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Previous studies of arctic aerosol have shown that (a) submicron mass concentrations exceeding 2 μg m-3 are often found in stratified layers at altitudes up to 9 km (Barrie 1986) throughout the Arctic during winter and early spring; (b) this aerosol is predominately
anthropogenic and transported from Europe and Asia (Shaw 1982, 1988; Norman et al. 1999);
(c) more efficient scavenging during late spring and early summer leads to much lower submicron mass concentrations, particularly within 1 km of the surface (Wylie and Hudson 2002); and (d) local new particle production from dimethyl sulfide and organic emissions from
open ocean water leads to higher number concentrations of ultrafine particles during summer than during winter (Ferek et al. 1995; Leck and Bigg 2005). Figure 1 shows the seasonal cycle of
the monthly average cycle of cloud emissivity, cloud coverage, and the fraction of time that polluted conditions occur using four years of ground-based aerosol and radiation observations
near Barrow, Alaska.
2. Relevance to long-term goals of the DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research
This field campaign would provide data needed to test aerosol and cloud retrievals and cloud models designed for application to global climate models. Evaluation of retrievals would improve confidence in long-term retrievals at the ACRF NSA locale, thereby extending the value
of the data beyond the campaign period. Reliable long-term retrievals are necessary for detecting aerosol indirect effects on clouds. Evaluation of both single-column and cloud-resolving models will improve confidence in cloud parameterizations used for simulations of climate change.
Arctic clouds have proven particularly difficult to simulate, at least in part because aerosol and IN effects on arctic clouds are extremely poorly understood. These data would fill the gap in the understanding needed to improve arctic cloud parameterizations.
Here's a news program about the Air Force cadets being quarantined.
Stop it at 2:16 to see the neat mural these creeps painted on their wall.
Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by exposethosesecrets
PS...funny the mention of the New Mexico Library....there was a person on ATS a while back who was from somewhere like the Four Corners area who had a lot of the same misconceptions in the threads he/she started.....just sayin'
[edit on 19 October 2009 by weedwhacker]
Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by exposethosesecrets
Swine flu?? Really??
Here's a news program about the Air Force cadets being quarantined.
Stop it at 2:16 to see the neat mural these creeps painted on their wall.
At the USAF Academy?? And this relates to so-called "chemtrails" how, again?
(AND...."creeps" to describe the folks who drew the 'neat mural' on what looks very much like a whiteborad??? "creeps"??? I think someone has issues OTHER than alleged "chemtrails"...)
Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by ThaLoccster
Please, please tell me you didn't tell your son the junk science here...
ALL of those photos show clouds. Contrails are just artificial clouds.
I series of still photos showing changing sky and cloud cover is just weather and meteorology doing what it's been doing on this planet LONG before Humans ever appeared to mess it up...
I would recommend all these "chemtrail believers" do some study (there are plenty of online sources) into cloud types, shapes and formation altitudes.
Because, in your photos, the contrails are produced at MUCH higher altitudes than the stratus and fractocumulus that is formed below them.
Other pics show higher level cirrus type clouds moving in...all indications that the airmass aloft is conducive to contrail formation...it is really just that simple.
Those are clouds!
[edit on 19 October 2009 by weedwhacker]
Do you have info that contradicts the fact that the USAF Acadamy has manual with the word chemtrails in it?
Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by exposethosesecrets
Do you have info that contradicts the fact that the USAF Acadamy has manual with the word chemtrails in it?
The illogic here is astonishing..."chemtrails" are allegedly top, top secret, YET the "proof" is a title that is splashed on the front cover of textbooks????
Have you read these books?
Suppose the title is just to make it seem fun to be on the "trail" of learning about chemistry? Chemical bonding patterns look like "trails"...who knows what the authors meant?
Nancy Drew is often on the "trail" of someone in her mystery books...sheesh!
The Attorney General's office recently contacted NMSR member Kim Johnson to help answer questions from constituents regarding the alleged dangers. Here is Kim's letter, reprinted with permission. -editor
M. Kim Johnson
October 31, 1999
Attorney General's Office
State of New Mexico
I have finished a review of letters sent to the Attorney General of New Mexico's office from several writers. In each of these letters, the writers express concern that aircraft are spraying biological or chemical materials into the atmosphere for unspecified purposes. One of the letters quotes anecdotal incidences of sickness that might be tied to the aircraft activity. The letters refer to "chemtrails" as well as contrails.
