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A new, highly efficient material that converts heat into electricity may one day help cars get the most out of a gallon of gas...Only about 25 percent of the energy produced by a typical gasoline engine is used to move the vehicle or run accessories like the radio or windshield wipers, they said. Much of the rest escapes through the exhaust pipe...Researchers think they can recycle some of that lost energy with a new thermoelectric material that is twice as effective as current materials.
Originally posted by TheRedneck
I am still waiting on an answer as to what exactly we are supposed to be switching to. Every single energy source (including oil) has inherent drawbacks. Thus far, no sound alternative energy source for transportation has been found.
Ethanol has been tried, but was tried based on corn ethanol, and that has effectively driven food prices higher while giving us no benefit in oil usage. Sure, sugar cane or sawgrass may be an option, but so far I haven't seen any such production in the USA.
Biodiesel as well has been touted, but it is slowly becoming obsolete as a major fuel alternative and more a fuel additive. There are costs involved with large-scale production/use of high-blend biodiesel that apparently weren't considered when it was introduced. It may still turn out to be a help, but even this does not stop use of oil, it only stretches it.
Electric and hybrid cars are just now coming into production, and they have their own problems. The biggest ones are cost and battery life. Electric only are also plagued by the fact that there is no infrastructure set up to recharge them in comparison with a gas station on every corner of the USA. Who will be the first to try and navigate NY to LA with a slight chance of finding somewhere to plug in your electric car? It won't be me; if you're smart, it won't be you.
Hydrogen sounds like a great idea, but where is it? Where can I buy a hydrogen car? And where can I fill it up with more hydrogen when the tank is empty?
It can take years for a new invention to make it to market, and even then it can be more years before it is widely used by the population. Add the infrastructure realities into the equation and we're looking at a very long time before we can hope to have nice hydrogen or electric vehicles ruling the highways.
This is a false assumption. There will be no one alternative to replace Oil.
We're burning up buried sunshine that can never be replaced.
We are gonna have to tighten our belts, change our lifestyles, completely rethink how we build cities and where we get our food from.
We are going to reach a point where we are going to have to make do with less then we had before until we figure out fusion but that is like 50 years away and for some reason I don't think we have that kind of time...
Ethanol is a bad idea unless it's from agricultural waste and only then as a method to make a gallon of diesel go farther. Not a replacement, just a band aid but an important one if we ever make cellulose to fuel work efficiently. Algae is another candidate and has the added advantage of being an efficient pollution scrubber as well.
Biodiesel and Ethanol are in the same category IMO. It'll only be used in blends and will only make what we have now last a bit longer.
Cost will be brought down with mass production.
By 2020 you won't be able to buy a non-hybrid, it's just where the technology is going. By 2015 BMW will not sell Gasoline/Diesel only cars AT ALL.
Battery life is not an issue with Hybrids, Lead Acid batteries last as long as the car does.
Li-Ion are the challenge and they are the only batteries available that make pure EV's practical. The problem with this is longevity and it degrades regardless of use(they only last 3 years and by then you only get 1/3 total capacity or something like that). We gotta find an alternative to Lithium. Silver-Zinc batteries look very promising.
EV's are the future though it won't happen at once. Switching over to an EV drive economy will be cheaper than switching over to a H2 economy by a hundred billion dollars. You don't have to store electricity in pressurized tanks for one and setting up additional outlets on the street that are metered is trivially easy if tediously expensive due to the numbers you would need, it's still cheaper then Hydrogen...
I can definitely see these being added to parking meters and it wouldn't cost nearly as much as a hydrogen economy and would be inherently more efficient especially if we start to get serious about upgrading the grid to superconducting wires(yes expensive but we'll be leapfrogging the world if we start now, wouldn't that be nice for a change, instead of having China leapfrog us we'll be leapfrogging them ).
Hydrogen is a horrible idea. EV's are more efficient by a factor of 3 when you take into consideration the life cycle of the energy that powers each vehicle.
We can retool in 5 years if we have to. We've done it before during war time when our very way of life was at stake, just like it is now.
Originally posted by TheRedneck
If that is true, then we're going to have a little problem with mass production. Just like gasoline and diesel replaced steam, whichever energy solution is more profitable and convenient for the masses will be the one we go to.
