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The first idea of exploding a bomb on the lunar surface seems to be in Robert Goddard's "A Method for reaching extreme altitudes". Goddard
investigated the possibility of reaching the Moon with a rocket loaded with photographer magnesium powder, in order to record the explosion made by the impact
Goddard himself noted that "the plan of sending a mass of flash powder to the surface of the moon, although a matter of much general interest, is not of obvious scientific importance". This was however the first idea of an interplanetary mission to do without of the presence of humans: the first "space probe".
Commentary: The planned October 9, 2009 bombing of the moon by a NASA orbiter that will bomb the moon with a 2-ton kinetic weapon to create a 5 mile wide deep crater as an alleged water-seeking and lunar colonization experiment, is contrary to space law prohibiting environmental modification of celestial bodies.
The possibility of ice in the floors of polar lunar craters was first suggested in 1961 by Caltech researchers Kenneth Watson, Bruce C. Murray, and Harrison Brown.
Later, in the Forties, the German born popular science writer Willy Ley further perfected the Goddard idea. He noted in fact that if the terrestrial observers able to observe the lunar impact of the magnesium laden probe were incapacitated by bad weather, the impact may happen without any witness. To counter this problem Ley proposed the impact on the Moon of 0.5 kg of high explosive and 4.5 kg of white powder, possibly powdered glass that, once dispersed on the surface, would have formed a patch of surface more brilliant than the surroundings.
In 1945 US astronomer H. H. Nininger suggested the use of two new technologies developed during the most recent war, guided missiles and atomic weapons, to dislodge lunar soil samples and to carry them toward the Earth, thus providing an artificial imitation of what astronomers believed had happened during the formation of the larger craters or during the eruption of the lunar volcanoes, creating a class of natural glasses called tektites.
In 1957 Kraft Ehricke, an Atlas missile designer and Nobel prize George Gamow proposed a small probe called Cow (after a nursery rhyme) that was to fly by the Moon before returning to Earth one week after launch. A follow-on version was to be preceded by an atomic bomb that was to raise a cloud of vaporized rock. The second probe was then to fly through the cloud, thus returning lunar surface samples to Earth.
In October of the same year, JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) presented its idea of a lunar program that would overshadow Sputnik. The program was called Red Socks and it could include the detonation of an atom bomb on our natural satellite's surface, in order to collect, as Nininger had proposed, any lunar rock that would be hurled to our planet by the explosion and to produce, in the words of JPL's director Pickering to produce "beneficial psychological results". As the first race to the Moon unfolded, both the USA and the USSR had plans to nuke the Moon.
In parallel with the Able probes' development, the US Air Force started a top secret project, called A119, described euphemistically as a "study of lunar research flights" and only revealed 42 years after its conception. It was probably based on a still secret RAND Corporation study, started in 1956, aimed at putting a nuclear warhead on the Moon. The same idea was shared by Edward Teller, the father of the hydrogen bomb who in February 1957 proposed exploding an atomic bomb at some distance from the lunar surface to observe the fluorescence induced in it or even directly on the surface to observe what kind of disturbance it might cause.
Moreover, after being mentioned in project ``Red Socks'', the idea of the emphatically called ISBM (InterSpatial Ballistic Missile) was analyzed in some detail by engineers of Lockheed Space and Missiles Division who determined that a 11 kTon bomb carried by an Agena rocket would have had enough time to explode before being crushed in the impact with the Moon.
Project A119 was thus started by the US Air Force Special (i.e. nuclear) Weapons Center, its main aim being of sending to the Moon without any warning a fission atomic bomb to impress the Soviets and their allies. Very few details of the project have been revealed, and the few ones mostly concern the scientific side.
To the project in fact participated from the spring of 1958 a small group of scientists of the Armour Research Fondation of the Illinois Institute of Technology, providing scientifical consultancy on the mission. This group included many well known scientists such as Leonard Reiffel, project chief scientist and later to be the manned Apollo lunar missions scientific instrumentation manager, Gerard P. Kuiper, a Dutch born planetlogist and his doctorate student Carl Sagan, the future famous planetary astronomer, scientist popularizer and author of the science fiction novel Contact.
In contrast to the similar Soviet project of which more later, the American project never reached the mission hardware stage. We thus ignore the chosen launcher, probably an uprated version of the Atlas or Titan ICBM and the characteristics of the bomb. The final scientific report on the mission, signed by Reiffel and recently made public through the Freedom Of Information Act, envisages the possibility of usign weapons yelding as much as a megaton (one million tons of TNT) but the most probable choice, because of mass limitations, would have been a bomb at least as powerful as the one dropped on Hiroshima (some twenty kilotons).
