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Nazi Germany Military Projects
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If there was no German rockets and scientist that russian and american capture then we would not fly to moon in 20 century.
War Secrets by the Thousands
Harper's Magazine
October, 1946
Page 329
SECRETS BY THE THOUSANDS
C. Lester Walker
Harper's readers are familiar with Mr. Walker's articles and the skillful mechanics of the Allied war. He now gives us a look at some of the disconcertingly effective tricks that were hidden up the enemy sleeve.
Someone wrote to Wright Field recently, saying he understood this country had got together quite a collection of enemy war secrets, that many were now on public sale, and could he, please, be sent everything on German jet engines. The Air Documents Division of the Army Air Forces answered:
"Sorry -- but that would be fifty tons."
Moreover, that fifty tons was just a small portion of what is today undoubtedly the biggest collection of captured enemy war secrets ever assembled. If you always thought of war secrets -- as who hasn't? -- as coming in sixes and sevens, as a few items of information readily handed on to the properly interested authorities, it may interest you to learn that the war secrets in this collection run into the thousands, that the mass of documents is mountainous, and that there was never before been anything quite comparable to it.
The collection is today chiefly in three places: Wright Field (Ohio), the Library of Congress, and the Department of Commerce. Wright Field is working from a documents "mother lode" of fifteen hundred tons. In Washington, the Office of Technical Services (which has absorbed the Office of the Publication Board, the government agency originally set up to handle the collection) reports that tens of thousands of tons of material are involved. It is estimated that over a million separate items must be handled, and that they are, very likely, practically all the scientific, industrial and military secrets of Nazi Germany.
One Washington official has called it "the greatest single source of this type of material in the world, the first orderly exploitation of an entire country's brain-power."
How the collection came to be goes back, for beginnings, to one day in 1944 when the Allied Combined Chief' of Staff set in motion a colossal search for war secrets in occupied German territory. They created a group of military-civilian teams, termed the Joint Intelligence Objectives Committee, which was to follow the invading armies into Germany and uncover all her military, scientific, and industrial secrets for early use against Japan. These teams worked against tine to get the most vital information be: ore it was. destroyed, and in getting it performed prodigies of ingenuity and tenacity.
At an optical company at Wetzlav, near Frankfurt, for example, the American colonel investigating felt positive that the high executives were holding out on him. But nothing would shake their story: they had given him everything. He returned next day with a legal document which he asked them all to sign. It declared they had turned over "all scientific and trade data; and if not, would accept the consequences." Two days later they glumly signed the document, then led he colonel to a cache in a warehouse will. From a safe tumbled out the secret file on optical instruments, microscopy, aiming devices.
One two-man search team found itself completely stymied. Records that they had to find had completely disappeared. A rumor indicated they might have been hidden in a mountain. The two scoured the region in a jeep. Nothing. But keeping at it, they stumbled one day onto a small woods road whose entrance was posted:
Achtung! Minen!
Gingerly, slowly, they inched their jeep in. Nothing happened. But a concrete dugout sunk in the hill revealed another sign: "Opening Will Cause Explosion."
"We tossed a coin," one member of this search team said later, "and the loser hitched the jeep tow rope to the dugout door, held his breath! and stepped on the gas."
There was no explosion. The door-ripped from its hinges. The sought-for secret files were inside.
The German Patent Office put some of its most secret patents down a sixteen-hundred-foot mine shaft at Heringen, then piled liquid oxygen, in cylinders, on top of them. When the American Joint Intelligence Objectives team found them, & was doubtful that they could be saved. They were legible, but in such bad shape that a trip to the surface would make them disintegrate. Photo equipment and a crew were therefore lowered into the shaft and a complete microfilm record made of the patents there.
PERHAPS one of the most exciting searches was also the grimmest. This was the hunt for hidden documents which might reveal that Nazi scientists had frozen human beings to death and then tried to bring them back to life again. Interviewing four Nazi doctors one day in June 1945, at a laboratory of the Institut f�r Luftfahrtmedizin, at Gut Hirschau, Bavaria, an American medical corps major, Leo Alexander, was struck with the dreadful conviction, despite repeated denials, that this had occurred.
His suspicion were aroused by three things. All the small animal laboratory equipment was carefully preached; all large-animal equipment destroyed. One of the doctors wanted to dissolve his research institute and dismiss his staff. And none of the scientists could find any data on human beings at all, not even on those rescued from North Sea waters and saved by the new revival techniques. Did this mean that everything of the sort was hidden away with other data which, the doctors didn't want to show?
Wishing to leave the four Germans in a frame of mind not to destroy their records, the American concealed his suspicions, and, for the time being, transferred his search elsewhere.
Chance suddenly played into his hands. The Allied radio one night broadcast a grim tale of the Dachau concentration camp. Researches on death, and treatment of shock, from exposure to cold had been performed on prisoners. The broadcast named the leading experimenter, one Dr. Rascher, and called him a member of the medical staff of the SS.
For Alexander this was a lead. He happened just to have learned that the American Seventh Army had recently captured a vast mass of especially secret SS records. He therefore headed for the Seventh Army Documents Center to see what was there.
There was more than he anticipated. Even to the complete and final report -- Himmler's personal copy, with his green-penciled annotations, all over it -- with the names of Rascher and all others involved, and containing all the damning details of the almost unbelievable experiments.
Victims had been immersed naked in ice water until they lost consciousness. All the time elaborate testings were constantly made: rectal, skin, and interior-of-the-stomach temperatures; pulse, blood sugar, blood chlorides, blood count and sedimentation; urine tests; spinal fluid. Appendix 7, Figure 5, showed that seven subjects were chilled to death beyond revival in from fifty-three to one hundred and six minutes.
"This table," Alexander commented in his own report, "is certainly the most laconic confession of seven murders in existence."
It had been with the rest of the documents -- in Himmler's private cave in mountain at Hallein. Even though the aide of the mountain had been dynamited down over the cave mouth, the American searchers had found it.
The earliest Joint Intelligence Objectives search teams were followed by others, which were to dig out industrial and scientific secrets in particular. The Technical Industrial Intelligence Committee was one group of these, composed of three hundred and eighty civilians representing seventeen American industries. Later came the teams of the Office of the Publication Board itself and many mow groups direct from private industry. Of the latter -- called, in Germany, Field Intelligence Agencies, Technical (FIAT) -- there have been over five hundred; of one to ten members each, operating by invitation and under the aegis of the OPB.
Today the search still goes on. The Office of Technical Services has a European staff of four to five hundred J At Hoechst, it has one hundred abstractors who struggle feverishly to keep ahead of the forty OTS document-recording cameras which route to them each month over one hundred thousand feet of microfilm.
II
What did we find? You'd like some outstanding examples from the war secrets collection?
The head of the communications unit of Technical Industrial Intelligence Branch opened his desk drawer and took out the tiniest vacuum tube I had ever seen. It was about half thumb-size.
"Notice it is heavy porcelain -- not glass -- and thus virtually indestructible. It is a thousand watt -- one-tenth the size of similar American tube. Today our manufacturers know the secret of making it.... And here's something...."
He pulled some brown, papery-looking ribbon off a spool. It was a quarter-inch wide, with a dull and a shiny side.
"That's Magnetophone tape," he said. "It's plastic, metallized on one side with iron oxide. In Germany that supplanted phonograph recordings. A day's Radio program can be magnetized on one reel. You can demagnetize it, wipe it off and put a new program on at any time. No needle; so absolutely no noise or record wear. An hour-long reel costs fifty cents." He showed me then what had been two of the most closely-guarded technical secrets of the war: the infra-red device which the Germans invented for seeing at night, and the remarkable diminutive generator which operated it. German cars could drive at any speed in a total blackout, seeing objects clear as day two hundred meters ahead. Tanks with this device could spot targets two miles away. As a sniper scope it enabled German riflemen to pick off a man in total blackness.
There was a sighting tube, and a selenium screen out front. The screen caught the incoming infra-red light, which drove electrons .from the selenium along the tube to another screen which was electrically charged and fluorescent. A visible image appeared on this screen. Its clearness and its accuracy for aiming purposes were phenomenal. Inside the tube, distortion of the stream of electrons by the earth's magnetism was even allowed for!
The diminutive generator -- five inches across -- stepped up current from an ordinary flashlight battery to 15,000 volts. It had. 'a walnut-sized motor which spun a rotor at 10,000 rpm -- so fast that originally it had destroyed all lubricants with the great amount of ozone it produced. The Germans had developed a new grease: chlorinated paraffin oil. The generator then ran 3,000 hours!
A canvas bag on the sniper's back housed the device. His rifle had two triggers. He pressed one for a few seconds to operate the generator and the scope.. Then the other to kill his man in the dark. "That captured secret," my guide de-dared, "we first used at Okinawa -- to-the bewilderment of the Japs."
We got, in addition, among these prize secrets, the technique and the machine for making the world's most remarkable electric condenser. Millions of condensers are essential to the radio and radar industry. Our condensers were always made of metal foil. This one is made of .paper, coated with 1/250,000 of an inch of vaporized zinc. Forty per cent smaller, twenty per cent cheaper than our condensers, it is also self-healing. That is, if a breakdown occurs (like a fuse blowing out), the zinc film evaporates, the paper immediately insulates, and the condenser is right again. It: keeps on working through multiple breakdown -- at fifty per cent higher voltage than our condensers! To most American radio experts this is magic, double-distilled.
Mica was another thing. None is mined in Germany, so during the war our Signal Corps was mystified. Where was Germany getting it?
One, day certain piece of mica was handed to one of our experts in the U.S. Bureau of Mines for analysis and opinion. "Natural mica," he reported, "and no impurities."
