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A mutation that causes some Asians to flush red when they down a beer may have evolved to help their ancestors cope with rice wine.
A genetic study suggests that the mutation evolved around 10,000 years ago, about the same time as Asians were starting to farm rice and figuring out how to ferment it into boozy drinks.
The mutation causes alcohol to be metabolised at 100 times the speed that it otherwise would be.
As the enzyme removes alcohol so quickly from the blood stream, it protects people from the harmful effects of alcohol, and Su believes it confers an evolutionary advantage: a study in the Han Chinese suggests that those carrying the mutation have the lowest risk of alcoholism (American Journal of Human Genetics, vol 65 p 795).
Su's explanation is that the mutation spread across Asia and towards Europe in lockstep with rice cultivation.
The mutation in alcohol dehydrogenase would have protected those who had it from some of the nefarious effects of alcohol and alcoholism
. As a result, Su says, natural selection for the mutation caused it to spread west in near-synchrony with rice paddies.
. Less than one percent of the population of China uses alcohol
There is no record of large scale use of alcohol in pre European N. America or Australia
And why in the world would there be more drunks in those populations