Alas, many documents on project A119 were destroyed during the Eighties by the Illinois Institute of Technology and it is thus unlikely that other informations may surface in the future.
The Soviet project was called E-4 and was to detonate an atom bomb on the visible hemisphere to provide a dramatic visual confirmation of the impact and to perform a remote chemical analysis of the soil vaporized in the explosion.
Originally posted by FoosM
The claim is that six Apollo missions brought back pounds of lunar dirt and regolith, took photography, ran experiments, made first hand observations, for scientists to understand the geology of the Moon. Yet recently NASA, for some reason, felt compelled to "bomb" the moon? I thought manned missions would have made bombing the moon unnecessary? What about just using those robotic probes sent to Mars? Why cant they also be sent to the moon? Wouldn't they be able to travel the landscape, run experiments, take close-up photography and provide evidence for the Apollo missions? Not only that, if there is so much still to study on the Moon, why not send men back? Send men back, for more moon rocks, LOL.
Originally posted by FoosM
So what put the bug up NASA's butt to look for water on the Moon? And why wasn't this important prior to Apollo?
What about just using those robotic probes sent to Mars? Why cant they also be sent to the moon?
Not only that, if there is so much still to study on the Moon, why not send men back? Send men back, for more moon rocks, LOL.
Originally posted by theability
reply to post by FoosM
Can I ask something?
What does this post about Sputnik have to do with anything?
All you did was post a video and cite a source quote with no link [as usual]. Again somethings haven't changed.
So what is the point of this post?
The U.N. Outer Space Treaty, which the U.S. has ratified, requires that “ The moon and other celestial bodies shall be used by all States Parties to the Treaty exclusively for peaceful purposes. The establishment of military bases, installations and fortifications, the testing of any type of weapons and the conduct of military manoeuvres on celestial bodies shall be forbidden.”
Every year many meteoroids enter Earth's atmosphere (the bright trail marking them as meteors), fall to the ground (changing their designation to 'meteorites' in the process) and are immediately lost among the water, rocks and vegetation of our world. Only in large empty spaces such as the Sahara and Atacama deserts and Antarctica can they readily be found and separated from indigenous Earth rocks.
In recent years thousands of these meteorites have been found, many of them originating from the Moon or Mars where, millions of years ago, they were blasted into space by volcanic eruptions or crater impacts.
After their epic journeys they lie, dark and conspicuous against their surroundings, until teams of explorers such as this one near the transantarctic Mountain Range find and recover them.
Moon rock found in Antarctica
Meteorite-hunting team makes rare discovery
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — University of New Mexico researcher Barbara Cohen now knows for certain that the rock she found while trolling the barren Antarctic landscape is special.
She and a team of geologists picked up a chunk of the moon — one of only about 30 ever found on Earth.
She and a team of eight geologists collected the fist-sized meteorite on a six-week trip during the Antarctic summer, in December and January. They were trolling the La Paz ice sheet on snowmobiles when they found it.
Finding a meteorite is like finding a puzzle piece to the universe because each chunk tells scientists more about how other planets and asteroids developed, Cohen said.
"It's a real primal thrill of discovery, because no one has ever seen that rock before you," she said. "If you know the rock you found is unusual, your mind just goes crazy wondering what it could be. It could be the first meteorite ever found from Venus, or it could be from the moon or Mars."
Cohen's Antarctica trip was part of a National Science Foundation program to collect meteorites. Scientists from all over the world are chosen each year to search Antarctic ice sheets for new meteorites, which fall on the ice and stick out in the snowy surroundings.
Exploring Antarctica (1967)
Intrigued by exploration in space and on Earth, Dr. Von Braun participated in an expedition to Antarctica. This photo was made on or about January 7, 1967.
The moon stones come from Chile
The professor for geology John L. Parker examined and analized the "moon stones" at Maine University. In this institute also scientist Nelly Wason was researching. During her research work in Atacama desert in the North of Chile she detected a strange sort of stone. Later she found out that the composition was exactly corresponding to the "moon stones" which John L. Parker had examined.
Paker already had died when Nelly Wason was detecting this. She became mistrustful and examined Parker's estate. In his remarks she found the proof that Parker and a PR man from NASA Mark Lecoq always knew well that the "moon stones" never had been from the moon but from Atacama desert from Chile.