But the mica was synthetic. the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Silicate Research had discovered how to make it and -- something which had always eluded scientists -- in large sheets.
We know now, thanks to FIAT teams, that ingredients of natural mica were melted in crucibles of carbon capable of taking 2,350 degrees of heat, and then -- this was the real secret -- cooled in a special way. Complete absence of vibration was the first essential. Then two forces directly perpendicular to each other were applied. One, vertically, was a controlled gradient of temperature in the cooling. At right angles to this, horizontally, was introduced a magnetic field. This forced the formation of the crystals in large laminated sheets on that plane.
"You see this . . .the head of Communications Unit, TIIB, said to me. It was metal, and looked like a complicated doll's house with the roof off. "It is the chassis or frame, for a radio. To make the same thing, Americans would machine cut, hollow, shape, fit -- a dozen different processes. This is done on a press in one operation. It is called the 'cold extrusion' process. We do it with some soft, splattery metals. But by this process the Germans do it with cold steel! Thousands of parts now made as castings or drop forgings or from malleable iron can now be made this way. The production speed increase is a little matter of one thousand per cent."
This one war secret alone, many American steel men believe, will revolutionize dozens of our metal fabrication industries.
In textiles the war secrets collection has produced so many revelations, that American textile men are a little dizzy. There is a German rayon-weaving machine, discovered a year ago by the American 'Knitting Machine' Team, which increases production in relation to floor space by one hundred and fifty percent. Their "Links-Links" loom produces a ladderless, run-proof hosiery. New German needle-making machinery, it is thought will revolutionize that business in both the United Kingdom and the United States. There is a German method for pulling the wool from sheepskins without injury to hide or fiber, by use of an enzyme. Formerly the "puller" -- a trade secret -- was made from animal pancreas from American packing houses. During the war the Nazis made it from a mold called aspergil paraciticus, which they seeded in bran. It results not only in better wool, but in ten per cent greater yield.
Another discovery was a way to put a crimp in viscose rayon fibers which gives them the appearance, warmth, wear resistance, and reaction-to-dyes of wool. The secret here, our investigators found, was the addition to the cellulose of twenty-five per cent fish protein.
But of all the industrial secrets, perhaps, the biggest windfall came from the laboratories and plants of the great German cartel, I. G. Farbenindustrie. Never before, it is claimed, was there such a store-house of secret information. It covers liquid and solid fuels, metallurgy, synthetic rubber, textiles, chemicals, plastics. drugs, dyes. One American dye authority declares:
"It. includes the production know-how and the secret formulas for over fifty thousand dyes. Many of them are faster and better than ours. Many are colors we were never able to make. The American dye industry will be advanced at least ten years."
III
IN MATTERS of food, medicine, and branches of the military art the finds of the search teams were no less impressive. And in aeronautics and guided missiles they proved to be downright alarming. One of the food secrets the Nazis had discovered was a way to sterilize fruitjuices without heat. The" juice was filtered, then cooled, then carbonated and stored under eight atmospheres of carbon-dioxide pressure. Later the carbon-dioxide was removed; the-juice passed through another filter -- which, this time, germ-proofed it -- and then was bottled. Some thing, perhaps, for American canners to think about.
Milk pasteurization by ultra-violet light has always failed .in other countries, but the Germans had found how to do it by using light tubes of great length, and simultaneously how to enrich the milk with vitamin D.
At a plant in Kiel, British searchers of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Committee found that cheese was being made -- "good quality Hollander and Tilitser" -- by a new method at unheard-of speed. "Eighty minutes from the renneting to the hooping of the curd," report the investigators. The cheese industry around the world had never been able to equal that.
Butter (in a creamery near Hamburg) was being produced by something long wished for by American butter makers: a continuous butter making machine. An invention of dairy equipment manufacturers in Stuttgart, it took up less space than American churns and turned out fifteen hundred pounds an hour. The machine was promptly shipped to this country to be tested by the American Butter Institute.
Among other food innovations was a German way of making yeast in almost limitless quantities. The waste sulfite liquor from the beechwood used to manufacture cellulose was treated with an organism known to bacteriologists as candida arborea at temperatures higher than ever used in yeast manufacture before. The finished product served as both animal and human food. Its caloric value is four times that of lean meat, and it contains twice as much protein.
The Germans also had developed new methods of preserving food by plastics and new, advanced refrigeration techniques. Refrigeration and air-conditioning on German U-boats had become so efficient that the submarines could travel from Germany to the Pacific, operate there for two months, and then return to Germany without having to take on fresh water for the crew. A secret plastics mixture (among its ingredients were polyvinyl acetate, chalk, and talc) was used to coat bread and cheese A loaf fresh from the oven was dipped, dried, redipped, then heated half an hour at 285 degrees. It would be unspoiled and good to eat eight months later.
As for medical secrets in this collection," one Army-surgeon has remarked, "some of them will save American medicine years of research; some of them are revolutionary -- like, for instance, the German technique for treatment after prolonged and usually fatal exposure to cold." This discovery -- revealed to us by Major Alexander's search already mentioned -- reversed everything medical science .thought about the subject. In every one of the dread experiments the subjects were most successfully revived, both temporarily and permanently, by immediate immersion in hot water. In two cases of complete standstill of heart and cessation of respiration, a hot bath at 122 degrees brought both subjects back to life. Before our war with Japan ended, this method was adopted as the treatment for use by all American Air-Sea Rescue Services, and it is generally accepted by medicine. today.
German medical researchers had discovered a way to produce synthetic blood plasma. Called capain, it was made on a commercial scale and equaled natural plasma, in results. Another discovery was periston, a substitute for the blood liquid. An oxidation production of adrenalin (adrenichrome) was produced in quantity successfully only by the Nazis and was used with good results in combating high blood pressure (of which 750,000 persons die annually in the United States). Today we have the secret of manufacture and considerable of the supply.
Likewise of great importance medically were certain researches by Dr. Boris Rojewsky of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Biophysics at Frankfurt. These were on the ionization of air as related to health. Positively ionized air was discovered to have deleterious effects upon human well-being, and to account for the discomfort and depression felt at times when the barometer is falling. In many persons, it was found, its presence brought on asthma, hay fever, and nervous tension. It raised high blood pressure, sometimes to the danger point. It would bring on the symptoms common in mountain sickness-labored and rapid breathing, dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness.
Negatively ionized air, however, did all the opposite. It was exhilarating, creating a feeling of high spirits and well-being. Mental depression was wiped out by it. In pathological cases it steadied breathing, reduced high blood pressure, was a check on allergies and asthma. The importance of its presence wherever human beings live, work, or recuperate from illness may some day make its production one of the major functions of air conditioning.
IV
But of highest significance for the future were the Nazi secrets in aviation and in various types of missiles.
"The V.2 rocket, which bombed London," an Army Air Force publication reports, "was just a toy compared to what the Germans had up their sleeve."
When the war ended, we now know, they had 138 types of guided missiles in various stages of production or development, using every known kind of remote control and fuse: radio, radar, wire, continuous wave, acoustics, infra-red, light beams, and magnetics, to name some; and for power, all methods of jet propulsion for either subsonic or supersonic speeds. Jet propulsion had even been applied to helicopter flight. The fuel was piped to combustion chambers at the rotor blade tips, where it exploded, whirling: the blades around like a lawn sprinkler or pinwheel. As for rocket propulsion, their A-4 rocket, which was just getting into large scale production when the war ended, was forty-six feet long, weighed over 24,000 pounds, and traveled 230 miles. It rose sixty miles above the earth and had a maximum speed of 3,735 miles an hour -- three times that of the earth's rotation at the equator. The secret of its supersonic speed, we know today, lay in its rocket motor which used liquid oxygen and alcohol for fuel. It was either radio controlled or self-guided to its target by gyroscopic means. Since its speed was supersonic, it could not be heard before it struck.
Another German rocket which was coming along was the A-9. This was bigger still -- 29,000 pounds -- and had wings which gave it a flying range of 3,000 miles. It was manufactured at the famous Peenem�nde army experiment station and achieved the unbelievable speed of 5,870 miles an hour.
A long range rocket-motored bomber which, the war documents indicate, was never completed merely because of the war's quick ending, would have been capable of flight from Germany to New York in forty minutes. Pilot-guided from a pressurized cabin, it would have flown at an altitude of 154 miles. Launching was to be by catapult at 500 miles an hour, and the ship would rise to its maximum altitude in as short a time as four minutes. There, fuel exhausted, it would glide through the outer atmosphere, bearing down on its target. With one hundred bombers of this type the Germans hoped to destroy any city on earth in a few days' operations.
Little wonder, then, that today Army Air Force experts declare publicly that in rocket power and guided missiles the Nazis were ahead of us by at least ten years.
The Germans even had devices ready which would take care of pilots forced to leave supersonic planes in flight. Normally a pilot who stuck his head out at such speeds would have it shorn off. His parachute on opening would burst in space. To prevent these calamitous happenings an ejector seat had been invented which flung the pilot clear instantaneously. His chute was already burst, that is, made of latticed ribbons which checked his fall only alter the down-drag of his weight began to close its holes.
A Nazi variation of the guided air missile was a torpedo for underwater work which went unerringly to its mark, drawn by the propeller sound of the victim ship from as far away as ten miles. This missile swam thirty feet below the water, at forty miles an hour, and left no wake. When directly under its target, it exploded.
All such revelations naturally raise the question: was Germany so far advanced in air, rocket, and missile research that, given a little more time, she might have won the war? Her war secrets, as now disclosed, would seem to indicate that possibility. And the Deputy Commanding General of Army Air Forces Intelligence, Air Technical Service Command, has told the Society of Aeronautical Engineers within the past few months:
"The Germans were preparing rocket surprises for the whole world in general and England in particular which would have, it is believed, changed the course of the war if the invasion had been postponed for so short a time as half a year."
