, director of the Pentagon Renovation Program Office, "there were a number of concessions made to a country at war. The original designers exercised economies in construction to lessen the impact on strategic materials needed to equip the military." The extensive use of reinforced concrete and non-reinforced masonry was one concession. Certainly the threat of any kind of terrorist attack on the building was far from the thoughts of the original designers. As a result, the Pentagon was constructed with a thin limestone facade over a brick infill between reinforced concrete floors, structurally supported by a reinforced concrete beam and column frame. Enough to protect from the elements but not from the potential forces of significant blast eventsArchitecturally, the designers of the huge office building also opted for the extensive use of windows. This feature helped connect workers with the outside world, and further reduced the demand for critical wartime construction materials. Along each 924' (281.6 m) exterior wall, there are approximately 400 windows, roughly 5' wide by 7' tall (1.8m � 2.1 m). Together, the lightly constructed facade and large number of windows offer little resistance to terrorist attack.
A reasonably forceful blast from any close point along the Pentagon's surrounding network of public roads would create broad personnel risk inside the outermost of the building's five concentric office rings and could cause severe property and structural damage as well. According to Evey, "The Renovation Office recognized this shortcoming and was determined to address it effectively by incorporating improved personnel safety features into the overall renovation program." The blast protection task was included in the new design work for the first of the Pentagon's five "wedges" and is now a "template" for the follow-on renovation of the other sections.
Originally posted by thedman
reply to post by In nothing we trust
The Pentagon wall was was reinforced to withstand an air attack.
No it wasn't - designed to resist car bomb blast, especially the windows which were blast proofed to prevent
shattering.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
American Airlines Flight 191 crashed on take off which means the plane was going at full throttle.
Do you think this guy was giving it all he had when he hit?
"full throttle" is not relevant, in the case of AAL 191, and trying to "compare" it to any of the 9/11 impacts.
The end result of the impact, and state of the debris, is primarily from the VELOCITY at impact. Among other things, like angles, and what is hit (ground, different buildings that have different methods of construction, etc).
How fast do YOU think American 191 was travelling, there?
How about if I tell you? Been quite a few years since I've flown the DC-10 (my airline got rid of them immediately after 9/11, because of business down-turn, and the expense of operating/maintaining the old beasts). The actual "V" speeds we use depend on weight, temperature and airport altitude...but mostly the weight. I was going to guess at certain numbers, from memory....but, instead I have the actual ones, from the NTSB report, that I looked up to be precise.
American 191 was a DC-10-10 (as opposed to a -30, with a much heavier Max Takeoff weight....430,000 pounds, versus 580,000, for the versions we flew).
American 191's weight at start of takeoff was 379,000 pounds. They chose a flap setting of 10-degrees. This gave V-speeds of:
V1 -- 139 knots (V1 is the "decision" speed....once very close to, at or past this speed, there is no room left ahead on the runway to stop, by rejecting the takeoff).
Vr -- 145 knots (Vr simply means "rotation" speed. This when the pilot flying begins to raise the nose. We strive for an approximate rate of 2-3 degrees per second, for proper, smooth rotations).
V2 -- 153 knots (V2 is the "Takeoff Safety" speed. This is the best lift/drag speed for an engine-out.....failure....situation at this point in the takeoff).
I was going to make a wild guess at their V2 around 165 kts, before I looked it up. So, I was close, considering all the years since I last flew one.
Typically, our Flight Director computers will provide pitch guidance to a speed of V2+15 - 20 kts. American 191 lifted off at V2+6 kts (159 kts). The maximum airspeed it ever achieved was 172 kts. At only about 300 feet AGL, the loss of control began, and the crash sequence progressed. Speed DECREASED. (Because the pilot flying, this case the First Officer, did exactly as he was trained, at the time, after what he thought was a simple engine failure, and pitched "up" to slow a bit, to V2. He actually flew it to about 160 kts).
So, it's actual speed at ground impact was much slower than any of the 9/11 airplanes.
Point of all that (there is a lot more, link below) is to show the futility of trying to compare crashes...especially on 9/11, because those were unique, and unprecedented....due to the velocities.
Check out, online, any physics force calculator program you wish, to understand how the increase in velocity affects the impact forces greatly.
American 191 NTSB, Chicago O'Hare 1979