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we take all our sub-systems they all have specific risk reductions tasks ... in lander stability and motion thrusters... and then in parallel we have these lander test beds or prototypes... they're not flightlike ... they are platforms... cancel out earth gravity, get you into the lunar gravity environment, give you some time to particularly test the descent phase the last minute of descent... which is kind of the thing we have the least experience with.
Originally posted by syrinx high priest
the united states loaned moon rock samples to dozens of countries and they have been examined in thousands of labs independent of NASA or the USA.
Is anyone here seriously suggesting they are fake, and the only person to figure it out is an innerweb poster 40 years later ?
the innerwebs make me lol
Originally posted by SayonaraJupiter
FoosM, NASA knows little to n o t h i n g about the space radiation environment outside low earth orbit. That's why in 2009 NASA nearly approved this study for the irradiation of more monkeys .. recent headlines
Department of Energy Blocks NASA's Planned Monkey Radiation
pcrm.info/.../department-of-energy-blocks-nasas-planned-monkey - CachedDec 15, 2010 – NASA's plan to expose live squirrel monkeys to radiation has been canceled, according to a statement just released by Brookhaven National ...edit on 9/24/2011 by SayonaraJupiter because: to add the bloody truthedit on 9/24/2011 by SayonaraJupiter because: colors
Instruments onboard MARS I interplanetary probe confirmed exist- ence of a third radiation belt, Soviet news agency Tass announced. Third radiation belt had been cliscorered in 1959 by Soviet rockets which had gathered particles at 50,000-mi. altitude, Tass said, and its existence was verified when MARS I recorded stream of charged particles far beyond the second radiation belt. Number of particles in this outermost belt greatly exceeded that in first two belts, according to Tass. (AP , Wash. Post, 2/17/63)
Report by three-man NASA advisory committee concluded that “shielding [against radiation] of the crew for Project Apollo is not possible within the time and weight limitations on the project.” The crew “will simply have to accept the relatively low probability of encountering a major solar flare during their relatively brief excursion to the moon.” Report estimated 10,000 lbs. of polyethylene shielding would be required to ‘protect men in 10-ft.- diameter spacecraft for a week. For flights to Mars or Venus, more than 20,000 lbs. of polyethylene would be required. “The accomplishment of manned flights to the vicinity of Mars and
"To solve this complex radiation challenge, we have assembled a team of experts from multiple private, public and educational institutions," said Ed Semmes, who manages the Radiation Shielding Program at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. "Our team includes engineers, materials scientists and physicists from the Marshall Center and from Langley Research Center in Hampton, Va."
The team is examining new shielding materials that not only block and/or fragment more radiation than aluminum -- the material currently used to build most spacecraft structures -- but also are lighter than aluminum. Spacecraft designers have to be able to shape shielding materials to make various parts of the spacecraft. The material must protect the crew from radiation, and it must also deflect dangerous micrometeoroids. The shielding must be durable and long lasting -- able to stand up to the harsh space environment.
Polyethylene is a good shielding material because it has high hydrogen content, and hydrogen atoms are good at absorbing and dispersing radiation. In fact, researchers have been studying the use of polyethylene as a shielding material for some time. One of several novel material developments that the team is testing is reinforced polyethylene. Raj Kaul, a scientist in the Marshall Center's Engineering Directorate, previously has worked with this material on protective armor for helicopters.
Originally posted by FoosM
Report by three-man NASA advisory committee concluded that “shielding [against radiation] of the crew for Project Apollo is not possible within the time and weight limitations on the project.” The crew “will simply have to accept the relatively low probability of encountering a major solar flare during their relatively brief excursion to the moon.” Report estimated 10,000 lbs. of polyethylene shielding would be required to ‘protect men in 10-ft.- diameter spacecraft for a week. For flights to Mars or Venus, more than 20,000 lbs. of polyethylene would be required. “The accomplishment of manned flights to the vicinity of Mars and
Senator Clinton P. Anderson (D.-N.Mex.) ,Chairman of Senate Commit-tee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences, addressed National Capital Sec-tion of AIAA and questioned whether hazard of intense solar radiation in the 1968-70 period might postpone Project Apollo lunar flight. He pointed out that 1968-70 is period of maximum solar activity in the 11-year solar cycle, and radiation intensity might require “very substantial shielding for the Apollo capsule.” This raised question of whether heavy shielding imposes too great a weight penalty on Apollo. Citing recent scientific recommendation that there was “relatively low probability” of Apollo crew’s encountering solar flare, he questioned whether maintaining the schedule would be worth such a gamble. (Finney, NYT, 1/16/M, 1; SBD, 1/16/a, 8 0 4 1 )
George M. Low, MSC Deputy Director and NASA Deputy Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, said in Space Business Daily interview
that crew “aboard the Apollo spacecraft will be more than adequately shielded from solar flare radiation.” Low cited National Academy of Sciences’ opinion that solar radiation dosages to Apollo astronauts would be five to 10 times less than maximum tolerable dosage, and “the astronauts would be safe on their trip to the Moon if it is made during its presently scheduled time.” He pointed out that special solar-radiation advisory committee (see Dec. 9,1963) did not take into account the NAS information and the GSFC tables which show that solar flares during 1969-70 would not be as dangerous as heretofore thought.