V
For the release and dissemination of all these 'one-time secrets the Office of the Publication Board was established by an order of President Truman within ten days after Japan surrendered. 'The order directed that not only enemy war secrets should be published, but also (with some exceptions) all American secrets, scientific and technical, of all government war boards. (The Office of Scientific Research and Development, the National Research Council, and other such.) And thereby was created what is being termed now the biggest publishing problem a government agency ever had to handle.
For the war secrets, which conventionally used to be counted in scores, will run to three-quarters of a million separate documentary items (two-thirds of them on aeronautics) and will require several years and several hundreds of people to screen and prepare them for wide public use.
Today translators and abstracters of the Office of Technical Services, successor to the OPB, arc processing them at the rate of about a thousand a week. Indexing and cataloguing the part of the collection which will be permanently kept may require more than two millions cards; and at Wright Field the task is so complicated that electric punch-card machine; are to be installed. A whole new glossary of German-English terms has had to be compiled -- something like forty thousand words on new technical and scientific items.
With so many documents, it has, of course, been impossible because of time and money limitations to reprint or reproduce more than a very few. To tell the public what is available, therefore, the OTS issues a bibliography weekly. This contains the newest war secrets information as released -- with titles, prices of copies currently available or to be made up, and an abstract of contents.
The original document, or the microfilm copy, is then generally sent to the Library of Congress, which is now the greatest depository. To make them more easily accessible to the public, the Library sends copies, when enough are available, to about 125 so-called "depository" libraries throughout the United States.
And is the public doing anything with these one-time war secrets? It is -- it is eating them up. As many as twenty thousand orders have been filled in a month, and the order rate is now a thousand items a day. Scientists and engineers declare that the information is "cutting years from the time we would devote to problems already scientifically investigated." And American business men ...! A run through the Publication Board's letters file shows the following;
The Bendix Company in South Bend, Indiana, writes for a German patent on the record player changer "with records stacked above the turntable." Pillsbury Mills wants to have what is available on German flour and bread production methods. Kendall Manufacturing Company ("Soapine") wants insect repellent compounds. Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Company, Iowa, asks about "interrogation of research workers at the agricultural high school at Hohenheim." Pacific Mills requests I. G. Farbenindustrie's water-repellent, crease-resistant finish for spun rayon. The Polaroid Company would like something on "the status of exploitation of photography and optics in Germany." (There are, incidentally, ten to twenty thousand German patents yet to be screened.)
The most insatiable customer is Amtorg, the Soviet Union's foreign trade organization. One of its representatives walked into the Publication Board office with the bibliography-in hand and said, "I want copies of everything." The Russians sent one order in May for $5,594.00 worth -- two thousand separate war secrets reports. In general, they buy every report issued. Americans, too, think there is extraordinarily good prospecting in the war secrets lode. Company executives practically park on the OTS's front doorstep, wanting to be first to get hold of a particular report on publication. Some information is so valuable that to get it a single day ahead of a competitor, may be worth thousands of dollars. But the OTS takes elaborate precautions to be sure that no report is ever available to anyone before general public release.
After a certain American aircraft company had ordered a particular captured war document, it was queried as to whether the information therein had made it or saved it any money. The cost of the report had been a few dollars. The company answered: "Yea -- at least a hundred thousand dollars."
A research head of another business firm took notes for three hours in the OTS offices one day. "Thanks very much," he said, as he stood to go, "the notes from these documents are worth at least half a million dollars to my company."
And after seeing the complete report the German synthetic fiber industry, one American manufacturer remarked:
"This report would be worth twenty million dollars to my company if it could have it exclusively."
Of course you, and anybody else, can now have it, and lots of other once secret information, for a few dollars. All the war secrets, as released, are completely in the public domain.
Harper's Magazine
October, 1946
Page 329
SECRETS BY THE THOUSANDS
C. Lester Walker
Harper's readers are familiar with Mr. Walker's articles and the skillful mechanics of the Allied war. He now gives us a look at some of the disconcertingly effective tricks that were hidden up the enemy sleeve.
Someone wrote to Wright Field recently, saying he understood this country had got together quite a collection of enemy war secrets, that many were now on public sale, and could he, please, be sent everything on German jet engines. The Air Documents Division of the Army Air Forces answered:
"Sorry -- but that would be fifty tons."
Moreover, that fifty tons was just a small portion of what is today undoubtedly the biggest collection of captured enemy war secrets ever assembled. If you always thought of war secrets -- as who hasn't? -- as coming in sixes and sevens, as a few items of information readily handed on to the properly interested authorities, it may interest you to learn that the war secrets in this collection run into the thousands, that the mass of documents is mountainous, and that there was never before been anything quite comparable to it.
The collection is today chiefly in three places: Wright Field (Ohio), the Library of Congress, and the Department of Commerce. Wright Field is working from a documents "mother lode" of fifteen hundred tons. In Washington, the Office of Technical Services (which has absorbed the Office of the Publication Board, the government agency originally set up to handle the collection) reports that tens of thousands of tons of material are involved. It is estimated that over a million separate items must be handled, and that they are, very likely, practically all the scientific, industrial and military secrets of Nazi Germany.
One Washington official has called it "the greatest single source of this type of material in the world, the first orderly exploitation of an entire country's brain-power."
How the collection came to be goes back, for beginnings, to one day in 1944 when the Allied Combined Chief' of Staff set in motion a colossal search for war secrets in occupied German territory. They created a group of military-civilian teams, termed the Joint Intelligence Objectives Committee, which was to follow the invading armies into Germany and uncover all her military, scientific, and industrial secrets for early use against Japan. These teams worked against tine to get the most vital information be: ore it was. destroyed, and in getting it performed prodigies of ingenuity and tenacity.
At an optical company at Wetzlav, near Frankfurt, for example, the American colonel investigating felt positive that the high executives were holding out on him. But nothing would shake their story: they had given him everything. He returned next day with a legal document which he asked them all to sign. It declared they had turned over "all scientific and trade data; and if not, would accept the consequences." Two days later they glumly signed the document, then led he colonel to a cache in a warehouse will. From a safe tumbled out the secret file on optical instruments, microscopy, aiming devices.
One two-man search team found itself completely stymied. Records that they had to find had completely disappeared. A rumor indicated they might have been hidden in a mountain. The two scoured the region in a jeep. Nothing. But keeping at it, they stumbled one day onto a small woods road whose entrance was posted:
Achtung! Minen!
Gingerly, slowly, they inched their jeep in. Nothing happened. But a concrete dugout sunk in the hill revealed another sign: "Opening Will Cause Explosion."
"We tossed a coin," one member of this search team said later, "and the loser hitched the jeep tow rope to the dugout door, held his breath! and stepped on the gas."
There was no explosion. The door-ripped from its hinges. The sought-for secret files were inside.
The German Patent Office put some of its most secret patents down a sixteen-hundred-foot mine shaft at Heringen, then piled liquid oxygen, in cylinders, on top of them. When the American Joint Intelligence Objectives team found them, & was doubtful that they could be saved. They were legible, but in such bad shape that a trip to the surface would make them disintegrate. Photo equipment and a crew were therefore lowered into the shaft and a complete microfilm record made of the patents there.
PERHAPS one of the most exciting searches was also the grimmest. This was the hunt for hidden documents which might reveal that Nazi scientists had frozen human beings to death and then tried to bring them back to life again. Interviewing four Nazi doctors one day in June 1945, at a laboratory of the Institut f�r Luftfahrtmedizin, at Gut Hirschau, Bavaria, an American medical corps major, Leo Alexander, was struck with the dreadful conviction, despite repeated denials, that this had occurred.
His suspicion were aroused by three things. All the small animal laboratory equipment was carefully preached; all large-animal equipment destroyed. One of the doctors wanted to dissolve his research institute and dismiss his staff. And none of the scientists could find any data on human beings at all, not even on those rescued from North Sea waters and saved by the new revival techniques. Did this mean that everything of the sort was hidden away with other data which, the doctors didn't want to show?
Wishing to leave the four Germans in a frame of mind not to destroy their records, the American concealed his suspicions, and, for the time being, transferred his search elsewhere.
Chance suddenly played into his hands. The Allied radio one night broadcast a grim tale of the Dachau concentration camp. Researches on death, and treatment of shock, from exposure to cold had been performed on prisoners. The broadcast named the leading experimenter, one Dr. Rascher, and called him a member of the medical staff of the SS.
For Alexander this was a lead. He happened just to have learned that the American Seventh Army had recently captured a vast mass of especially secret SS records. He therefore headed for the Seventh Army Documents Center to see what was there.
There was more than he anticipated. Even to the complete and final report -- Himmler's personal copy, with his green-penciled annotations, all over it -- with the names of Rascher and all others involved, and containing all the damning details of the almost unbelievable experiments.
Victims had been immersed naked in ice water until they lost consciousness. All the time elaborate testings were constantly made: rectal, skin, and interior-of-the-stomach temperatures; pulse, blood sugar, blood chlorides, blood count and sedimentation; urine tests; spinal fluid. Appendix 7, Figure 5, showed that seven subjects were chilled to death beyond revival in from fifty-three to one hundred and six minutes.
"This table," Alexander commented in his own report, "is certainly the most laconic confession of seven murders in existence."
It had been with the rest of the documents -- in Himmler's private cave in mountain at Hallein. Even though the aide of the mountain had been dynamited down over the cave mouth, the American searchers had found it.