The first discovery of Yamato Meteorites by an inland survey team of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) in 1969 was reported by Yoshida et al. (1971). However, there are important events, issues, and data related to this discovery that have so far not been published. Prior to the author's departure for Antarctica, M. Gorai suggested the author to consider collecting meteorites during the trip. On 21 December 1969, when geodetic measurements for the 250 km span of a triangulation chain were approaching its completion, members of the inland survey team collected three stones on the surface of the ice sheet in the southeastern marginal area of the Yamato Mountains
Prior to 1969, however, when nine meteorites were found almost by accident, by the Japanese in the Yamato Mountains near their Syowa Base, only six meteorites had been found in Antarctica the first in 1912. In fact, prior to 1969, only about 2100 distinct (individual, not fragments) meteorites were known worldwide, with only five to ten new ones being recovered annually from the rest of the Earth.
Stone Meteorites from Moon and Mars
Do we really find lunar and martian rocks on the surface of our own planet? The answer is yes, but they are extremely rare. About one hundred different lunar meteorites (lunaites) and approximately thirty Martian meteorites (SNCs) have been discovered on earth, and they all belong to the achondrite group. Impacts on the lunar and Martian surfaces by other meteorites fired fragments into space and some of those fragments eventually fell on earth. In financial terms lunar and Martian specimens are among the most valuable meteorites, often selling on the collectors' market for up to $1,000 per gram, making them worth many times their weight in gold.
Extensive selection of Lunar and Martain meteorites. Large inventory of high quality Sikhote-alin iron meteorites available.
All six of the Apollo missions on which samples were collected landed in the central nearside of the Moon, an area that has subsequently been shown to be geochemically anomalous by the Lunar Prospector mission. In contrast, the numerous lunar meteorites are random samples of the Moon and consequently provide a more representative sampling of the lunar surface than the Apollo samples. Half the lunar meteorites, for example, likely sample material from the farside of the Moon.
How Do We Know That They Come From the Moon?
Chemical compositions, isotope ratios, minerals, and textures of the lunar meteorites are all similar to those of samples collected on the Moon during the Apollo missions. Taken together, these various characteristics are different from those of any other type of meteorite or terrestrial rock.
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Originally posted by Tomblvd
Foos, quit spamming the thread and answer the question about Apollo 12.
Quote Originally Posted by Ghostwriter View Post The idea that atom bombs are hoaxes does not flabbergast me That would be par for the course as far as jewish shennanigans are concerned. Why don't you share with us the elements of the atom bomb you find most compelling to your belief that they exist anywhere outside the fertile judaic imagination
I think you guys got me figured out wrong.
Flabbergasted as in I never came across that one.
Never expected it. I felt the same way when I heard that
the moon-landing was faked. So Im now open to the idea that
Nukes are not real. That book that was recommended would be a good start.
By the way, what is your issues with Jews? Are you referring to a select few people or all person who follow the religion?
Originally posted by Pinke
It hasn't been about Jarrah White for some time.
Originally posted by ppk55
Originally posted by Pinke
It hasn't been about Jarrah White for some time.
So you too didn't look at the videos posted above regarding Jarrah White's moon rock questions?
What is going on ... people posting and not looking at what was just posted above.
How can you argue something, when you didn't even watch the videos ?
If you took the time to watch...
You will see how easy it was to obtain rocks from the moon and from mars in Antarctica. Yes, Antarctica, on earth.
Originally posted by Pinke
I don't want to have to waste my bandwith on hour long youtube videos, thanks.
Originally posted by Pinke
Blah blah blah ... I'd also suggest starting a new thread also since this is no longer about Jarrah White.
Originally posted by ppk55
And that ladies and gentlemen, is how Apollo believers respond to the proof posted above of how Moon AND Mars rocks land on earth, and how they can be found today (and in the 60's) in Antarctica.
Some Moon rocks have been found on Earth, but they are all scorched and oxidised from their entry into the Earth’s atmosphere as asteroids. Geologists have confirmed with complete certainty that the Apollo rocks must have been brought from the Moon by man.
Did you know that the Lunites found in Antarctica were found after the Apollo missions? And that they didn't know they were Lunites until they were compared to the Apollo samples? And yes there are some difference between them. Most notably that they have signs of having entered through the atmosphere also lots of weathering and other chemical interactions due to being on Earth for so long. They are fairly easy to tell apart.
Originally posted by Pinke
I already stated in my post I wasn't interesting in debating it.
Originally posted by Pinke
we're meant to all sit and watch *hours* of youtube videos?
Originally posted by Pinke
I don't want to have to waste my bandwith on hour long youtube videos, thanks.
(the first two videos are directly related to JW)
Originally posted by Pinke
Blah blah blah ... I'd also suggest starting a new thread also since this is no longer about Jarrah White.
Originally posted by Pinke
I already stated in my post I wasn't interesting in debating it.
Originally posted by Pinke
we're meant to all sit and watch *hours* of youtube videos?
Google Video Link |