What, we're going to have to move cities? And exactly where except from agriculture do you think we can get our food from?
Sorry, this part sounds sorta like propaganda to me.
Fusion cannot even take a 50-year timetable at this point. It would be wonderful if it could, as it would supply plenty of electricity with no pollution or oil. It may work tomorrow, or never, probably somewhere in between.
In the meantime, there is no shortage of oil. None. Nada. Zip. No gas rationing, no long lines at the pumps. The only foreseeable problem with hydrocarbons is that we do not have enough refineries (which can be built) and we have a very poor, unregulated distribution system (which can be fixed). While I am definitely in favor of more research and testing on alternate energy sources, it has nothing to do with an illusionary oil shortage. I simply think we can do better.
I agree with you on the biodiesel/ethanol situation, except for one thing: exactly what is 'agricultural waste'? The last time I looked around, nature wasted nothing; what wasn't used otherwise became fertilizer for the next crop.
Then we have to forget about competing technologies getting their slice of the pie. Mass production will only work if there is a steady demand, and the higher that demand, the more efficiently the cars can be built.
So far, that is an assumption and a corporate goal. While it may occur, it is not set in stone. The technological advancements and the public demand will determine the final outcome there.
Eu contraire! Since when do lead-acid batteries last as long as a car? The maximum lifetime of the average car battery is about 5 years. Now if the average hybrid is only going to last 5 years, as opposed to 21 and counting like my old gasoline-powered pickup, that is going to make selling these things to the general public a hard thing to accomplish.
Actually, according to present reports, expect to replace your battery pack every 4-5 years at a cost of a couple thousand dollars. That makes the operating cost for the average person more than that of a small gasoline-powered economy car.
Really not familiar with silver-zinc, but I will look into it. Battery life and capacity is the single biggest problem with EVs right now, and I really do hope we can overcome it.
Absolutely the infrastructure change will be easier for EVs. However, you will have competing companies vying for different positions for their outlets. I am assuming you'd have to pay by debit/credit card as well, no cash. Or perhaps there would be a scheme where you could get billed monthly from the company you chose to be your provider. Now what happens if that company doesn't have any outlets where you need to park?
What about leaving your car sitting at work all day? Perhaps businesses could offer free hookups to employees as a bonus. There are an infinite number of ways this could be achieved, but the end result will depend on business investment and consumer demand. this system does not always provide what we think is the best solution, but it provides the solutions that are practical for everyone involved.
You got a link to these new superconducting wires? I'd like to read more about them; I thought all the known superconducting materials had a fairly low critical temperature.
So it costs some significant amount of power to cool them down to their working temperature, but once there, the super conductors keep their temperature almost for free, you only have to make up for what is lost because of the insulation.
EVs have a limited range, and take time to recharge after that range. I think some sort of chemical fuel would be inherently more practical if you were driving around on vacation, for instance.
Cookie cutter economies are a thing of the past. Local municipalities and provinces/states will have to adapt to local realities. Brazil for instance is one of the few countries that can use Bio-fuels to make it completely independent from oil(yes yes I know Rainforrest destruction is bad but this is just an example) so they are adapting by making that fuel source mainstream locally. Britian will most likely rely on Nuclear/Wave/Wind mix. Some parts of the world will be completely reliant on Ethanol others will be reliant on Electricity and others still will be reliant on H2.
Where did I say we have to move cities?
We just need to rethink development to reduce the need for cars. Redevelopment happens on timescales of decades so we have enough time to adapt.
Really? So you disagree that we've hit Worldwide Peak oil in 2006? It was confirmed by 2007 refining capacity numbers and the decline should be even steeper this year.
Peak oil has already hit and it's going to get progressively worse. Not doomsaying here just saying we're gonna have to make adjustments. And no the speculators are not driving up the price of oil, they are just scapegoats and any regulation of the Oil Speculation market will just drive prices up as all regulation does.
Regulating C02 emissions would do the same thing btw. Just drive up the price of being green. God damn I hate red tape....
Not all agricultural "waste" is used. A lot of it is just dumped because they generate way too much of the stuff. Cellulose is one such waste product that we generate in huge quantities and can be used for things from Plastic to Fuel though not very efficiently right now.
The demand is there but the price hasn't reached a point where people are willing to go to them. The argument goes like this. I won't build it because there is no market, but there won't be a market unless I start building and selling it.