The earliest Joint Intelligence Objectives search teams were followed by others, which were to dig out industrial and scientific secrets in particular. The Technical Industrial Intelligence Committee was one group of these, composed of three hundred and eighty civilians representing seventeen American industries. Later came the teams of the Office of the Publication Board itself and many mow groups direct from private industry. Of the latter -- called, in Germany, Field Intelligence Agencies, Technical (FIAT) -- there have been over five hundred; of one to ten members each, operating by invitation and under the aegis of the OPB.
Today the search still goes on. The Office of Technical Services has a European staff of four to five hundred J At Hoechst, it has one hundred abstractors who struggle feverishly to keep ahead of the forty OTS document-recording cameras which route to them each month over one hundred thousand feet of microfilm.
II
What did we find? You'd like some outstanding examples from the war secrets collection?
The head of the communications unit of Technical Industrial Intelligence Branch opened his desk drawer and took out the tiniest vacuum tube I had ever seen. It was about half thumb-size.
"Notice it is heavy porcelain -- not glass -- and thus virtually indestructible. It is a thousand watt -- one-tenth the size of similar American tube. Today our manufacturers know the secret of making it.... And here's something...."
He pulled some brown, papery-looking ribbon off a spool. It was a quarter-inch wide, with a dull and a shiny side.
"That's Magnetophone tape," he said. "It's plastic, metallized on one side with iron oxide. In Germany that supplanted phonograph recordings. A day's Radio program can be magnetized on one reel. You can demagnetize it, wipe it off and put a new program on at any time. No needle; so absolutely no noise or record wear. An hour-long reel costs fifty cents." He showed me then what had been two of the most closely-guarded technical secrets of the war: the infra-red device which the Germans invented for seeing at night, and the remarkable diminutive generator which operated it. German cars could drive at any speed in a total blackout, seeing objects clear as day two hundred meters ahead. Tanks with this device could spot targets two miles away. As a sniper scope it enabled German riflemen to pick off a man in total blackness.
There was a sighting tube, and a selenium screen out front. The screen caught the incoming infra-red light, which drove electrons .from the selenium along the tube to another screen which was electrically charged and fluorescent. A visible image appeared on this screen. Its clearness and its accuracy for aiming purposes were phenomenal. Inside the tube, distortion of the stream of electrons by the earth's magnetism was even allowed for!
The diminutive generator -- five inches across -- stepped up current from an ordinary flashlight battery to 15,000 volts. It had. 'a walnut-sized motor which spun a rotor at 10,000 rpm -- so fast that originally it had destroyed all lubricants with the great amount of ozone it produced. The Germans had developed a new grease: chlorinated paraffin oil. The generator then ran 3,000 hours!
A canvas bag on the sniper's back housed the device. His rifle had two triggers. He pressed one for a few seconds to operate the generator and the scope.. Then the other to kill his man in the dark. "That captured secret," my guide de-dared, "we first used at Okinawa -- to-the bewilderment of the Japs."
We got, in addition, among these prize secrets, the technique and the machine for making the world's most remarkable electric condenser. Millions of condensers are essential to the radio and radar industry. Our condensers were always made of metal foil. This one is made of .paper, coated with 1/250,000 of an inch of vaporized zinc. Forty per cent smaller, twenty per cent cheaper than our condensers, it is also self-healing. That is, if a breakdown occurs (like a fuse blowing out), the zinc film evaporates, the paper immediately insulates, and the condenser is right again. It: keeps on working through multiple breakdown -- at fifty per cent higher voltage than our condensers! To most American radio experts this is magic, double-distilled.
Mica was another thing. None is mined in Germany, so during the war our Signal Corps was mystified. Where was Germany getting it?
One, day certain piece of mica was handed to one of our experts in the U.S. Bureau of Mines for analysis and opinion. "Natural mica," he reported, "and no impurities."
But the mica was synthetic. the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Silicate Research had discovered how to make it and -- something which had always eluded scientists -- in large sheets.
We know now, thanks to FIAT teams, that ingredients of natural mica were melted in crucibles of carbon capable of taking 2,350 degrees of heat, and then -- this was the real secret -- cooled in a special way. Complete absence of vibration was the first essential. Then two forces directly perpendicular to each other were applied. One, vertically, was a controlled gradient of temperature in the cooling. At right angles to this, horizontally, was introduced a magnetic field. This forced the formation of the crystals in large laminated sheets on that plane.
"You see this . . .the head of Communications Unit, TIIB, said to me. It was metal, and looked like a complicated doll's house with the roof off. "It is the chassis or frame, for a radio. To make the same thing, Americans would machine cut, hollow, shape, fit -- a dozen different processes. This is done on a press in one operation. It is called the 'cold extrusion' process. We do it with some soft, splattery metals. But by this process the Germans do it with cold steel! Thousands of parts now made as castings or drop forgings or from malleable iron can now be made this way. The production speed increase is a little matter of one thousand per cent."
This one war secret alone, many American steel men believe, will revolutionize dozens of our metal fabrication industries.
In textiles the war secrets collection has produced so many revelations, that American textile men are a little dizzy. There is a German rayon-weaving machine, discovered a year ago by the American 'Knitting Machine' Team, which increases production in relation to floor space by one hundred and fifty percent. Their "Links-Links" loom produces a ladderless, run-proof hosiery. New German needle-making machinery, it is thought will revolutionize that business in both the United Kingdom and the United States. There is a German method for pulling the wool from sheepskins without injury to hide or fiber, by use of an enzyme. Formerly the "puller" -- a trade secret -- was made from animal pancreas from American packing houses. During the war the Nazis made it from a mold called aspergil paraciticus, which they seeded in bran. It results not only in better wool, but in ten per cent greater yield.
Another discovery was a way to put a crimp in viscose rayon fibers which gives them the appearance, warmth, wear resistance, and reaction-to-dyes of wool. The secret here, our investigators found, was the addition to the cellulose of twenty-five per cent fish protein.
But of all the industrial secrets, perhaps, the biggest windfall came from the laboratories and plants of the great German cartel, I. G. Farbenindustrie. Never before, it is claimed, was there such a store-house of secret information. It covers liquid and solid fuels, metallurgy, synthetic rubber, textiles, chemicals, plastics. drugs, dyes. One American dye authority declares:
"It. includes the production know-how and the secret formulas for over fifty thousand dyes. Many of them are faster and better than ours. Many are colors we were never able to make. The American dye industry will be advanced at least ten years."
III
IN MATTERS of food, medicine, and branches of the military art the finds of the search teams were no less impressive. And in aeronautics and guided missiles they proved to be downright alarming. One of the food secrets the Nazis had discovered was a way to sterilize fruitjuices without heat. The" juice was filtered, then cooled, then carbonated and stored under eight atmospheres of carbon-dioxide pressure. Later the carbon-dioxide was removed; the-juice passed through another filter -- which, this time, germ-proofed it -- and then was bottled. Some thing, perhaps, for American canners to think about.
Milk pasteurization by ultra-violet light has always failed .in other countries, but the Germans had found how to do it by using light tubes of great length, and simultaneously how to enrich the milk with vitamin D.
At a plant in Kiel, British searchers of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Committee found that cheese was being made -- "good quality Hollander and Tilitser" -- by a new method at unheard-of speed. "Eighty minutes from the renneting to the hooping of the curd," report the investigators. The cheese industry around the world had never been able to equal that.
Butter (in a creamery near Hamburg) was being produced by something long wished for by American butter makers: a continuous butter making machine. An invention of dairy equipment manufacturers in Stuttgart, it took up less space than American churns and turned out fifteen hundred pounds an hour. The machine was promptly shipped to this country to be tested by the American Butter Institute.
Among other food innovations was a German way of making yeast in almost limitless quantities. The waste sulfite liquor from the beechwood used to manufacture cellulose was treated with an organism known to bacteriologists as candida arborea at temperatures higher than ever used in yeast manufacture before. The finished product served as both animal and human food. Its caloric value is four times that of lean meat, and it contains twice as much protein.
The Germans also had developed new methods of preserving food by plastics and new, advanced refrigeration techniques. Refrigeration and air-conditioning on German U-boats had become so efficient that the submarines could travel from Germany to the Pacific, operate there for two months, and then return to Germany without having to take on fresh water for the crew. A secret plastics mixture (among its ingredients were polyvinyl acetate, chalk, and talc) was used to coat bread and cheese A loaf fresh from the oven was dipped, dried, redipped, then heated half an hour at 285 degrees. It would be unspoiled and good to eat eight months later.
As for medical secrets in this collection," one Army-surgeon has remarked, "some of them will save American medicine years of research; some of them are revolutionary -- like, for instance, the German technique for treatment after prolonged and usually fatal exposure to cold." This discovery -- revealed to us by Major Alexander's search already mentioned -- reversed everything medical science .thought about the subject. In every one of the dread experiments the subjects were most successfully revived, both temporarily and permanently, by immediate immersion in hot water. In two cases of complete standstill of heart and cessation of respiration, a hot bath at 122 degrees brought both subjects back to life. Before our war with Japan ended, this method was adopted as the treatment for use by all American Air-Sea Rescue Services, and it is generally accepted by medicine. today.
German medical researchers had discovered a way to produce synthetic blood plasma. Called capain, it was made on a commercial scale and equaled natural plasma, in results. Another discovery was periston, a substitute for the blood liquid. An oxidation production of adrenalin (adrenichrome) was produced in quantity successfully only by the Nazis and was used with good results in combating high blood pressure (of which 750,000 persons die annually in the United States). Today we have the secret of manufacture and considerable of the supply.
