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The official Explanation(s)
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The official explanation(s) of the WTC 1 (photo above) global collapse (sic) is that the alleged release of potential energy (PE), of the mass of an upper part C above all supporting columns after sudden, local deformation and buckling, due to downward, alleged near free fall movement in an initiation zone (indicated by red) and impact of a structure below, exceeds the strain energy (SE) that can be absorbed by the same columns below and above and that all this was due to gravity only.
It is suggested that the upper part C is rigid and remains intact during the complete crush down of the WTC 1 structure below, i.e. the global collapse (sic) is not a collapse but a 'crush down'.
The crush down is suggested to take place as follows:
WTC 1 is assumed to consist of three parts:
Part A - the lower structure (97 stories before crush down).
Part C - the upper part (13-15 stories).
Part B - rubble that is formed of part A, when part C crushes the stories one after the other.
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Each storey is 3.6 meters tall with density 0.255 and becomes a 0.9 meter thick layer or rubble with density 1.025, when crushed, e.g. [2].
At time t = 0 sec part C is alleged to drop on part A - crush down starts.
At, say, time t = 8 seconds about 60 stories have been crushed and there are still 37 stories remaining of part A. A 54 meters thick layer of rubble - part B - has been formed of what was 60 stories! The upper part C remains on top.
At time t = 10 seconds part A is completely crushed and only a 87.3 meters thick - very tall! - layer of rubble on the ground - part B - remains of part A. The upper part C still remains on top.
At time t = 15 seconds nothing remains! Part C has been destroyed in a crush up and the rubble - part B - is spread out on the ground.
Evidently this crush down model and theory is complete nonsense, but it is the official explanation(s) of the WTC 1 destruction on 9/11! A small, fairly weak part C, 95% air, cannot possibly crush a big part A of similar structure only due to gravity and compress it into a 87.3 meters tall tower of rubble on the ground after 10 seconds! Anyone that has just dropped anything on something knows this. Try then to crush this something! You need a big force for that, which gravity alone cannot provide.
What you would expect to happen
The following would happen, if the upper part C actually drops; two of its thin walls slide and drop outside and do not damage anything. The other two thin walls slide and fall inside the structure - part A - below and punch holes in or slices the floors there locally. No rubble is really formed.
The thin floors of the upper part C are in turn locally punched or sliced by the part A walls/columns below and will soon be jammed inside the part A walls/columns below. No walls or columns are dropping on other walls or columns producing an impact! Do not believe that the upper part C is solid, rigid, strong or anything like that! It is quite weak. Local failures - floors punched and sliced - will be produced at contacts. No crush down will ever start!
Local gravity failures above cannot destroy the columns of the intact structure below! All the energy released by dropping upper part C is absorbed by the deformations, failures and fractures of floors in the initiation zone and locally in the upper part C and top of lower structure part A and by friction between locally failed floor parts rubbing against each other after initiation and by any loose parts dropping down outside. The crush down should be arrested inside the initiation zone! Or maybe upper part C would slip off and drop beside the structure below.
gators911truth.blogspot.com...
WTC 1 Roof Antenna Fell First From A Stationary Video Camera - frames
“For the towers to fall at so close to free fall speed, over 110,000 separate and independent structural support points had to fail simultaneously. 'Pancake theory' does NOT explain the failure of the cores.” Torin explains passionately, obviously upset with the lies being told to the American people. "Nothing is holding the building up - No resistance. 110,000 structural failures at the same time."
Next, we are shown an incredible bit of detective work on Torins part. He shows a sequence of 12 different pictures (frames above) of the collapse initiation of the North tower, WTC 1. Torin explains that the antenna on the top of the world trade center is a perfect guide of measurement for height, as there is a standard of changing the paint color of antennas once per fifty feet. The part of the antenna on the roof of WTC 1 appears black, then white alternated every fifty feet. There is a guide wire in the bottom left of every picture that shows that the camera does not move.
nationalwriterssyndicate.com...
Originally posted by turbofan
This thread is dubunk free? What nobody has a clue to how a tower
crushes itself...without a 'crusher'?
NIST AND DR. BAZANT - A SIMULTANEOUS FAILURE
The first error which Dr. Bazant has made is his assumption that all of the available energy would be utilised exclusively in the destruction of the uppermost storey of the lower section. This is physically impossible under any and all circumstances.
The energy available to the collapse is derived from the mass of the upper section. This mass is distributed throughout the upper section. Take for example the mass of the topmost floor slab of the tower. How is it possible for this mass to have its effect upon the uppermost storey of the lower section? In order for the energy associated with this mass to act at the collapse front it must be transmitted through the columns of the upper
section. This energy has no other route to the collapse front other than through these columns. The very fact that all of these upper section columns are subject to load, means that they would absorb energy, in the form of elastic and plastic strain. Thus Dr. Bazant's
argument that all of the energy would be concentrated into overcoming the columns on the uppermost storey of the lower section cannot be true.