I have read the letters and reviewed the referenced web pages . In so doing, I have viewed a number of photos purporting to be of aircraft spraying the chemical or biological material into the atmosphere. I have also discussed these letters with another scientist familiar with upper atmospheric phenomena from Sandia National Laboratory and an retired general and fighter pilot who is an Air Force Hall of Fame Member inducted in at the same time as Neil Armstrong and former President Ford.
In summary, there is no evidence that these "chemtrails" are other than expected, normal contrails from jet aircraft that vary in their shapes, duration, and general presentation based on prevailing weather conditions. That is not to say that there could not be an occasional, purposeful experimental release of, say, high altitude barium for standard wind tracking experiments. There could also be other related experiments that occur from time-to-time which release agents into the atmosphere. However, not one single picture that was presented as evidence indicates other than normal contrail formation.
The variation in presentation is explained by the tropospheric conditions and, to some extent, the positioning of aircraft engines. When the troposphere experiences a relatively stable, supersaturated condition (water vapor in excess of 100% humidity without condensation), then any disturbance that causes formation of ice crystals provides nucleation surfaces for the supersaturated moisture to condense upon. When a jet engine burns its fuel, the major byproduct is water vapor. When the exhaust passes over the rear stabilizer of an aircraft, the tips or ends of the stabilizer cause the exhaust to expand rapidly. When it does, the temperature decreases rapidly within a turbulent flow, and ice crystal formation is forced. Generally, this makes it look as if the jet were spraying a cloud from the ends of the stabilizer. If the atmosphere is not at saturation, the contrail will not persist. The formed ice crystals will sublimate into the surrounding atmosphere. Hence, the appearance of a short, well formed vapor trail. If the water content is very low, then no discernible contrail will form at all. All the exhaust water will be absorbed by the atmosphere before there is time to form ice crystals.
If the atmospheric water content is not consistent with altitude (picture atmospheric "waves" of high water vapor content below a layer of low water vapor content much like waves on the ocean), then a jet will alternately pass through air that allows contrail formation and air that does not. This gives the appearance of a dashed line if the plane is flying at, or near the perpendicular to the waves. If the atmosphere is highly supersaturated, then the formed ice crystals may act as nucleation centers for a continual spreading of the contrail. In other words, the contrail actually causes the supersaturated moisture to condense, spreading out from its original path. This causes the formation of a cirrostratus cloud structure, far in excess of what would occur from a simple contrail.
One other phenomenon observed is the formation of contrails off wing surfaces along with the engine exhaust contrails. This can be caused when the air is highly supersaturated and the expansion of the air coming off of the wing surface is sufficient to cause ice crystallization. In this case, it appears that the whole plane is leaving a trail. This can often be observed by a passenger flying in a commercial airplane when entering cold, supersaturated air, particularly in the winter when close to a storm front.
There were no pictures or evidence that indicated anything other than the above contrail formation phenomena. Anecdotal stories of persons getting sick after contrails from obviously supersaturated tropospheric conditions lend no basis for belief that there are chemicals or biological agents being released. This type of story provides as much credence to "chemtrails" as does the belief that drinking milk is causally linked to heroin addiction. (Almost all heroin addicts in the US drank milk as children.)
Please contact me if there are any questions.
Sincerely,
M. Kim Johnson, Physicist
That is not to say that there could not be an occasional, purposeful experimental release of, say, high altitude barium for standard wind tracking experiments. There could also be other related experiments that occur from time-to-time which release agents into the atmosphere.
Originally posted by earthdude
Find proof or you just look paranoid.
I just posted the photos because I thought they were peculiar, based on my limited knowledge of contrails.
........
But, do contrails dissipate in the atmosphere or do they spread out and become clouds?
Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by ThaLoccster
There is no "conspiracy", and it's insulting to ATS to suggest there is...)
Originally posted by weedwhacker
reply to post by exposethosesecrets
ATS is not a place for what have already been shown to be naturally occuring contrails, it is shown over and over again here.
Continuing to post threads on subjects that have a "hoax" nature to them belongs either in a HOAX forum, or not at all.
Title Chemtrails, Chemistry 131 manual, fall 1991: course policies and laboratory manual
Author United States Air Force Academy. Dept. of Chemistry
Publisher Dept. of Chemistry, U.S. Air Force Academy, 1991
Length 232 pages
Subjects Chemistry