Likewise of great importance medically were certain researches by Dr. Boris Rojewsky of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Biophysics at Frankfurt. These were on the ionization of air as related to health. Positively ionized air was discovered to have deleterious effects upon human well-being, and to account for the discomfort and depression felt at times when the barometer is falling. In many persons, it was found, its presence brought on asthma, hay fever, and nervous tension. It raised high blood pressure, sometimes to the danger point. It would bring on the symptoms common in mountain sickness-labored and rapid breathing, dizziness, fatigue, sleepiness.
Negatively ionized air, however, did all the opposite. It was exhilarating, creating a feeling of high spirits and well-being. Mental depression was wiped out by it. In pathological cases it steadied breathing, reduced high blood pressure, was a check on allergies and asthma. The importance of its presence wherever human beings live, work, or recuperate from illness may some day make its production one of the major functions of air conditioning.
IV
But of highest significance for the future were the Nazi secrets in aviation and in various types of missiles.
"The V.2 rocket, which bombed London," an Army Air Force publication reports, "was just a toy compared to what the Germans had up their sleeve."
When the war ended, we now know, they had 138 types of guided missiles in various stages of production or development, using every known kind of remote control and fuse: radio, radar, wire, continuous wave, acoustics, infra-red, light beams, and magnetics, to name some; and for power, all methods of jet propulsion for either subsonic or supersonic speeds. Jet propulsion had even been applied to helicopter flight. The fuel was piped to combustion chambers at the rotor blade tips, where it exploded, whirling: the blades around like a lawn sprinkler or pinwheel. As for rocket propulsion, their A-4 rocket, which was just getting into large scale production when the war ended, was forty-six feet long, weighed over 24,000 pounds, and traveled 230 miles. It rose sixty miles above the earth and had a maximum speed of 3,735 miles an hour -- three times that of the earth's rotation at the equator. The secret of its supersonic speed, we know today, lay in its rocket motor which used liquid oxygen and alcohol for fuel. It was either radio controlled or self-guided to its target by gyroscopic means. Since its speed was supersonic, it could not be heard before it struck.
Another German rocket which was coming along was the A-9. This was bigger still -- 29,000 pounds -- and had wings which gave it a flying range of 3,000 miles. It was manufactured at the famous Peenem�nde army experiment station and achieved the unbelievable speed of 5,870 miles an hour.
A long range rocket-motored bomber which, the war documents indicate, was never completed merely because of the war's quick ending, would have been capable of flight from Germany to New York in forty minutes. Pilot-guided from a pressurized cabin, it would have flown at an altitude of 154 miles. Launching was to be by catapult at 500 miles an hour, and the ship would rise to its maximum altitude in as short a time as four minutes. There, fuel exhausted, it would glide through the outer atmosphere, bearing down on its target. With one hundred bombers of this type the Germans hoped to destroy any city on earth in a few days' operations.
Little wonder, then, that today Army Air Force experts declare publicly that in rocket power and guided missiles the Nazis were ahead of us by at least ten years.
The Germans even had devices ready which would take care of pilots forced to leave supersonic planes in flight. Normally a pilot who stuck his head out at such speeds would have it shorn off. His parachute on opening would burst in space. To prevent these calamitous happenings an ejector seat had been invented which flung the pilot clear instantaneously. His chute was already burst, that is, made of latticed ribbons which checked his fall only alter the down-drag of his weight began to close its holes.
A Nazi variation of the guided air missile was a torpedo for underwater work which went unerringly to its mark, drawn by the propeller sound of the victim ship from as far away as ten miles. This missile swam thirty feet below the water, at forty miles an hour, and left no wake. When directly under its target, it exploded.
All such revelations naturally raise the question: was Germany so far advanced in air, rocket, and missile research that, given a little more time, she might have won the war? Her war secrets, as now disclosed, would seem to indicate that possibility. And the Deputy Commanding General of Army Air Forces Intelligence, Air Technical Service Command, has told the Society of Aeronautical Engineers within the past few months:
"The Germans were preparing rocket surprises for the whole world in general and England in particular which would have, it is believed, changed the course of the war if the invasion had been postponed for so short a time as half a year."
V
For the release and dissemination of all these 'one-time secrets the Office of the Publication Board was established by an order of President Truman within ten days after Japan surrendered. 'The order directed that not only enemy war secrets should be published, but also (with some exceptions) all American secrets, scientific and technical, of all government war boards. (The Office of Scientific Research and Development, the National Research Council, and other such.) And thereby was created what is being termed now the biggest publishing problem a government agency ever had to handle.
For the war secrets, which conventionally used to be counted in scores, will run to three-quarters of a million separate documentary items (two-thirds of them on aeronautics) and will require several years and several hundreds of people to screen and prepare them for wide public use.
Today translators and abstracters of the Office of Technical Services, successor to the OPB, arc processing them at the rate of about a thousand a week. Indexing and cataloguing the part of the collection which will be permanently kept may require more than two millions cards; and at Wright Field the task is so complicated that electric punch-card machine; are to be installed. A whole new glossary of German-English terms has had to be compiled -- something like forty thousand words on new technical and scientific items.
With so many documents, it has, of course, been impossible because of time and money limitations to reprint or reproduce more than a very few. To tell the public what is available, therefore, the OTS issues a bibliography weekly. This contains the newest war secrets information as released -- with titles, prices of copies currently available or to be made up, and an abstract of contents.
The original document, or the microfilm copy, is then generally sent to the Library of Congress, which is now the greatest depository. To make them more easily accessible to the public, the Library sends copies, when enough are available, to about 125 so-called "depository" libraries throughout the United States.
And is the public doing anything with these one-time war secrets? It is -- it is eating them up. As many as twenty thousand orders have been filled in a month, and the order rate is now a thousand items a day. Scientists and engineers declare that the information is "cutting years from the time we would devote to problems already scientifically investigated." And American business men ...! A run through the Publication Board's letters file shows the following;
The Bendix Company in South Bend, Indiana, writes for a German patent on the record player changer "with records stacked above the turntable." Pillsbury Mills wants to have what is available on German flour and bread production methods. Kendall Manufacturing Company ("Soapine") wants insect repellent compounds. Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Company, Iowa, asks about "interrogation of research workers at the agricultural high school at Hohenheim." Pacific Mills requests I. G. Farbenindustrie's water-repellent, crease-resistant finish for spun rayon. The Polaroid Company would like something on "the status of exploitation of photography and optics in Germany." (There are, incidentally, ten to twenty thousand German patents yet to be screened.)
The most insatiable customer is Amtorg, the Soviet Union's foreign trade organization. One of its representatives walked into the Publication Board office with the bibliography-in hand and said, "I want copies of everything." The Russians sent one order in May for $5,594.00 worth -- two thousand separate war secrets reports. In general, they buy every report issued. Americans, too, think there is extraordinarily good prospecting in the war secrets lode. Company executives practically park on the OTS's front doorstep, wanting to be first to get hold of a particular report on publication. Some information is so valuable that to get it a single day ahead of a competitor, may be worth thousands of dollars. But the OTS takes elaborate precautions to be sure that no report is ever available to anyone before general public release.
After a certain American aircraft company had ordered a particular captured war document, it was queried as to whether the information therein had made it or saved it any money. The cost of the report had been a few dollars. The company answered: "Yea -- at least a hundred thousand dollars."
A research head of another business firm took notes for three hours in the OTS offices one day. "Thanks very much," he said, as he stood to go, "the notes from these documents are worth at least half a million dollars to my company."
And after seeing the complete report the German synthetic fiber industry, one American manufacturer remarked:
"This report would be worth twenty million dollars to my company if it could have it exclusively."
Of course you, and anybody else, can now have it, and lots of other once secret information, for a few dollars. All the war secrets, as released, are completely in the public domain.
Originally posted by sweatmonicaIdo
We are all aware of those bizarre and potentially devestating weapons of war developed by the brilliant Nazi scientists and engineers during Hitler's reign. Here are just a few:
Don't forget an ambitious atomic program headed by Werner Heisenberg and access to a bulk of the worlds heavy water at the time
Technololgy is not everything- knowlage and logic wins wars...
Has anyone heard about the angels of death from the natzi war camps during ww2- most of the people that worked there had been captured and would rather of worked with the nazis than against them.
The angels of death were doctors in the concentration camps that would mutilate people for their own experiments eg tryin to change eye colour or sew twins together.
More info on these people can be found at www.crimelibrary.com- you want to look for a Dr Josef Mengele- he is a truely messed up man.
The Nazis will never defeat anyone coz they are all too sick- especially after you read about the doctors- i appologise i dont know how to make a link!!!!
Has anyone heard about the angels of death from the natzi war camps during ww2- most of the people that worked there had been captured and would rather of worked with the nazis than against them.
The angels of death were doctors in the concentration camps that would mutilate people for their own experiments eg tryin to change eye colour or sew twins together.
More info on these people can be found at www.crimelibrary.com- you want to look for a Dr Josef Mengele- he is a truely messed up man.
The Nazis will never defeat anyone coz they are all too sick- especially after you read about the doctors- i appologise i dont know how to make a link!!!!
Originally posted by ello
, and they also had especial interest in supposed magical artifacts like the Longinos spear and the holy grail.
Hitler had the Spear with him the whole time. When the Allies found him in his bunker he had locked it up in a safe in the bunker
its no secret when the war was near an end both the Americans and the Russians were rushing to get to Berlin first for their secrets such as weapons new tanks new jets also nuclear info just like America took all of Japanese secrets after it surrendered.
Yeah, heard about that. The Americans got most of their biological weapons from Japan, with all the crap the Japan had developed and tested on the Chinese.
The Americans promised to to prosecute the Japanese for war crimes as long as they gave them all the research they had done during the course of the war.