It won't change, They are seeing just how baddly the American companies are being beat by Asian imports and they see the winds changing direction.
Eu contraire ineed Average life expectancy of cars on the road are around 5 years. The batteries in lead acids last 10 years(got a Grid Tied PV system with Gel Lead Acids and they are guaranteed for 80% capacity for 10 years)
I've read the exact opposite from New York Taxi cab drivers(i'll look for the link). They've had 5 years experience with them.
RFID is the answer(never thought I'd ever say that LOL!)
Read that whole thread, it's very intriguing.
The Tesla EV has a range of around 220 miles on a single charge. Unfortunately they use Li-Ion. One way we can get around the cost of the batteries is to not sell them to the owners but lease them along with the car.
As for Gasoline stations, I forsee that they will turn into cyrogenically cooled quick charge stations. Ok maybe not, but I do see a future for those stations. Make EV's modular so you can slide the battery packs and on the fly and change them at a service station. Yeah they are heavy so you could adapt some robotics to help you. Just swap out the dead batteries and put fresh ones in. It would be faster than filling up your car with gas.
Originally posted by TheRedneck
The mass production you propose in an earlier post simply cannot happen unless 'cookie-cutter' economies exist. The cost to build a highly efficient facility is only practical if it spread out over millions of like models.
Yes, I disagree. Our only restriction to oil production right now is the number of places being drilled in, and the number of operational refineries. These are not indicative of an oil shortage, but of a processing shortage.
...
Please refer to my previous statements on this. We are not at peak oil, and no one is seriously expecting to be at peak oil any time soon in the energy industry. You are regurgitating propaganda.
Now here is where I have a problem. Apparently we are both excited about the newer technologies, but I am looking for results before I hinge my hopes on them, and you are stating they are inevitable and including that word 'we'.
'We' can lease the battery packs? Are you on the Board of Directors of the company that makes the Tesla? I certainly am not, and unless you are, neither of us have any say-so about what 'they' get to do. It's not a socialized world (yet), and these new and exciting ideas are being researched by individuals and individual companies. They do this for profit, not to be nice and green. As long as this fact is not accepted, the only new technologies we get will be inadequate for our needs, because 'we' cannot understand 'my' needs.
Capitalism is a fact, and a system that has served the world well for the last 200+ years. It will not go away overnight, and unless 'we' are involved directly with the companies on the cutting edge of this technology, 'we' have nothing to say about how or if it is implemented.
Don't get me started on the personal fabrication revolution. That is a subject for another thread(perhaps you would like to start it?)
Really, so Bloomberg, Forbes, et cetera are propagandizing the issue? I still have the news paper around somewhere(financial post) so i'll try to scan it in. The numbers for 2008 will confirm the peak.
Why play around with wording? I'm sure you know what I meant.
Never once did I suggest I am on the board of directors or anything. I was a Nanoengineering student for a time before my health forced me to withdraw but that is my only claim to fame. I have faith in market forces just as I have faith that the price of oil will drive innovation(which it is, if you only knew half the stuff I know about but can't discuss due to NDA's.....).
BTW, Peak Oil was treated as a proven fact by the majority of my professors for whatever that is worth. I did ask back when I was in school earlier this year if the numbers were accurate... never got an answer back gotta email him to see if he crunched the numbers.
I wouldn't hurt from some government help though. Not regulation except maybe changing building codes to make PV standard once thin films become ubiquitous.
I'm making all my predictions based on market forces not regulatory forces. They don't work period.
As for the speculator comment, I meant to say that they do not have as much as an effect as people think. 5 to 10 % is what most of my friends who are still in University seem to think(i got a few economist friends, always good to have them around eh?)
Yeah I am excited but most of my excitement comes from seeing a lot of these new technologies work in laboratory settings and simulated real world settings and not press releases as you probably assume .
There is nothing to worry about people, we got this problem under control. It will still require some painful adjustments however. Change is always painful. I just hope we haven't backed ourselves into a corner over this Iran issue. An attack now would force us all to adapt much faster then normal.(How hard would it be for them to block the Straight of Hamuz again? What about Al Q. blocking off the Straight of Malacca (sp?) ) That is what keeps me up at night not Peak Oil.