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By 1977, smallpox, long considered to be the most deadly and persistent human pathogenic disease, was eradicated by the World Health Organization. This was accomplished through a massive, worldwide outbreak search and vaccination program. However, the variola virus that led to the death of 300 million in the 20th century alone was not completely exterminated with the disease it caused. Three known repositories of the virus were left, one in Birmingham, England which was later destroyed after an accidental escape from containment caused the death of Janet Parker, and two still remaining at the Centers for Disease Control in Atlanta, Georgia and the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Koltsovo, Russia. Each of those States reports that the repositories are retained for possible anti-bio-weaponry research and against the possibility that some obscure reservoir of natural smallpox may be discovered in the future.
Post-eradication vaccination
Smallpox vaccination lesion, ten days after vaccination.
The vaccine consists of the virus which causes the related, yet far milder, cowpox disease; this virus is appropriately named vaccinia, from the Latin vaca which means cow. This vaccine has functional viruses in it which improves its effectiveness but, unfortunately, causes serious complications for people with impaired immune systems (for example chemotherapy and AIDS patients, and people with eczema) and is not yet considered safe for pregnant women. A woman planning on conceiving within one month should not receive the smallpox immunization until after the pregnancy. In the event of an outbreak the woman should delay pregnancy if possible. A small, yet significant, percentage of healthy individuals also suffer adverse side-effects which, in rare cases, include permanent neurological damage. Vaccines that only contain attenuated vaccinia viruses (an attenuated virus is one in which the pathogenicity has been decreased through serial passage) have been proposed but some researchers have questioned the possible effectiveness of such a vaccine. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, "vaccination within 3 days of exposure will prevent or significantly lessen the severity of smallpox symptoms in the vast majority of people. Vaccination 4 to 7 days after exposure likely offers some protection from disease or may modify the severity of disease." This, along with vaccinations of so-called first-responders, is the current plan of action being devised by the United States Department of Homeland Security (including FEMA, now part of DHS) in the United States.
In the summer of 1971, the Soviet Union apparently conducted an open-air test of a biological weapon containing smallpox virus. The experiment caused a smallpox outbreak that killed three people and required a massive vaccination campaign to confine it to a port on the Aral Sea, in Kazakhstan.
Details of the outbreak were immediately suppressed by Yuri Andropov, then head of the KGB and later the Soviet premier. Yesterday was the first time they were presented in the West, at a gathering of smallpox experts and public health officials at the National Academy of Sciences, in Washington.
June 02, 2007
The Union health ministry today dismissed reports of outbreak of small pox in Myanmar and Bangladesh as a “false alarm” and asked the people not to panic.
“It is a false alarm,” Health Secretary Naresh Dayal said today.
He said the World Health Organisation had confirmed that there was no outbreak of small pox in both the countries following which an general alarm was sounded in West Bengal, particularly in the northern districts close to the border.
“There is no outbreak of small pox in these countries. We received a message from the Ministry of External Affairs about the reported outbreak,” he said.
He said as WHO, which is the only agency that stockpiles the vaccines, is the authority to confirm the news, the ministry approached it.
“They (WHO) checked with them (the authorities of the two countries) and found the reports to be false,” he said.
Small pox was eradicated from the world in 1977, he said. Last case was reported in Bangladesh in 1975.
The U.S. government has agreed to pay a Florida biopharmaceutical company $30.9 million to produce an inhaled version of an existing drug that would be used to treat people exposed to smallpox in a biological attack, the firm announced yesterday (see GSN, Feb. 12).
Immunization stopped in many countries, such as the US, in 1972. In 1979, WHO recommended that vaccination against smallpox be stopped in all countries, the only exception being special groups, such as researchers working with smallpox and related viruses. By 1982, routine vaccination had been officially discontinued in 149 of the 158 member countries of WHO. By 1986, routine vaccination had ceased in all countries.
The EU666 and US666 status codes are also associated with a smallpox vaccine, and on a more individual basis, about two dozen other substances.
Regulatory/Status Index:
biodefense stockpile (U.S.)
biodefense stockpile, European countries
controlled/gov’t distribution in European counties
controlled/gov’t distribution in U.S.
EU200 Currently Approved in EU
EU666 Biodefense stockpile
UM100 Controlled/Gov’t Distribution in US
US666 Biodefense stockpile
EM160 Controlled/Gov’t Distribution in EU
Partial monograph text:
666 Hyaluronic acid Products
Hyaluronic acid; HA; hyaluronan; sodium hyalu-ro-nate; sodium glucuronate-N-acetylglucosamine polymer
Cross ref: See the entries below for specific HA products. See also the hyaluronidase entries (#186-#616; #617; #618; #619). Note, other than recombinant HA (#186), this book/-database only covers a few of many FDA--approved HA products, with most HA products considered borderline or non-biopharmaceutical products (depending on source/manufacturing).