Originally posted by misspickle
Technololgy is not everything- knowlage and logic wins wars...
Has anyone heard about the angels of death from the natzi war camps during ww2- most of the people that worked there had been captured and would rather of worked with the nazis than against them.
The angels of death were doctors in the concentration camps that would mutilate people for their own experiments eg tryin to change eye colour or sew twins together.
More info on these people can be found at www.crimelibrary.com- you want to look for a Dr Josef Mengele- he is a truely messed up man.
The Nazis will never defeat anyone coz they are all too sick- especially after you read about the doctors- i appologise i dont know how to make a link!!!!
It wasn't quite that dramatic.
The Angel of Death was a name given to Dr. Josef Mengele PhD. MD who was the chief doctor at Auschwitz.
Mengele was a researcher at the Dahlen Institute of the Max Planck Society in Munich. He served as a field researcher for that Institution.
The Dahlen Institute focused primarily on Genetic Research, Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics.
The horrific procedures inflicted on prisoners and children in the camps seem on the surface to simply be torture, but in the eyes of Mengele, it was research.
It was horrific- how came someone stand there and mutilate a human being whilst they are awake- how can that be justified as research???
Obviously he wasnt the only one- and me personaly couldnt stand killing an animal let alone a human being!! I am not saying that you are lol ( i hope it doesnt sound that way!!)
Obviously he wasnt the only one- and me personaly couldnt stand killing an animal let alone a human being!! I am not saying that you are lol ( i hope it doesnt sound that way!!)
something bothers me tho as to why germany was so advanced in most of the fields?
That is the question. how were they able, for example, to build a MG42 (machine gewehr 42 - machine gun 42) which equipped all the armies of this world until recently ? it was nick named hitler's saw, cos of the sound it made while firing...the rate of fire was incredible.
thats just an example. so my main question is, how were they able to have this huge technological advance over ALL other countries? is it because of their very strict choice they had to select the men that would participate in the domination of the 3rd reich?
That is the question. how were they able, for example, to build a MG42 (machine gewehr 42 - machine gun 42) which equipped all the armies of this world until recently ? it was nick named hitler's saw, cos of the sound it made while firing...the rate of fire was incredible.
thats just an example. so my main question is, how were they able to have this huge technological advance over ALL other countries? is it because of their very strict choice they had to select the men that would participate in the domination of the 3rd reich?
i watched an interesting program the other day about some british guy called charles babbage. He designed a mechanical computer 80 years before ww2.
If he had finished building it. ww2 would have lasted about 2 days. Gunnery tables could have been developed allowing projectiles to be fired
directly onto targets without range finding. One shot one kill....an information age in the 19th century, now thats scary...!
the germans werent that smart people, hitler didnt even have the right kind of trailor carrying his ''big'' weapon he never got to use..
safety first!!!!
safety first!!!!
had hitler tried to use the early icbm's he had he could have easily have taken out most of our major east coast cities
he also had a working jet engine around the last 3 months of the war but we were bombing all of this factories and he never got to install it into any of the planes
also if hitler would have held out for another 2 months he would have had enough u-boats to keep the us from getting anything across the atlantic
[edit on 17-7-2004 by Hitlers Revenge]
he also had a working jet engine around the last 3 months of the war but we were bombing all of this factories and he never got to install it into any of the planes
also if hitler would have held out for another 2 months he would have had enough u-boats to keep the us from getting anything across the atlantic
[edit on 17-7-2004 by Hitlers Revenge]
Originally posted by toolmaker
it is no accident that factories are a primary target during wartime. A countries manufacturing ability is directly tied to their chances of winning a war. Americas entry into WW2 was cause for alarm to Japan and German strategists simply due to Americas manufacturing capacity, and nothing else. Being able to supply thousands of tanks, fighters, Bombers, and millions of bullets and bombs every month tipped the scale to the Allied powers, even if all other things were not equal. The Kaiser shipyards in Oakland California were building a Liberty Ship each day, to move the tanks, fighters, and bullets to Europe and Asia. Amazing what America could manufacture. Today we cannot hope to even come close.
Germany was actually ahead of the US in atomic weapons research, and a brave Dutch underground resistance fighter smuggled himself onto a ship carrying research components for the A-Bomb. He blew himself and the ship up, setting germany back several years in atomic research. Otherwise...it would have been a far more difficult war to win, or settle for peace with Germany keeping Europe.
but america produced low grade tanks and air planes and ships
had hitler taken more precautions and protected his airbases he would have won that war from air superiority alone. hitler though that his planes were better than they actually were.
he thought that he could wait till our bombers were coming at him and then launch his planes and take us out.... he also underestimated his aa gun capabilities
hitlers biggest mistake was not keeping his airforce in the air at all time
during ww2 there was a ship named the bismark that the allied forces were looking for because in 1 battle it sank 50 british vessels and never took a direct hit because of is phenominal speed
so the british navy was using the torpedo planes to look for this ship and about 200 miles off of the shore of england one of the torpedo bombers saw the ship and dropped his torpedo taking out the rudder
he then relayed the location of the ship back to the british navy which then sent every ship it had at the bismark
the bismark was left sailing i circles trying to repair the rudder when the british navy arrived and a battle ensued. the bismark sunk another 33 british ships before it was finally sunk
[edit on 17-7-2004 by Hitlers Revenge]
as for this one
the reason germany was so advanced is because u didn't protest what the military funded.... unlike now adays we spend 10 years arguing wether or not to do something where as if we jsut went ahead and did it would could be 10 years ahead in that certain technology
hitler wasn't just about military power
the reason most of his country supported (aside from fear) was that he improved the quality of life in germany to gain support
which all of these technoligies that u listed the german peopl were rarely underfed/clothed/warm because they had everything in mass quantities
hitler was basically like our country
he couldn't be beat in a head on battle.. i mean in 1 battle 10 panzer tanks took out 71 sherman tanks and didn't lose a single panzar tank
its like us now adays
we got all that technology and didn't take it anyfarther
in iraq we out gun all of those terrorist groups but they are doing hit and runs like we did in ww2 on hitler
the only difference is hitler wanted to rule the world (where as we don't or so our government claims) and he (and we have the means to also) had the means too if he had taken the right precautions
[edit on 23-7-2004 by Hitlers Revenge]
There has to be something said for massive industrial power as well.
In 1944 it was estimated that the US alone was producing three times the number of aircraft that were being lost in combat to the Germans.
The P51-D was arguably the best piston-engine fighter of the war. Not only was it highly manueverable, it could fly all the way to Berlin and back. That was an entirely American effort.
The German Enigma code was broken by Allied computers.
The Germans seemed kind of stupid in applying their great technology. Bombing London with V2s didn't make an ounce of difference, they were just terror weapons and killed a lot of people, but didn't break anyone's resolve to fight. If the effort put into the V1s and V2s had been put into the manufacture of jet fighter interceptors and air-to-air rockets, maybe Germany could have blocked the long-range bombing effort of the Allies.
Hitler himself saw the Me262 and commanded it be developed as a bomber, delaying it's obvious role as an interceptor.
Also, why were German grunts running around with bolt-action Mausers for so long, when US grunts had automatic rifles?
I guess hindsight is 20/20, but it was obvious to a lot of scientists that Hitler's obsession with vengeance weapons was hurting their overall defenses.
In 1944 it was estimated that the US alone was producing three times the number of aircraft that were being lost in combat to the Germans.
The P51-D was arguably the best piston-engine fighter of the war. Not only was it highly manueverable, it could fly all the way to Berlin and back. That was an entirely American effort.
The German Enigma code was broken by Allied computers.
The Germans seemed kind of stupid in applying their great technology. Bombing London with V2s didn't make an ounce of difference, they were just terror weapons and killed a lot of people, but didn't break anyone's resolve to fight. If the effort put into the V1s and V2s had been put into the manufacture of jet fighter interceptors and air-to-air rockets, maybe Germany could have blocked the long-range bombing effort of the Allies.
Hitler himself saw the Me262 and commanded it be developed as a bomber, delaying it's obvious role as an interceptor.
Also, why were German grunts running around with bolt-action Mausers for so long, when US grunts had automatic rifles?
I guess hindsight is 20/20, but it was obvious to a lot of scientists that Hitler's obsession with vengeance weapons was hurting their overall defenses.
Originally posted by taibunsuu
There has to be something said for massive industrial power as well.
In 1944 it was estimated that the US alone was producing three times the number of aircraft that were being lost in combat to the Germans.
The P51-D was arguably the best piston-engine fighter of the war. Not only was it highly manueverable, it could fly all the way to Berlin and back. That was an entirely American effort.
The German Enigma code was broken by Allied computers.
The Germans seemed kind of stupid in applying their great technology. Bombing London with V2s didn't make an ounce of difference, they were just terror weapons and killed a lot of people, but didn't break anyone's resolve to fight. If the effort put into the V1s and V2s had been put into the manufacture of jet fighter interceptors and air-to-air rockets, maybe Germany could have blocked the long-range bombing effort of the Allies.
Hitler himself saw the Me262 and commanded it be developed as a bomber, delaying it's obvious role as an interceptor.
Also, why were German grunts running around with bolt-action Mausers for so long, when US grunts had automatic rifles?
