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Contrails form high in the atmosphere when the mixture of water vapor in the aircraft exhaust and the air condenses and freezes.
Research into cloud seeding began in 1946, when Vincent Schaefer of General Electric noticed that a small piece of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) can generate a large number of ice crystals in a laboratory-generated supercooled fog. He then went up in a small aircraft and dropped about 1.5 kg of crushed dry ice into supercooled stratocumulus clouds over western Massachusetts, and found that snow crystals did indeed fall out from the cloud. In the following year Bernard Vonnegut of General Electric found that particles of silver iodide can also generate large numbers of ice crystals if the cloud is cold enough.
This invention relates to the modification of supercooled clouds. The principle of the current large-scale weather modification method, including the technique of rain augmentation seeding, involves artificial generation of ice crystals in supercooled clouds and fogs with a resultant spontaneous phase change
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There exist two methods of artificially generating the ice crystals, i.e., by homogeneous and heterogeneous ice nucleations. The former works when a portion of the cloud is chilled below -40° C. by a strong coolant.
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Silver iodide (AgI) and metaldehyde are examples of artificial ice nucleus substances. AgI, the most widely used nucleus substance for weather modification, is expensive and toxic to small or baby fish, algae and bacteria.
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FIG. 2 shows a design for the LC rack in aircraft use. It satisfies the requirement of being housed in a seeding aircraft and has been approved by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration).
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To operate the seeding system, after confirming the existence of a seedable condition in the cloud, all the manual valves of the LC cylinders are kept open from the beginning, and a cylinder solenoid valve will be opened and kept open until the cylinder is empty. The empty condition may be determined by the warming of the seeding nozzle detected by the attached temperature sensor. When the first cylinder has been emptied, the cylinder solenoid valve will be closed and the second cylinder solenoid valve opened for continuing operation. This method will be applied until all the cylinders will have been emptied. In this manner, partially emptying the cylinders can be avoided, making their replacement more efficient.
A Stanford scientist has spelled out for the first time the direct links between increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and increases in human mortality, using a state-of-the-art computer model of the atmosphere that incorporates scores of physical and chemical environmental processes. The new findings, to be published in Geophysical Research Letters, come to light just after the Environmental Protection Agency's recent ruling against states setting specific emission standards for this greenhouse gas based in part on the lack of data showing the link between carbon dioxide emissions and their health effects.
contrails form through the injection of water vapor into the atmosphere by exhaust fumes from a jet engine. If there is sufficient mixing between the cold upper tropospheric air and the hot exhaust gases to produce a state of saturation, ice crystals will develop.
These images from the NOAA-17 satellite taken during the morning of March 20, 2004, show how a contrail outbreak can appear to be regular cloud cover. The image on the left is a standard infrared satellite image, while that on the right uses two infrared wavelengths to reveal contrails. Many of the contrails appear to be from planes either coming from or going to central and southern California. Other contrails are due to aircraft on southeast-northwest tracks into Seattle and Portland. The contrails and resulting cirrus clouds are blown eastward by winds during the day.
Contrails are often more difficult for satellites to detect than clouds, especially when they remain narrow and do not spread outward.
show how a contrail outbreak can appear to be regular cloud cover.
Not that i want them to be, but because it shows that conspiracy theorists are right for once
The satellite images you are showing us don't pick up on thin, spread out water vapor. The massive huge clouds is what it picks up on.
Originally posted by Manasseh
reply to post by semperfortis
Umm, those are INFRARED imaged, not standard water vapor images.
Here is the most current WATER VAPOR satellite image. Not a contrail in sight.
weather.unisys.com...
Why do they have to show enhanced infrared satellite images to get contrails to show up if they are water vapor. They SHOULD be showing up in the water vapor images, but they don't.
[edit on 6-9-2008 by Manasseh]
Originally posted by Manasseh
reply to post by MatrixBaller04
Now who is the idiot?
Not that i want them to be, but because it shows that conspiracy theorists are right for once
You don't believe there are ANY conspiracies, but here you are, on a conspiracy forum.
If the satellite can't pick them up, why are they showing up in the infrared images, superstar?
The satellite images you are showing us don't pick up on thin, spread out water vapor. The massive huge clouds is what it picks up on.
BS. There is at least 30 sitting in the sky right now. But you government funded spooks (psyops) will let millions die because you believe you are worthy, and they aren't...
Revenge will be sweet.
At high altitudes, the temperature is less and hence the contrails arent able to absorb much heat and so they are spotted only in near infrared region and that is why the images need modification to show them
Aircraft are believed to be responsible for 2 to 3 percent of human CO2 emissions. Like other high, thin clouds, contrails reflect sunlight back into space and cool the planet.
And infrared only picks it up why? Because it's infrared for gods sake. Think about it. If a satellite tried to pick up ALL water vapor, you would see nothing but a white sheet with a few gray spots here and there.
They are reflecting enough sunlight back into space to contribute to global warming, yet satellite images need to be enhanced to see them..
I've got news for you. Chemtrails (you call em contrails) ARE the cause of global warming.
Yes, thanks for the news, but I want to clarify one thing, how doe the contrails which are reflecting enough sunlight into space contribute to global warming it be global cooling, please clarify.
Feedback effects due to clouds are an area of ongoing research. Seen from below, clouds emit infrared radiation back to the surface, and so exert a warming effect; seen from above, clouds reflect sunlight and emit infrared radiation to space, and so exert a cooling effect. Whether the net effect is warming or cooling depends on details such as the type and altitude of the cloud.