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From Wikipedia
Corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of pain and suffering intended to change a person's behavior or to punish them.
–noun 1. the act of inflicting excruciating pain, as punishment or revenge, as a means of getting a confession or information, or for sheer cruelty.
From An Interview With Skinner
When desiring to increase the abilities or knowledge of a user, one must understand the importance of giving the appropriate stimulus to the desired response. This cannot be assured when the one controlling the environment is not present.
From Skinner, 1953, quoted here.
In fact, some forms of punishment (e.g., ritualized spanking) may be such traumatic events that they can draw the child’s attention away from the act being punished and to the punishment itself, again rendering the lesson difficult to learn.
From Skinner, 1953, quoted here.
Punishment does not always provide the direction that reward does. Punishment informs the child that a particular behavior is unacceptable but punishment does not necessarily inform the child of what alternative behaviors are acceptable.
From Bandura, 1977; Hetherington and Parke, 1979, quoted here.
Punishment, for example, may lead to increases in aggressive behavior in the punished child since punishment can frustrate children. Further, the act of punishing a child may serve as an aggressive behavior which can be imitated by the child. The constant use of punishment as a behavior control technique might also lead the child to feel a resentment toward the punishing adult. Consequently, the parent or caretaker who typically uses punishment may find that the child avoids him/her and this increased alienation may then render the adult an ineffective socializer in general for the child.
From Skinner, 1953, quoted here.
In addition, punishment, if not carefully used, might cause emotional reactions in the child which may make learning quite difficult. If the child is severely punished, he/she may become so emotionally aroused that learning is impaired and the lesson that the punishment is used to convey may be lost.
The American College of Pediatricians finds spanking is an effective way to discipline your kids that, if handled correctly, does not harm them.
Parents who feel their unruly, young children need a good old-fashioned spanking now and then have the support of the American College of Pediatricians. Research from the doctor’s group finds that spanking “can be a useful and necessary part of a successful disciplinary plan.” Dr. Den Trumbull of ACP says at times, it is necessary.
“With young children, reasoning and explanation are insufficient in persuading them to have good behavior.”
On the other side are those who defend parental and family autonomy. They counter that common sense tells us spanking has very little to do with violent tendencies in people. One survey found that over 70 percent of adults today were spanked as children, and the vast majority are law-abiding, family-loving, productive members of society. Those who are violent have become so from a complex set of factors: genetic predisposition, community and social influences, biological factors, and the family environment.
From Dictionary.com:
physical punishment, as spanking, inflicted on a child by an adult in authority.
From 'Spare the rod, spoil the child'
Of course spanking can be misused. So Trumbull has some directives to make it most effective and rarely needed.
From 'Spare the rod, spoil the child'
The ACP’s statement is in direct opposition to the American Medical Association that condemns spanking and links it to youth violence.
This study was followed by Gunnoe and Mariner publishing a followup later that same year. It included differential findings between their study and the other 8 best studies to date. They were the first to track changes as over 5 years, which would make it a more representative sample. The conclusion of both of these studies was an increase in antisocial aggression as the spanking frequency increased over a year. This problem was also confirmed by other researchers.
From Use Loving Discipline When Spanking:
God has instructed parents to use a "rod," not the hand, when they need to lovingly correct their children with a spanking. (A rod is a flexible twig or stick.)
From Hitting is Actually Not Biblical
Don't use the Bible as an excuse to spank. There is confusion in the ranks of people of Judeo-Christian heritage who, seeking help from the Bible in their effort to raise godly children, believe that God commands them to spank. They take "spare the rod and spoil the child" seriously and fear that if they don't spank, they will commit the sin of losing control of their child. In our counseling experience, we find that these people are devoted parents who love God and love their children, but they misunderstand the concept of the rod.
The book of Proverbs is one of poetry. It is logical that the writer would have used a well-known tool to form an image of authority. We believe that this is the point that God makes about the rod in the Bible – parents take charge of your children. When you re-read the "rod verses," use the concept of parental authority when you come to the word "rod," ratherthan the concept of beating or spanking. It rings true in every instance.
While Christians and Jews believe that the Old Testament is the inspired word of God, it is also a historical text that has been interpreted in many ways over the centuries, sometimes incorrectly in order to support the beliefs of the times. These "rod" verses have been burdened with interpretations about corporal punishment that support human ideas. Other parts of the Bible, especially the New Testament, suggest that respect, authority, and tenderness should be the prevailing attitudes toward children among people of faith.
From Spare the rod, the child... Stop Spanking our children:
Spanking also carries the risk of triggering the release of pent up parental anger and stress. This anger can, unfortunately, start a chain reaction that frequently ends in child abuse.
