Here is an analysis of evidence of life on Mars. What is surprising is that the positive results produced by the Viking Landers have been stone walled
for reasons which needless to say, seem to be obvious.
This is a paper I found while going through the LANL archives, which I think has pretty much been collecting dust. I wonder why NASA has not commented
on these findings? If it has, I haven’t chanced upon it as yet.
Having said that, this paper was presented to the scientific community at the
Carnegie Geophysical Laboratory seminar by Dr Gilbert V. Levin,
Ph.D. Chairman, Executive Officer for Science, Spherix Incorporated.
I would recommend you read the seemingly incredible analyses where you
will learn the truth and evidence of life on Mars.
Other revealing analyses and papers which are worth a read have been included in the acknowledgements at the end. Though extremely thought provoking
and interesting, I must warn you that this makes for heavy reading! But then life on Mars has to be scientifically proved, and all science which can
get pretty complicated, is not everyone’s cup of tea!
For those who find it tough to go through the labyrinth of scientific terminology, here are a few excerpts from these papers/lectures that will set
you thinking.
The Viking Project was begun by NASA on November 15, 1968, and was composed of two orbiters and two landers. The launch was initially planned for
1973, but postponed to 1975 due to the complexity and challenge of the project.
Viking on Mars.
Courtesy: MSSS
In a May 3, 2007, Carnegie dinner, Carnegie Institution Chairman, Michael Gellert, pointed out that the Institution was founded to - and does -
concentrate on high risk problems.
This makes Carnegie the proper venue for exploring a major scientific paradigm change – there is life on Mars. And, most importantly, to
determine whether life had more than one origin, as would be indicated were Earth life and Mars life is fundamentally different.
Such a result would have profound implications for the existence of life, including intelligent life, throughout the universe. I am thus very pleased
to have the opportunity to present this prospect at the Carnegie Institution Geophysical Laboratory seminar.
The Excerpts.
The Carnegie Institution Geophysical Laboratory Seminar
Analysis of evidence of Mars life held 05/14/2007.
The Viking Landers carried nine courses of the
Labeled Release experiment (LR) designed to detect any metabolizing microorganisms that might
be present on the Martian surface. The LR was designed to drop a nutrient solution of organic compounds labeled with radioactive carbon atoms into a
soil sample taken from the surface of Mars and placed into a small test cell. A radiation detector then monitored over time for the evolution of
radioactive gas from the sample as evidence of metabolism: namely, if microorganisms were metabolizing the nutrients they had been given.
When the experiment was conducted on both Viking Landers, it gave positive results almost immediately.
(Now why has this remained a subject of debate when the results were positive in the first instance?) The reasons cited were:
1. “The Viking organic analysis instrument (GCMS), an abbreviated gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer designed to identify the organic material
widely presumed to be present on Mars, found no organic molecules”.
After years of discussion and experimentation, a consensus was reached explaining this negative result as a lack of sensitivity.
2. "UV destroys life and organics".
Yet sampling soil from under a rock on Mars demonstrated that UV light was not inducing the LR activity detected.
3. "Strong oxidants were present that destroy life and organics".
Findings by the Viking Magnetic Properties Experiment showed that the surface material of Mars contains a large magnetic component, evidence
against a highly oxidizing condition.
4. “Too much too soon”. The LR positive responses and their reaction kinetics were said to be those of a first order reaction, without the lag or
exponential phases seen in classic microbial growth curves, all of which seemed to argue for a simple chemical reaction.
However, terrestrial LR experiments on a variety of soils produced response rates with the kinetics and the range of amplitudes of the LR on
Mars, thereby offsetting this argument.
5. “Lack of a new surge of gas upon injection of fresh medium”.
However, a previous test of bonded, NASA-supplied Antarctic soil, No. 664, had shown this same type of response to a 2nd injection. The failure
of the 2nd injection to elicit a response can be attributed to the organisms in the active sample having died sometime after the 1st injection, during
the latter part of Cycle 1.
6. "There can be no liquid water on the surface of Mars".
Since November and December 2006, the accumulated evidence shows that liquid water exists in soil even if only as a thin film. Viking, itself,
gave strong evidence of the presence of liquid water. Snow or frost is seen in Viking images of the landing site (e.g., Viking Lander Image 21I093).
Pathfinder has shown that the surface atmosphere of Mars exceeds 20 degrees C during part of the day, providing transient conditions for liquid
water.
Heavy Frost, or Snow. Deposit at Viking Lander 2 Site (Viking Lander Image 211093).
Courtesy: Spherix Inc
7. "Cosmic radiation destroys life on Mars".
A recent report calculated the incoming flow of both galactic cosmic rays particles (GCR) and solar energetic protons (SEP) over a wide energy
range. As a result one may acknowledge that -without even invoking natural selection to enhance radiation protection and damage repair- the radiation
incident to the surface of Mars appears trivial for the survival of numerous terrestrial-like microorganisms.
Adding to this rising tide of facts supporting the detection of life by the Viking LR experiment are the recent findings in the Martian atmosphere of
methane, formaldehyde, and, possibly, ammonia, gases frequently involved in microbial metabolism.
Excerpt from the lecture by Dr Gilbert V. Levin, Ph.D
Hydrogen Densities (Probably Water) on Mars with Viking 1 and 2 Landing Sites Located (VL1 & VL2).
Where there’s water, there’s life!
Courtesy: LANL
Have the colors of Mars images been fudged too? Why? The first is the untouched one from NASA. The second image is I think what it actually is after I
reduced the red tinge....
Courtesy: MSSS
I have attempted to summarize the main points here, though there are many more surprises, if you read the links provided.
So what do you make of this? Why is the scientific community shying away from the reality that alien life forms exist on Mars, considering this
scientific evidence? Why are we being denied the truth? The hesitation probably lies in the fact that accepting the reality of life on Mars would
result in profound implications for the psyche of mankind as a whole.
Cheers! We may not be alone after all!
lanl.arxiv.org...
lanl.arxiv.org...
arxiv.org...
mars.spherix.com...
nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov...
[edit on 5-4-2008 by mikesingh]