Description: Hyaluronic acid (HA) or hyaluronan is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan, a polysaccharide (carbohydrate polymer) containing alternating disaccharide units (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid monosaccharide linked with beta1-->4 bonds) linked with beta1-->3 glycoside bonds, forming a long-chain polymer containing repeating units of sodium glucuronate-N-acetylglucosamine or beta-(1, 4)-D-GlcA-beta -(1, 3)-D-GlcNAc-). Hyaluronic acid usually occurs as the salt (hyaluronate) form under physiologic conditions. In vivo, it primarily exists as sodium hyaluronate, since sodium is the most abundant cation in cells and tissues.
Pharmaceutical HA products include various animal and bacterial-derived products used for viscosupplemen-tation, e.g. lubricati ... truncated (just the beginning)
Description: Prepandrix “prepandemic vaccine” is a conventional egg-cultured influenza virus H5N1 (A/VietNam/1194/2005 NIBRG-14) clade 2 inactivated split-antigen vaccine. The H5N1 clade 2 bulk material is being manufactured from a laboratory version seed virus of the wild-type virus provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The reference virus, A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1) NIBRG-14, was developed using reverse genetics, with reassortment strain combining the H5 and N1 segments to with an influenza virus PR8 strain backbone. In addition the H5 was engineered to eliminate the polybasic stretch of amino-acids at the HA cleava … truncated (just the beginning)
Nomenclature:
Infleunza Vaccine, H5N1/GSK [BIO]
Prepandrix [TR]
Pandemrix [TR]
Pandemic Influenza vaccine, surface antigen, inactivated [EU]
Prepandemic influenza vaccine (H5N1) (split virion, inactivated, adjuvanted) A/VietNam/1194/2004 NIBRG-14 [EU]
Pandemic influenza vaccine (H5N1) (split, inactivated, adjuvanted) [EU]
avian influenza vaccine [SY]
bird flu vaccines [SY]
influenza H5N1 virus (A/Indonesia)vaccine [SY]
influenza vaccine, pandemic [SY]
influenza virus H5N1, inactivated, vaccine with AS03 adjuvant [SY]
Index Terms:
Product Class Index:
biopharmaceutical products
bovine materials used
chicken source materials
vaccines, inactivated
vaccines, subunit
vaccines, viral
SB001 BIOPHARMA prod. (mainstream)
Regulatory/Status Index:
EU200 Currently Approved in EU
EU666 Biodefense stockpile
UM100 Controlled/Gov’t Distribution in US
US666 Biodefense stockpile
EM160 Controlled/Gov’t Distribution in EU
Biological Index:
chicken embryos (eggs)
influenza virus, H5N1
virus culture
Chemical Index:
alpha-tocopherol
aluminum adjuvant
AS03 adjuvant
Daronrix
disodium phosphate
formaldehyde
magnesium chloride
octoxynol 10
polysorbate 80 (Tween 80
potassium chloride
potassium dihydrogen phosphate
sodium chloride
sodium deoxycholate
squalene
thiomersal
vitamin E
The S. 666 Biological, Chemical, and Radiological Weapons Countermeasures Research Act, 2003, paved way for government funding of Baxter, Novartis and GSK in bioweapons research
By JB
Senate bill S. 666, the Biological, Chemical, and Radiological Weapons Countermeasures Research Act of 2003, gave incentives to private industry in the USA to conduct research into bioweapons, allegedly to fill gaps in the US biodefense procurement programs.
John Rockefeller was on a key Senate finance committee reviewing the bill which channelled amounts of government money into private biotechnology, pharmaceutical companies such as Baxter in order to develop bioweapons.
The Lieberman-Hatch bill S. 666 introduced incentives for companies to detect and weaponise viruses and also find “diagnostics” against viruses.
The Rockefeller family is also one of the biggest sponsors of WHO.
Also, Arlene Rockefeller, CFA, is an Executive Vice President of State Street Global Advisors and is the Global Equities CIO.
State Street Global Advisors is the largest institutional/mutual fund investment firms owning Baxter.
Baxter International Inc: Majority Institutional Ownership Ownership Information
Shares Outstanding 605.00 Mil
Institutional Ownership (%) 83.24
Top 10 Institutions (%) 29.30
Mutual Fund Ownership (%) 2.64
5%/Insider Ownership (%) .36
Float (%) 99.64
Ownership Activity
Description # of Holders Shares
Total Positions 877 503,624,352
New Positions 92 0
Soldout Positions 177 0
Net Position Change -174 -14,197,458
Buyers 395 48,125,760
Sellers 569 -62,323,216
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