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Hills point to catastrophic ice age floods
Fields of low hills that cover parts of inland Canada and the northern United States may seem quite distant from the watery world of Atlantis. Yet a Canadian geologist proposes these hills formed from huge Ice Age floods that sharply raised global sea levels and could have spawned myths of a swamped continent.
"There's nothing in recorded history that matches the size of these floods," says John Shaw of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, who has estimated the extent of the floods from the size of the ridges.
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Called drumlins--a word derived from Old Irish -- these hills appear in concentrated fields in North America, Scandinavia, Britain and other areas once covered by ice. When seen from above, the aligned knolls sometimes look like a basket of eggs lying on their sides and pointing in the same direction. Some drumlins are made of sediments deposited onto bedrock; others are ridges carved out of the rock.
Most geologists believe drumlins developed gradually from the grinding action of heavy ice sheets as they moved over the land. But in the last several years, Shaw and others have proposed the controversial idea that floods of water flowing beneath the ice created many of the North American drumlins and possibly others around the world. They base this hypothesis on the shapes drumlins share with other land forms sculpted by meltwater.
According to Shaw, heat from the Earth formed huge lakes of meltwater that remained trapped beneath the North American ice sheet. As the sheet began to retreat near the end of the glacial age, the water broke through and flowed in torrents down to the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean. While flowing under the ice cap, water would have surged in vast, turbulent sheets that sculpted and scoured drumlins. Each flood lasted until the weight of the ice cap once again shut off the outlet of the covered lake, Shaw says.
In some ways, Shaw's hypothesis echoes ideas raised 14 years ago by a group of oceanographers who studied the ancient remains of one-celled animals buried under sediment on the floor of the Gulf of Mexico. The ratios of oxygen isotopes in these organisms suggested that sometime around 11,500 years ago, a large amount of freshwater entered the gulf, says Cesare Emiliani of the University of Miami in Coral Gables. On the basis of the isotope studies, Emiliani and his colleagues theorized that a sudden influx of meltwater from the ice sheet could have rapidly raised sea levels, sparking myths of a great deluge.
Analysis of staghorn coral (a coral that always grows in shallow water) provides evidence that the ocean level rose 400 feet since the end of the last Ice Age and the Ice Age came to an abrupt end approximately 11,650 years ago. This occurred when global temperatures rose approximately 7o C.4
In order to study the effects of the impact on civilization, let’s step back in time. This is not the civilization that you read about in history books but the thriving civilization that existed throughout the world during the last Ice Age. Large areas of the continents were covered in glacier ice sheets. Strong jet streams moving north/south made it difficult to grow crops and scratch out a living in many locales and environments. But some moderate and tropical areas were blessed by mountain ranges that traverse east/west that protected the region from these fierce winds (Himalayas, Caucasus, and European Alps). It was in these regions (such as Cuba, the Mediterranean, and India) that mankind found a niche and thrived. These shallow coastal lands were among the richest and most fertile on Earth. These protected coastlines were the sites of the largest cities and population centers. (This is not much different than today, where 85 percent of the Earth’s population and the majority of cities are within 200 miles of the coastline. It’s just a different coastline, the edge of the continental shelf.)
The end came suddenly. A large comet or asteroid cut its way down to the Earth in a flash and bore through the glacier sheet. For most people, this initial event was so sudden and distant that it might go unnoticed. They would first feel the effects of the impact when a series of massive earthquakes would rumble through a few minutes later. The cities of brick and stone would crumble about them and on top of them. If they looked at the sky, they might notice that it was beginning to take on strange colors before it finally went completely dark. Survivors would stumble around, trying to free family and friends trapped in the rubble. The sea level would begin to rise at the same time that torrents of rain would begin to fall from the sky. As the hours turned into days and months, the unending deluge would lift the level of the sea by as much as 400 feet, submerging approximately 15 million square miles of coastal land around the world and drowning its inhabitants. This brought to an end the Ice Age and destroyed most traces of the Ice Age civilization that came before us.
but the earth has fallen away all round and sunk out of sight. The consequence is, that in comparison of what then was, there are remaining only the bones of the wasted body, as they may be called, as in the case of small islands, all the richer and softer parts of the soil having fallen away, and the mere skeleton of the land being left.