I guess hindsight is 20/20, but it was obvious to a lot of scientists that Hitler's obsession with vengeance weapons was hurting their overall defenses.
the weapons the americans used in ww2 was an M1 ..... but besides thats the german rifles had better range than the weapons the allied forces had which is why they used them
the m1 was not really an automatic weapon either..... wasn't to good now that i think about it, my dad trained with this on pearl island (marines training island the otehr is hollywood) well anyway these guns were a piece of $@!&. the bolt would lock up for no apparent reason, it had a bad rate of fire, until it was modified had crappy range
the united states often deployed machine gunners after the main stem of the infantry had come through and set up a perimeter then the machine guns came out to help defend
the germans had the first saw (we have the same modle today jsut slightly upgraded) it was known as hitlers saw because of the noise it made but besides that they would fire so many rounds so fast that the barrel would become so hot they had to wait for it to cool or pour ice water on it to cool the gun barrle down because it would melt the bullets as it went through the chamber
remember D-day? the german ecampments there were nothing but machine guns and all they did was wait for the U.S. transports to drop the gates to let the marines out and the germans would jsut open fire on the men inside (like shooting fish in a barrel) which is what made D-Day so bad because until their guns overheated wasn't much we could do
once they did overheat you still had to get by the infantry that was there and the beach debris, and artillary fire from our own battle ships pounding our own men...... it was described by my grandfather as a wall of dead in the water that u could literally walk on to get to the beach from as far as 10 feet out into water (alot of soldiers drowned because they didn't have training with wearing 60Lbs of equipment and trying to swim
i'll look up the german bolt action rifle that they used at the current time idk what they used but my grandfather told me it had better range and rate of fire than the weapon he used (the M1)
Originally posted by Hitlers Revenge
but america produced low grade tanks and air planes and ships
It produced good and bad - the P51 was superior to the ME262 - it had far better manevourbility and as for range/duration the P51 could fly for 6 hours the ME 262 was limited to about 45 min flying and had to have new engines every 8 hours. The ME262 was totally vunerable when coming into land as it was effectively coasting/landing so the allied pilot would hang airfield waiting for them to come back and then have a Turkey shoot. You must remember superiority in one ability (i.e. Speed) alone does not make a successful weapon.
The B29 was the best bomber produced by any nation in WWII.
As for ship the Iowa Battleships were probably the finest such ship ever built and of course what about the aircraft carriers it built in such numbers.
As for tanks the US was learning the lesson of the war (especially a certain ex- cavarly general in charge of tanks dispite not believing in them was killed) and the tanks coming on stream at the end of the war (M26 Pershing) were in a whole new league compared to the M4 Sherman. As for the M4 Sherman the 90mm Firefly version was feared and avoided by the Germans
had hitler taken more precautions and protected his airbases he would have won that war from air superiority alone. hitler though that his planes were better than they actually were.
he thought that he could wait till our bombers were coming at him and then launch his planes and take us out.... he also underestimated his aa gun capabilities
hitlers biggest mistake was not keeping his airforce in the air at all time
The Luffewaffe fought valiantly, but with their limited resources and allied quantity and QUALITY there was never any chance for them
during ww2 there was a ship named the bismark that the allied forces were looking for because in 1 battle it sank 50 british vessels and never took a direct hit because of is phenominal speed
The Bismark only ever sunk one ship HMS Hood a WWI battlecruiser (Same guns as a Battlehip, but only thin armour sacrificed for increased speed)Because of the British numerical superiority in battleships, Hitler ordered the Kriegsmarine to target allied merchant shipping. Bismarck set off on this mission on her maiden voyage, leaving port on 18 May 1941. Three days later, she was spotted by Allied reconnaissance while refueling in a Norwegian fjord and was soon acquired by the patroling British cruisers Norfolk and Suffolk.
On 24 May 1941, accompanied by the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, she was engaged in battle by the British battlecruiser HMS Hood and the newly commissioned battleship HMS Prince of Wales, which was still being worked up. It is believed that one of Bismarck's shells penetrated the relatively thin deck armor of Hood and struck a powder magazine.
The result of the battle with Hood showed, most seriously, the effect of deploying a battlecruiser against a battleship, a role for which it was never designed.
so the british navy was using the torpedo planes to look for this ship and about 200 miles off of the shore of england one of the torpedo bombers saw the ship and dropped his torpedo taking out the rudder
he then relayed the location of the ship back to the british navy which then sent every ship it had at the bismark
the bismark was left sailing i circles trying to repair the rudder when the british navy arrived and a battle ensued. the bismark sunk another 33 british ships before it was finally sunk
Prince of Wales, half its guns out of action, escaped under a smokescreen, but not before striking the Bismarck three times, one hit causing water to be introduced into fuel storage. Bismarck headed for France and repairs, but continued to be shadowed by Norfolk and Suffolk and Prince of Wales, but eventually broke away and Prinz Eugen detached.
The British continued to shadow with an increasing number of ships, maintaining contact with radar. An attack was made by swordfish biplane torpedo planes from aircraft carrier HMS Victorious during the early evening of 24 May. The Bismarck sustained one hit. In subsequent maneuvering, it was able to break contact, though its crew was not aware of this, as they could detect British radar but did not know that the return signals were too weak. Bismarck was relocated, owing partially to her commander, Ernst Lindemann, foolishly transmitting a half-hour radio message. On 26 May, at dusk, she was attacked by British Swordfish torpedo planes from the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal. One torpedo hit jammed her rudder and steering gear, and she was rendered unmanoeuvrable. Throughout the following night she was the target of incessant attacks by the destroyers Cossack, Maori, Piorun (Polish), Sikh, Zulu led by captain Vian. On the early morning of 27 May 1941 she was engaged in an eighty-eight minute battle with HMS King George V, HMS Rodney, HMS Norfolk, and HMS Dorsetshire. After being struck by in excess of 300 shells and five or six torpedo hits she finally sank at 10:40 AM. Only 115 of 2,206 sailors survived.
As this site's motto is Deny Ignorance I suggest you check you claimed fact but doing a google search first.
Originally posted by Conan The Usurper
something bothers me tho as to why germany was so advanced in most of the fields?
That is the question. how were they able, for example, to build a MG42 (machine gewehr 42 - machine gun 42) which equipped all the armies of this world until recently ? it was nick named hitler's saw, cos of the sound it made while firing...the rate of fire was incredible.
thats just an example. so my main question is, how were they able to have this huge technological advance over ALL other countries? is it because of their very strict choice they had to select the men that would participate in the domination of the 3rd reich?
What about the world's premier 20th Heavy Machine Gun Ma Deuce .50cal, which was developed before WWII (and MG42) and is still used by most of the world's armies.
Originally posted by Hitlers Revenge
had hitler tried to use the early icbm's he had he could have easily have taken out most of our major east coast cities
The guidance technolgy was too primative at the time to make it an effective weapon - V2 aimed at London fell in a 40 mile radius extrapolate to over the atlantic and are talking of 400 mile radius target zone -, yes it would have cause population terror and panic, but there would have been litllre physical damage
he also had a working jet engine around the last 3 months of the war but we were bombing all of this factories and he never got to install it into any of the planes
World's first Jet powered aircraft was the Heinkel He 176 which flew for the first time on 20 June 1939 over 1,400 ME 262 alone were produced before the end of the war
also if hitler would have held out for another 2 months he would have had enough u-boats to keep the us from getting anything across the atlantic
Only a few new experiemental long range U-boat remain at the end of the war. the success of the U-Boats had been terminate mid-1943 beacuse of the developement of successful ASW tactics and weapons, development of ascidic active sonar and of course the breaking of the German Enigma code via which the German Naval high command transmitted order and the U-boat used to transmitt theie position back in. So no successful U-boat blockade would have occured should the war have lasted longer (even 1 year longer).
Where did you learn your history!
[edit on 17-7-2004 by Hitlers Revenge]
Originally posted by topsecretombomb
the germans werent that smart people, hitler didnt even have the right kind of trailor carrying his ''big'' weapon he never got to use..
safety first!!!!
Erg...yeah they were. If they had won the war, the world would be far more technologically advanced today albeit the population would be a lot lower due to mindless killings. Simply put, the Allies stole Germany scientists/technology. The scientists were spread to different countries (mostly America and Russia). If the scientists had been united and continued their work, what you see today would be labelled outdated material. What they were doing then was only a slight step behind what we are doing today (they even attempted experiments we haven't even tried yet).
Somebody asked why Germany was so advanced. Europe has and still does beat America in education. Their education course is more rigorous and if you decide to slack off as much as you do in America, your grade will pummel. Germany is no exception. However, it may have just been pure luck that German scientists were topping all of Europe's at the time. While the machine gun may not be state-of-the-art, there were several other experiments Germany was working on that was. The best explanation as to why they were so advanced (WW2 era) was probably because all other nations were rebuilding after WW1 but Hitler chose to ignore the reparations of the Versailles Treaty and just build up the military instead.
Anyway, once again, Nazi technology was far ahead of what they had displayed on the battlefield. Some interesting tidbits you may or may not know are listed below:
* Jetpacks
* Natter Rocket Bomber/Interceptor - Copied to an extent by USAF X-15
* Atomic Weaponry - mentioned in Nuremburg Trials. Germany was to have this technology before the US (Nazi nuclear weapons slated for 1941) but Hitler cancelled it because he thought his race was invincible and saw no use for this weapon.
* UFO's - yes these were used in battle albeit rarely and they were self-destructed to prevent the Allies from obtaining such technology. Unlike today's nations which can barely operate a UFO, Germany had many different models that were flown. There are several "disc" photographs circling the net with the German cross imprinted on it.
* Anti-gravity - Well if they had UFO's they obviously had anti-gravity propulsion systems
* Laser - Germany tried to mount a machine gun onto their UFO's many times. After many failures they mounted a laser gun.
* King Tiger -commonly known as the Tiger II, this tank wasn't any great secret but heck it could've conquered an entire country if paired with a Flakpanzer. The reason why these weren't sent to conquer entire nations was because the war was drawing to an end and because this tank moves too slow to conquer nations
* Flakpanzer - This wasn't a huge secret either. As its name implies, this tank was designed to take out planes. The 20mm gun also made it a capable and rapid-fire tank destroyer. This thing was devastating to the Allies.