At press conference, the NRL scientists said that astronauts on lunar flight would be under no more radiation danger during maximum period of solar cycle than during minimum period. Friedman explained: “All available evidence indicatesthat solar minimum is as bad as solar maximum for superflare eruption.” To date, superflares occur at random and cannot be predicted. (NAS-NRC Release; USN Background State- ment; Simons, Wash. Post, 2/5/64)
NASA scientist John M. Eggleston told space medicine conference at Brooks AFB that astronauts on lunar flight would face less danger from space radiation than was once thought. “If the Apollo spacecraft as it is now designed were exposed to the largest solar flare seen in the latest solar cycle, the astronaut would be exposed to only one tenth of the criticaldosedesignatedforspaceflight.
“An exposure to the critical dose would probably make an astronaut sick within a few days. . . . But it would not prevent him from finish- ing the mission and returning to lead a normal life.” (AP, Homton Post, 2/5/64)
House Committee on Science and Astronautics began hearings on NASA authorization for FY 1965. NASA Administrator James E. Webb testified :
“In the tight budget situation faced by the President for Fiscal Year 1965 it was necessary to stress with him and the Bureau of the Budget that unless the full $5.3 billion authorization requested for FY 1965, and the supplemental appropriation of $141 million requested for FY 1964 are approved, the manned space flight program will encounter further delays, It will then not be possible to achieve the national goal of ex- ploring the moon with men within this decade.
Mstislav Keldysh, president of Soviet Academy of Sciences; Alexander Lebedinsky, .professor; and Alexander Vinogradov, geochemist, held 2%-hr. televised press conference in Moscow on the LUNA IX mission. KeIdysh said U.S.S.R. had mastered the soft-landing technique and was planning more soft-landing missions in 1966 to obtain information on physical conditions on the moon, composition of lunar rock, and variations in lunar temperature. He said the next major challenge would be designing a spacecraft capable of returning men to earth from the moon and called for US. “cooperation not competition” in a program for manned lunar landing. LUNA IX’S mission was “only to photograph the surface of the moon and measure cosmic radiation,”
Lebedinsky said LUNA IX had measured rate of radiation in outer space at 30 millirads a day and that the spacecraft had detected additional radiation on lunar surface apparently produced by nuclear reactions from cosmic rays hitting moon's upper layers-but he did not disclose amount. Vinogradov reported that lunar surface was hard, porous, volcanic cracked rock, but acknowledged that other areas might be different. Keldysh announced that VENUS XI and VENUS 111 spacecraft, launched Nov. 12 and Nov. 16, 1965, respectively, were scheduled to approach Venus March 1. (Wmh. Post, 2/11/66; Balt. Sun, 2/11/66; Sullivan, NYT, 2/11/66, 17)
April 9: LUNA x had detected electrons with energies higher than cosmic radiation, Tass reported: “Data have been obtained which may be interpreted as evidence of the existence in the near-lunar space of fluxes of electrons with energies of tens of thousands of electron volts. These fluxes are 70 to 100 times more intense than the cosmic ray background. Possibly, this phenomenon is due to the earth’s magnetic ‘tail.’ Later measurements will permit more positive conclusions on the radiation conditions near the moon.” In addition, preliminary data analysis showed that intensity of the moon’s magnetic field was “somewhat above the level of magnetic fields in free interplanetary space” and that meteorite “particle density” near the moon was higher than in “inter-planetary space.”
UPI reported that US. scientists, including Dr. James A. Van Allen, State Univ. of Iowa, believed radiation observed by LUNA x was either the earth’s comet tail or a similar feature produced by the moon itself. Reported level of radiation would be no threat to manned operations near the moon, they said. (Tass, 4/9/66; UPI, NYT, 4/10/66, 79; AP, Wash. Sun. Star, 4/10/66, A6)
NASA Manned Spacecraft Center analysis showed that radiation shielding offered by the Apollo Lunar Excursion Module (Lem) was negligible:
a particle flux producing a 1-rem dose in the Apollo command module would produce a 17-rem dose in the Lem. The Apollo space radiation warning system would provide advance indication of need for astro- nauts to return from the Lem to the command-service modules. (M&R, 3/22/65, 23)
NASA could conceivably have landed ALL of the Apollo LM by remote control... NASA owns all the LRO source data...so the recent "pictures" presented from LRO would reveal these remote controlled landers in situ.