Many instances of abuse start out as simple spanking only to degenerate into full scale brutality because the helpless child was too bewildered to be broken into submission.
the Oxford English Dictionary, defines the verb to spank as "To slap or smack (a person, esp. a child) with the open hand." Its earliest etymological entry, dated 1727, reads, "To spank, to slap with the open Hand." Another citation from 1889 shows how it was done then (and
continues to be done now): "My mother . . . lifted me cleverly [and planted two spanks behind."
In 1996, the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) gave a similar definition of "disciplinary spanking": "[It] is physically non-injurious, administered with an opened hand to the buttocks, and intended to modify behavior." This is the definition agreed upon by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the one I use. I reject any broader definition as an insidious effort to demonize this age-old and harmless practice.
Question 1: You are supplying articles that indicate use a rod, never the hand, and others indicating use your hand, never a rod. What should you use, given you aren't allowed to use either by your own statements?
Where do parents receive this special training? Are parents required to be certified before spanking their child?
The author references God as instructing this. Where exactly does it state "Spare the rod, spoil the child" in the Bible? That phrase is not in the Bible, despite many sites that claim it does. None of them can actually point out the verse
PROVERBS
13:24 He that spareth his rod hateth his son: but he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes.
19:18 Chasten thy son while there is hope, and let not thy soul spare for his crying.
22:15 Foolishness is bound in the heart of a child; but the rod of correction shall drive it far from him.
23:13 Withhold not correction from the child: for if thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die.
23:14 Thou shalt beat him with the rod, and shalt deliver his soul from hell.
29:15 The rod and reproof give wisdom: but a child left to himself bringeth his mother to shame.
Bartlett's says spare the rod is from a Samuel Butler poem, Hudibras:
Love is a boy by poets styl'd;
Then spare the rod, and spoil the child.
Argument #1: Many psychological studies show that spanking is an improper form of discipline.
Counterpoint: Researchers John Lyons, Rachel Anderson and David Larson of the National Institute of Healthcare Research recently conducted a systematic review of the research literature on corporal punishment.[6] They found that 83 percent of the 132 identified articles published in
clinical and psychosocial journals were merely opinion-driven editorials, reviews or commentaries, devoid of new empirical findings. Moreover, most of the empirical studies were methodologically flawed by grouping the impact of abuse with spanking. The best studies demonstrated beneficial, not detrimental, effects of spanking in certain situations. Clearly, there is insufficient evidence to condemn parental spanking and adequate evidence to justify its proper use.
Coincidentally enough, violent crime is decreasing more and more each year. How is it that a decrease in spankings is causing a direct correlation to a decreased crime rate?
Mr. Chigbo squarely hits the nail on the head in pointing out that those who teach that spanking engenders violence among youth are faced with a strange dichotomy: We spank less today than ever in our history yet violent crimes committed by youth have been steadily rising, even as we spank our children less! Could it be that not spanking our kids is leading to more violence?
by not allowing spanking in the first place seems to be a more logical excuse.
Originally posted by TheDuckster
Also this site provides a means of 'effective spanking':
Use Loving Discipline When Spanking
God has instructed parents to use a "rod," not the hand, when they need to lovingly correct their children with a spanking. (A rod is a flexible twig or stick.)
Originally posted by TheDuckster
I gave clear cut examples ONLY, and in no way, did I mention that corporal punishment should disclude using one's hand. I will say for the record, that I do NOT condone the use of a 'rod', as this would contradict even my own words: "Excessive force."
Originally posted by TheDuckster
There are so many books on the market today, as well as classes that afford parents the proper means on how to raise children.
From Why Stop Spanking?
Children who have been repeatedly threatened or hit:
* Develop low self-worth
* Fear adults
* Feel unloved and unwanted
* Exhibit a high degree of anxiety
* Struggle with feelings of helplessness
* Seek revenge against others
* Destroy property and break things belonging to others
* Tend to be more aggressive
* Learn hitting is a way to deal with anger and frustration
From Study: Spanking kids leads to long-term bad behavior
Researchers analyzed survey data from 807 mothers of children ages 6 to 9, taken in 1988 and 1990. They compared levels of antisocial behavior among spanked and unspanked children over that interval.
The more spanking a child received at the beginning of the study, the higher level of antisocial behavior at the end, according to the researchers.
From Spanking can lead to more bad behavior by children
"Even minimal amounts of spanking can lead to an increased likelihood in antisocial behavior by children," says Grogan-Kaylor, whose findings are published in the September issue of Social Work Research.
