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London researchers found preterm babies fed enriched formula milk in their first weeks consistently outperformed other premature babies in IQ tests.
At the age of seven or eight, the difference was particularly notable in boys: those fed the normal diet had a verbal IQ 12.2 points lower on average than those fed the enriched formula.
These days many preterm babies are fed a highly-enriched formula milk.
They [APA] state there is little evidence to show that childhood diet influences intelligence except in cases of severe malnutrition.
Text, Pg. 88
Lead researcher Dr Elizabeth Isaacs said: "It is not clear whether this just relates to preterm infants, who have very specific development issues.
Results demonstrated increased duration of breastfeeding was associated with statistically significant increases in IQ assessed at the ages of 8 and 9; reading comprehension and math ability assessed at ages 10 to 13; teacher ratings of math and reading assessed at ages 8 and 12; and higher levels attained in school leaving exams.
The authors concluded that breastfeeding is associated with a small but detectable increase in child cognitive ability and educational achievement and that these effects are broad and extend into childhood and early adulthood.
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