Originally posted by FoosM
Originally posted by syrinx high priest
the united states loaned moon rock samples to dozens of countries and they have been examined in thousands of labs independent of NASA or the USA.
Is anyone here seriously suggesting they are fake, and the only person to figure it out is an innerweb poster 40 years later ?
the innerwebs make me lol
Im glad you brought it up, because I wanted to bring up the following challenge:
Which institutions or individuals have claimed to have actually studied the moon rocks and soils while not under the pretense that NASA retrieved their samples from a manned moon landing?
irrelevant
which ones have come forward with tangible physical evidence the samples are not from the moon ?
that is relevant
Originally posted by syrinx high priest
Originally posted by FoosM
Originally posted by syrinx high priest
the united states loaned moon rock samples to dozens of countries and they have been examined in thousands of labs independent of NASA or the USA.
Is anyone here seriously suggesting they are fake, and the only person to figure it out is an innerweb poster 40 years later ?
the innerwebs make me lol
Im glad you brought it up, because I wanted to bring up the following challenge:
Which institutions or individuals have claimed to have actually studied the moon rocks and soils while not under the pretense that NASA retrieved their samples from a manned moon landing?
irrelevant
Originally posted by backinblack
One minute you say they can't design a LM to land even with todays technology and next you are saying they did it on auto back in Apollo days??
Which is it.
I have to say, you succeeded admirably at not-answering.
Originally posted by SayonaraJupiter
Originally posted by 000063
Do you think the astronauts liars, or trustworthy?
Feel free to ignore it, of course. It just makes it more and more transparent that you're intellectually dishonest.edit on 2011/9/22 by 000063 because: +
I'll follow Phage's prime example by providing this non answer.
You mean the issue you bought up, that I have called irrelevant, and you continue to bring up?
Originally posted by FoosM
Wow... talk about quote mining.
You completely focused on defending yourself on a "black" issue without relating it to Apollo.
Um, I don't think the article mentioned whether the lady in question was black. Not that it's relevant, because old people and black people and green people and purple people can be just as wrong as anyone else. I'm not responding to any posts on the matter anymore, FoosM.
What are you trying to defend? I dont care if you are a bigot or not, Im debating Apollo on this thread. You asked me a question and I gave you an answer. You didnt acknowledge that the media used old people and blacks as a negative association for anyone who didn't believe in the moon hoax. Thats the important point. Either you agree with this or you dont.
And DJ was discussing animal torture in the context of Apollo, yet you called him out.
Originally posted by FoosM
SJ is discussing meat in the context of Apollo.
Just like SJ was discussing animal torture in the context of Apollo.
Whats your problem with that?
You must have an absurdly high DEX score; you're excellent at dodging.
Originally posted by SayonaraJupiter
Your time would be better spent watching Jarrah White's latest Moon Rock video series.
He's saying that NASA could've landed the landers remotely.
Which is odd, because there is over a second's tape-delay from Earth. Three seconds or so round-trip. To put this in perspective, NASA did some experiments with a remote control plane in the 80s. It crashed. Imagine trying to drive a car at a precise speed and angle over a spot on the road, with a three-second lag. Flying a plane is harder than that. The lander would be, literally, rocket science.
Yeah.
reply to post by backinblack
USSR bought back moon rocks by probe. Much, much, less than NASA's mind you.
Also, the moon rocks have several features that simply cannot be found or simulated on Earth. Full stop.
Originally posted by FoosM
Originally posted by syrinx high priest
Originally posted by FoosM
Originally posted by syrinx high priest
the united states loaned moon rock samples to dozens of countries and they have been examined in thousands of labs independent of NASA or the USA.
Is anyone here seriously suggesting they are fake, and the only person to figure it out is an innerweb poster 40 years later ?
the innerwebs make me lol
Im glad you brought it up, because I wanted to bring up the following challenge:
Which institutions or individuals have claimed to have actually studied the moon rocks and soils while not under the pretense that NASA retrieved their samples from a manned moon landing?
irrelevant
Of course its relevant.
Its the basis for validating science and discoveries!
If you cant provide one institution or person that took lunar samples on the premise to see if they were valid or not, then you cant claim the lunar samples were validated. All you can claim is that they were studied by sheeple scientists.
edit on 24-9-2011 by FoosM because: (no reason given)
Originally posted by 000063
SJ and FoosM are using their patented spamming tactic, I see. Lovely.