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Originally posted by IvanZana
Obvious Controlled Demoltions and a professional one at that.
Do those massive core beams look explosively severed?
...and there were no sounds of CD happening as WTC7 fell
That is how a building looks when it burns all day, and has a unique foundation.
Originally posted by toasted
Ok, so what do we have here?
We have believers, that it was a demolition, and unbelievers.
There are plenty of facts to support a demolition.
Originally posted by Markshark4
And most importantly - Here's something no debunker can answer - Why the hell weren't the 47 massive steel core columns sticking 1000 feet up into the air after the floors pancaked all the way down?
Originally posted by PplVSNWO
reply to post by Seymour Butz
Do you have any pictures of WTC columns broken at the welds? I haven't seen one yet, only ones cut in the middle.
Originally posted by Griff
reply to post by Pilgrum
One point about welds. Welds are suppossed to be stronger than the materials they connect.
Originally posted by Seymour Butz
The strength of the "weld" depends on the specifications on how the material is to be welded. Clearly, in this case the "welds" aren't stronger than the columns, but were spec'ed out to meet the anticpated needs.
BUTT JOINTS
The double-V butt joint (fig. 3-23, view C) is an excellent joint for all load conditions. Its primary use is on metals thicker than 3/4 inch but can be used on thinner plate where strength is critical. Compared to the single-V joint, preparation time is greater, but you use less filler metal because of the narrower included angle. Because of the heat produced by welding, you should alternate weld deposits, welding first on one side and then on the other side. This practice produces a more symmetrical weld and minimizes warpage.
Butt welds
The design strength of a full penetration butt weld may be taken as equal to the design strength of the weaker of the parts joined, provided that the weld satisfies the recommendations outlined in the introduction to this article, and that an electrode of minimum specified tensile strength at least equal to that of the parent metal is used. The throat size of a single sided, or of each side of a doubled sided partial penetration butt weld, should be taken as the minimum depth of penetration of that side of the weld, and not less than √ 2 t of the thinner part joined. For further guidance, refer to BS5950:1 cl. 6.9.
Originally posted by Griff
While true, I need to point out a few things.
When designing, the strength of the steel is used as the design parameter. If the weld is spec'd to be less strength than the steel, wouldn't that throw off the anticipated and designed for strength of the column?
Going by this, one can assume that a weld would be spec'd to meet or exceed the strength of the steel. Or else they would have designed the structure using the lesser strength of the weld instead of the strength of the columns.
Originally posted by Seymour Butz
The way I understand it, the ability of the core columns to withstand lateral loads would indeed be affected by the welds. But the core columns weren't designed to resist any lateral loads at all, only compression loads.
Conversely, a billboard that had the posts to handle the compression loads ONLY, but relied on guy wires to handle ALL the wind/lateral loads, The posts would never be expected to handle the sort of bending loads that would test the weld strength. I believe the towers were designed like this scenario.
Hopefully a structural engineer could clarify things better.
A simple procedure is developed for the selection of pultruded structural shapes to be used as beam-columns in structural design. The design equations are then validated by comparison with experimental data gathered during beam-column testing of wide-flange and I-beam pultruded structural shapes. The design procedure accounts for axial load eccentricity and bending action induced by lateral loads and end-moments. The design equations are set in the context of load and resistance factor design, considering both strength and serviceability. This paper addresses the methodology to determine the resistance factors, which should be used with properly selected load-factors accounting for the variability and uncertainty of the loads. The design equations use section-properties, such as the bending stiffness (EI), which must be measured and supplied by industry. It is found that the section-properties used in the design of beams and columns are sufficient for the design of beam-columns. Therefore, the cost and time involved in testing structural shapes are minimized. This paper also addresses the means by which section-properties can be generated effectively and inexpensively.
Originally posted by Griff
This is where your understanding fails. Beam-columns are designed for bending moment. Bending moment is equivalent to lateral loads.
Well, I have tried. Maybe you'll take my word for it, maybe not. I'd advise learning it for yourself.
Since most beam-columns do not exist as isolated members but as an integral part of a frame, the design of beam-columns in frames must take into consideration the effect of the interaction among adjacent framing members.
Originally posted by Seymour Butz
a- yes, but the bending moment was also resisted by the horizontal flooring present in the cores. Wouldn't this decrease the bending moment, and thereby make the specs for the welds to be "less"? Now think about what happened when all that steel fell - it would tear away those horizontal braces, and then leave the columns unsupported. Then as more steel impacted the unsupported columns, and one would assume chaotically when you look at the videos, the weld's weakness is exposed when the columns are impacted off-center, imparting a new lateral load that is able to overwhelm the weld's strength.
b- if you have trouble understanding, I'd advise talking to a structural engineer. That's why I suggested it.
Originally posted by Griff
I can understand what you are saying, but remember that the welds are designed to be stronger than the steel. This includes lateral loads. Because the strength of the steel is designed for lateral loads, the welds would also be able to hold them.
I AM a structural engineer. I know what I'm talking about. Maybe you should talk to one who disagrees with me?