It is impossible for all of the energy of the falling section to act on only the one topmost storey in the lower section, since the very act of transmission of the energy to that storey, dictates that all of the storeys in the upper section will come under load and consume energy.
Source
3. Thermal Behavior
When the chips are heated to about 430ºC (806ºF), they undergo a runaway chemical reaction producing temperatures of at least 1535ºC (2795ºF) -- the melting point of iron.
The residues produced by these reactions -- iron-rich spheres -- match those produced by igniting commercial thermite and particles found in WTC dust samples.
Fig. 19 compares the DSC traces of a chip from each of the four samples. Although a trace does not capture the increase in temperature once a sample ignites, the area underneath it approximates the sample's energy density.
The thermal behavior of the chips is analyzed using an instrument (a DSC) that measures the flow of heat into and out of the sample as its temperature is gradually increased. When the samples are elevated to about 430ºC, they ignite in a run-away reaction that reaches at least 1535ºC. The fact that the reaction reaches those very high temperatures is evident from the reaction's residue of minute solidified iron-rich sphereoids -- residues that had clearly experienced temperatures above the melting point of iron to create molten droplets that became spherical under the influence of surface tension.
The iron-rich spheroids formed by heating the chips in this manner match those found in abundance in all of the samples of WTC dust studied, and those produced by the reaction of commercial thermite, both in appearance and in chemical composition revealed by XEDS analysis.
Fig. 30 compares estimates of the energy densities of four chips to those of high explosives and thermite.
A measure of a pyrotechnics' performance is its energy density: how much energy can be packed in a given weight or volume. Estimates of the energy densities of chips ignited in the DSC shows them to be similar to those of conventional high explosives and conventional thermite. These estimates include the weight of the inert gray-layer material, which may account for the range of energy densities of the four different chips.
Whereas structural and chemical analysis of the chips shows that they were designed as some kind of pyrotechnic, thermal analysis shows that, despite their fragmented form and age, are still active pyrotechnics, and ones with impressive energy densities.
Active Thermitic Material Discovered does not describe tests that might indicate the discovered material's power density. The fact that it ignites somewhere between 370ºC and 430ºC would seem to make it a delicate explosive, since an office fire can generate such temperatures. However, the material might have more than one reaction mode: It might be designed so that the more gradual heating by a fire causes it to deflagrate and appear to burn like a hydrocarbon material; whereas the small spot of extreme temperture provided by a micro-detonator causes it to detonate with a shockwave powerful enough to shatter objects several feet away.
Although building rubble can contain flammable materials, it is not possible that legitimate materials in the Twin Towers or residues of them formed in the buildings' destruction would be capable of reacting to produce temperatures above the melting point of iron.
>> FURTHER READING: thermal behavior of the chips
Conclusion
As this simplified summary of the findings of the paper Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade Center Catastrophe shows, the distinctive red-gray chips found consistently in dust samples from the destroyed Twin Towers are clearly an advanced engineered pyrotechnic material. It is not even remotely possible that the material could have been formed spontaneously through any random process such as the total destruction of the Twin Towers. Nor is it possible that the material was present in the Towers for some innocent reason.
The North Tower is consumed in a vast eruption as would be produced by a choreographed cascade of thousands of small blasts.
The chips are clearly the unexploded remains of a pyrotechnic material -- likely a high explosive -- that was present in the Twin Towers in large quantities. Reasonable estimates of tonnage of material based on the abundance of red-gray chips in the dust range from the tens into the hundreds. Although the installation of so much material would require considerable planning and logistics, it would not necessarily be difficult to conceal, as this hypothetical blasting scenario shows.
The progressive detonation of so many tons of energetic material would explan the mushrooming explosions that so systematically shattered each Tower from top to bottom, and the incredible thoroughness of the destruction, which left virtually no recognizable building components other than the heavy steelwork and cladding, and no traceable fragment of more than 1000 human bodies.
Originally posted by turbofan
No problem, then don't post in this thread. I'm awaiting your response to
our friendly debate about the tilting south tower...
posted by exponent
reply to post by turbofan
I'm sorry, I have no real desire to participate in a conspiratorial circlejerk over who has the bestest evidence.
If you would like me to debunk something, state your hypothesis, back it up with facts, and I will give my opinion on the matter. SPreston as we all know has shown no real training or knowledge in this subject, and is just copying the words and opinions of others.
If I wanted to debate them, I would go and find them
Originally posted by exponent
reply to post by turbofan
I'm sorry, I have no real desire to participate in a conspiratorial circlejerk over who has the bestest evidence.
If you would like me to debunk something, state your hypothesis, back it up with facts, and I will give my opinion on the matter. SPreston as we all know has shown no real training or knowledge in this subject, and is just copying the words and opinions of others.