There may be further reports through Nexus Magazine or through future press releases, according to the opinion of Mr. DuVal. Interviewed for the Egyptology Society: May 23 1998, in Miami, Florida
Originally posted by Karilla
Here's a fantastic interactive map of Australasia that illustrates perfectly how much more land was exposed during the glacial maximum. I wish they'd done this for Europe too.
Then how did the Phoenicians reached what is now Portugal (including the area where I live)?
The Phoenicians told tales of not travelling beyond the Straits of Gibraltar because of extremely turbulent waters
Sure, it's easy to say that he wrote many things and then say that it's hard to find, when in fact nobody knows about the supposed writings.
The hard part is finding all of his writings. Sir Francis Bacon was the genius behind many pens, including Shakespeare (William Shakespeare was a lower caste man with an illiterate daughter....hardly the kind of person who would pen such great works littered with Rosicrucian references).
Originally posted by Doug Fisher
Hello Karilla,
You can find an interactive sea level map of Europe located *** HERE *** along with a small assortment of other interactive maps.
-Doug
Originally posted by ArMaP
reply to post by lostinspace
That happens with some earthquakes, I have seen some images of at least two earthquakes that had that effect little time after the earthquake.
Originally posted by bigfatfurrytexan
Regarding evidence of the death of ocean fauna, it is a well documented fact that there were multiple incidents of these floodings. One such example that seems particularly great is discussed inthe link i provided about Shaw and the drumlin hills. Yes, there is evidence that supports the influx of large amounts of fresh water into the worlds oceans at various periods in the last 15k years.
In a new study in Science (published online in Science Express 6 December) Kleiven and co workers confirm that the deep ocean was disturbed in just the way previous workers had speculated. Using a marine core from south of Greenland, which monitors the southward flowing deep waters formed in the North Atlantic they show that there is a sudden disruption in the deep circulation pattern at the time of the flood outburst. Just at the time of the flood, the chemical properties of the deep ocean shift suddenly to values not observed at any other time in the last 10,000 years. The chemical changes suggest that at the site south of Greenland, the new deep waters formed in the North were completely replaced by older deepwater coming from the south. This suggests that deep waters from the North Atlantic were too shallow or weak to influence this site for about century following the flood outburst after which time the deep ocean snapped back to its near modern state. This is what researchers had predicted and what computers have simulated the ocean needed to have done in order to help bring about the cold spell.
Originally posted by Karilla
Here's a fantastic interactive map of Australasia that illustrates perfectly how much more land was exposed during the glacial maximum. I wish they'd done this for Europe too. The amount of coastline, where civilisation has always congregated and still does, is staggering.
sahultime.monash.edu.au...
If you click and drag, and zoom out, you can see the whole planet, just not in as much detail as Australasia. Fascinating stuff.
Note to Slayer: I know what you mean about the 8000bc mark. This Sahul-Time map goes back much further, through all the periods of glaciation. I've always found it hard to accept that Human civilisation is so young, given how long we have had the same mental resources. This whole sea-level/expanded coastline business is just the answer to the question of where the evidence for older cultures is: buried beneath the waves.
[edit on 24-9-2009 by Karilla]
Originally posted by Doug Fisher
reply to post by Karilla
Originally posted by Karilla
Here's a fantastic interactive map of Australasia that illustrates perfectly how much more land was exposed during the glacial maximum. I wish they'd done this for Europe too.
Hello Karilla,
You can find an interactive sea level map of Europe located *** HERE *** along with a small assortment of other interactive maps.
-Doug
Originally posted by Karilla
Originally posted by ArMaP
reply to post by lostinspace
That happens with some earthquakes, I have seen some images of at least two earthquakes that had that effect little time after the earthquake.
It also has to be born in mind that without the knowledge of the mechanism for sea-level rise, with only a rudimentary understanding of oceans per se, it would seem more likely that the land sank than it would be that the seas rose.
The base of the crust has a shear-wave velocity value around of 3.9 km/s for the western Mediterranean Sea area. This area is characterized by a thin crust in comparison with the crustal thickness of the eastern Mediterranean Sea area.