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The fracking process is radically different from traditional gas extraction. In many rock formations, the gas doesn't reside in easily-accessible reservoirs, but instead, lies trapped within small fissures in the rock layer. (See "B," above.) To free the gas, vast amounts of water (including various chemicals) are injected deep underground at extremely high pressure, thereby fracturing the rock (hence the term "fracking") and allowing the gas to escape. Sand injected along with the water helps to prop open the newly-created fissures (see "C," above) and the gas can then rise to the surface through the fracking fluid.
* Vast amounts of water are required. * Fracking uses various chemical lubricants, many of which are toxic. * The chemicals used in fracking are considered proprietary, and are therefore secret. * The water used in fracking poses a major disposal problem. * There have been over a thousand instances of groundwater contamination in areas near fracking sites. * Fracking has never been subject to an independent assessment of its environmental impact. * Fracking isn't subject to federal regulation. (This was done via an EPA exemption pushed through Congress by then Vice-President Dick Cheney in 2005.) * The full long-term environmental impact of fracking is unknown.
The Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission voted unanimously two weeks ago to approve new rules that require oil and gas companies in the state to disclose the chemicals they use in hydraulic fracturing of underground formations during drilling.