* Rocketry - Obviously stolen by America, this is the technology that powered the Wasserfall, V1, and V2. The Nazis were also able to launch missiles to the east coast of US but concentrated on Britain instead because they didn't think the US was strong (and it really wasn't).
* V2 - While it is no longer any novelty, this was believed to be a nuke at the times. The Allies were prepared to surrender until they realized what it was.
* Piloted Missiles
* Sound cannons
* Wind cannon - Could knock down brick walls from several miles away
* Horton Ho VIII "Flying Wing" - Another technology copied by US :\. This was the basis for American Stealth Bombers. The materials the Nazis planned to use nearly rendered it invisible to radar. That would've helped in the Blitz.
* Messerschnitt Me 262 Schwalbe - Most advanced fighter/interceptor of WW2.
* Stuka Dive Bomber - First dive bomber.
* Fast Remote-controlled "Fireballs"
* Plasma/Ion Systems
* Cloning - Wasn't completed but the Nazis needed a way to clone their "super race."
* EMP-like Weapons - Planned weapon for Kugelblitz UFO except it was not an area-of-effect weapon (as is EMP) but rather a projectile weapon.
* Genetic Engineering
I have only begun to scratch the service. Obviously they were advancing far faster than we are and some of their weapons back then (for instance, a UFO that had been reported to have slain all Allied aircraft within its vincinity without even firing) would still be able to surpass today's weaponry.
Here's a list of medical experiments as well (source: www.law.umkc.edu...):
A) High-Altitude Experiments
B) Freezing Experiments
C) Malaria Experiments
D) Lost (Mustard) Gas Experiments
E) Sulfanilamide Experiments
F) Bone, Muscle, and Nerve Regeneration and Bone Transplantation Experiments
G) Sea-Water Experiments
H) Epidemic Jaundice Experiments
I) Sterilization Experiments
J) Spotted Fever (Fleckfieber) Experiments
K) Experiments with Poison
L) Incendiary Bomb Experiments
Originally posted by Blackout
Somebody asked why Germany was so advanced. Europe has and still does beat America in education. Their education course is more rigorous and if you decide to slack off as much as you do in America, your grade will pummel. Germany is no exception. However, it may have just been pure luck that German scientists were topping all of Europe's at the time. While the machine gun may not be state-of-the-art, there were several other experiments Germany was working on that was. The best explanation as to why they were so advanced (WW2 era) was probably because all other nations were rebuilding after WW1 but Hitler chose to ignore the reparations of the Versailles Treaty and just build up the military instead.
You forgot the most fundemental reason why they were more advanced was funding - pure and simple - money (this is why US so generally at the forefront today) - if any area of research could be shown to have a potential military application then the Nazis would fund it. The rest of the world just did not invest in R&D - a prime example of which is the jet engine which was patented by Frank Whittle and RAF pilot/engineer in 1929, but RAF and British government shlved the developement of it until the Germans copied it in 1939. Also the in the US there was little or no R&D because of the aftermath of the depression - you shoould look at the amount of money going into science and it current state and numers of people involved in the US in 1939 and then again in 1949 - the advances made are staggering.
Also traditionally from the late 19th C to early 20th C German was the inte3rnationally recognised laguage of Science (English being the recognised language of commerce and French of diplomacy) thus a strong emphasis on Science existed in the national culture - still today engineers and scientist have much higher status in german cultural society than in most other advanced nations
Anyway, once again, Nazi technology was far ahead of what they had displayed on the battlefield. Some interesting tidbits you may or may not know are listed below:
* Jetpacks
Someone has been watching the Rocketeer
* Natter Rocket Bomber/Interceptor - Copied to an extent by USAF X-15
In that it was a rocket powered aircraft - by the same reasoning the Model T has been copied by most modern cars to an extent (they all use petrol engines to power themselves)
* Atomic Weaponry - mentioned in Nuremburg Trials. Germany was to have this technology before the US (Nazi nuclear weapons slated for 1941) but Hitler cancelled it because he thought his race was invincible and saw no use for this weapon.
The German were far behind the allies in nuclear weapon research it is though by some that they did produce a small primitive nuclear pile in 1944 - the allies first pile was a larger affair in a University of Chicago squash court in 1942. I am unsure about Heisenberg's claims that he deliberately went slow on the project. Captured drawing of a proposed bomb design showed fundemental flaws and would not have worked - whether this was intentional or not is debatable.
* UFO's - yes these were used in battle albeit rarely and they were self-destructed to prevent the Allies from obtaining such technology. Unlike today's nations which can barely operate a UFO, Germany had many different models that were flown. There are several "disc" photographs circling the net with the German cross imprinted on it.
* Anti-gravity - Well if they had UFO's they obviously had anti-gravity propulsion systems
On such contriversial areas it is impossible to state any fact, but have read Nick Cook's excellent book Hunt for Zero Point it is clear that they were carrying some very intersting research and this was taken up by the US and to some extent by the USSR after the war - whether this amounted to much is of course unknown.
* Laser - Germany tried to mount a machine gun onto their UFO's many times. After many failures they mounted a laser gun.
* King Tiger -commonly known as the Tiger II, this tank wasn't any great secret but heck it could've conquered an entire country if paired with a Flakpanzer. The reason why these weren't sent to conquer entire nations was because the war was drawing to an end and because this tank moves too slow to conquer nations
The King Tiger was a flawed tank for the situation the Germans were facing. It was even more technologicallycomplicated than the Tiger thus could only be built in insignificant number and was prone to breaking down, and was incredibly difficult to repair almost impossibly so in the field. Also because of its size an weight it was hamstung by it environment as there are many little river in the parts of Europe it was fighting and most could not take its weight also many street were too narrow for it to be used effectively. Also it was massively fuel hungry at a time when fuel was becoming increasingly scarce.
* Flakpanzer - This wasn't a huge secret either. As its name implies, this tank was designed to take out planes. The 20mm gun also made it a capable and rapid-fire tank destroyer. This thing was devastating to the Allies.
Just a standard mobile low-level anti-air gun not a war-winning wonder weapon and only as good as the guys who operated it (v. old men and young boys under 16 as the war reached its climax)
* Rocketry - Obviously stolen by America, this is the technology that powered the Wasserfall, V1, and V2. The Nazis were also able to launch missiles to the east coast of US but concentrated on Britain instead because they didn't think the US was strong (and it really wasn't).
The V2/A4 rose to an altitude of 52 to 60 miles (83 to 93 km) and had a range of 200 to 225 miles (321 to 362 km). There were plans for a version that could cross the atlantic - the A9 - but it was never even tested.
* V2 - While it is no longer any novelty, this was believed to be a nuke at the times. The Allies were prepared to surrender until they realized what it was.
When they first start to land the V2 were thoug to be gas explosions - it was only later that they realised it was a weapon contain about 1 ton of expolosives
* Piloted Missiles
A piloted suicide version of the V1 was planned but never acted on - the Japanese however did use such unit the Kaiten
* Sound cannons
* Wind cannon - Could knock down brick walls from several miles away
* Horton Ho VIII "Flying Wing" - Another technology copied by US :\. This was the basis for American Stealth Bombers. The materials the Nazis planned to use nearly rendered it invisible to radar. That would've helped in the Blitz.
Never heard of the sound or wind cannon - so can't comment
The Horton flying prototype that was built was a fighter sized aircraft - the planned bomber was to be used to bomb US - yes it would have had a low radar signature due to the construction material for the same reason as the RAF's Mosquito has a low signature - it was built of wood not metal. As for helping in the Blitz the Blitz was effectively over by the end of 1942.
* Messerschnitt Me 262 Schwalbe - Most advanced fighter/interceptor of WW2.
In terms of speed but not all round ability which is why so many were shot down
* Stuka Dive Bomber - First dive bomber.
Brillant in the close ground support and anti-tank roles, but was ravaged in the Battle of Britain when it had to confront fighters - so much so it was withdrawn from combat against the British
* Fast Remote-controlled "Fireballs"
* Plasma/Ion Systems
* Cloning - Wasn't completed but the Nazis needed a way to clone their "super race."
* EMP-like Weapons - Planned weapon for Kugelblitz UFO except it was not an area-of-effect weapon (as is EMP) but rather a projectile weapon.
* Genetic Engineering
I have only begun to scratch the service. Obviously they were advancing far faster than we are and some of their weapons back then (for instance, a UFO that had been reported to have slain all Allied aircraft within its vincinity without even firing) would still be able to surpass today's weaponry.
Here's a list of medical experiments as well (source: www.law.umkc.edu...):
A) High-Altitude Experiments
B) Freezing Experiments
C) Malaria Experiments
D) Lost (Mustard) Gas Experiments
E) Sulfanilamide Experiments
F) Bone, Muscle, and Nerve Regeneration and Bone Transplantation Experiments
G) Sea-Water Experiments
H) Epidemic Jaundice Experiments
I) Sterilization Experiments
J) Spotted Fever (Fleckfieber) Experiments
K) Experiments with Poison
L) Incendiary Bomb Experiments
On such contriversial areas it is impossible to state any fact, though would state on incidenary bombs the allies were one to uses these terrible weapons most devastingly in Dresden and Tokyo with the resulting firestorms untold 10's of 1000's. The Tokyo raid (remember most houses were built of would) killed between 100,000 - 120,000 people more than the atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima which killed about 60,000 in each city.
DENY IGNORANCE
[edit on 29-7-2004 by Popeye]
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