From Spare the Rod?:
This study proves the point that quality of parenting is the chief determinant of favorable or unfavorable outcomes
From Why Stop Spanking?
One reason why almost everyone overestimates the effectiveness of spanking is that we have “selective inattention.” We simply do not remember when spanking fails, as it does most of the time, because it contradicts what we want to believe. Partly this is because our culture believes spanking is “normal” and partly because many of us were spanked as children. It is difficult for us as adults to relate our adult problems to childhood spanking or to condemn our parents.
It really appears you are still unsure about what is ok as spanking. Quote the Bible all you want, but the exact statement you are referring to is one of interpretation, and one you are specifically contradicting in your above statement, so obviously the Bible must be wrong by your view.
I gave clear cut examples ONLY, and in no way, did I mention that corporal punishment should disclude using one's hand. I will say for the record, that I do NOT condone the use of a 'rod', as this would contradict even my own words: "Excessive force." Therefore, we will stick to the definition that I have supplied above, and additional support information that is in reference to that action only.
It simply isn't possible for someone to realize they are caught up in the moment while they are sliding from spanking to beating their child, using your definitions. The only way to prevent this is to not start it. You have provided no evidence that this is a plausible way for a parent caught up in the moment to act upon.
Personally, where I stand is in between, but I lean more towards spanking than not spanking. And I am going to reveal to you guys that growing up my parents hardly ever spanked me or my sister. In fact I think I can count on one hand the amount of times I got paddled. In retrospect, I feel they were not firm enough with us and that if they had been more strict I may not have done some of the things I did.
You are correct in part of this. A lot of parents cannot afford the books and the classes, either in time or money. A hospital has a scorecard for the parents before they recommend parenting classes, but not all hospitals do this, and it is a recommendation, not a requirement.
What is interesting is my opponent has chosen not to comment on the aspect of negative reinforcement (through corporal punishment) not working as a form of discipline. None of the studies she linked indicated this was an error.
TheDuckster came right out of the gate in her opening, taking issue with the definition provided by TLomon. She also introduces the phrasing 'Loving Chastisement'. This had potential for a very solid foundation to her position and allowed her to refute TLomon's attempt to associate torture within the debate. She never follows through with illuminating her concept, but successfully retains its' unfettered use...
TheDuckster took the First Round.
TLomon came back with what I felt to be his strongest post of the debate. The introduction to BF Skinner was well presented and lead him to state this...
Corporal punishment only teaches a child to avoid corporal punishment. It does not teach them correct behavior.
This established that the reason for corporal punishment was to change behaviour. It also stated, in tandem with other aspects of his post, that corporal punishment does not teach.
TheDuckster did little to combat this gaining of ground in her next post and instead nonchalantly dismissed it as antiquated. She did provide sources, however, it was a perfunctory acknowledgement that basically sought to ride on the coattails of the ACP. I would have liked to see her go a bit more into the why her opponents source was inadequate and fill in those holes with her own source and ideas. Instead, she went to the questions...and attempted to use blame(lack of respect for authority) as a valid reason for her stance...which allowed TLomon's points to go more or less unchallenged, unfortunately.
The Second Round went to TLomon.
In the Third round, I liked TLomon's 'discrediting' of the ACP by using the AMA...but did not see where the amount of attention spent on "The Rod" was warranted. Indeed, he had already allowed the continued existence of "Loving Chastisement", which implicitly reject any notion of abuse or negative intention.. He also concluded that parents are likely angry at the behaviour of the offensive child and that their own emotional response could impact their capacity for fair and constructive treatment.... his return to his strength, the sources and stats was a good direction, but he ended up essentially stating that the support for his opponent was refuted by a source that supported his position....there was no interaction with examples or concepts, just a hashing of numbers entangled in the emminent 'he said, she said."
TheDuckster finally found the arguement for TLomon's quote above....
However, much younger children don't understand this concept. A quick smack on the bum will merit their attention easily enough.
If teaching is the goal of parenting, but it is impossible in some fashion to communicate effectively to the child, then spanking may be the route to take. She also slammed the door firmly shut on TLomon's attempt to equate a decrease in violence with the decrease in corporal Punishment/spanking.
Third Round went to TheDuckster.
TLomon started out quite weak in his next post, by attempting to put TheDuckster as a weapon wielding punisher. Not that the tactic couldn't have worked, merely the tactic was not the centerpiece of his arguement and took too much time/words from what could have been a his needed edge...as this next quote really sets him up nicely...
It simply isn't possible for someone to realize they are caught up in the moment while they are sliding from spanking to beating their child, using your definitions.
...though TheDuckster came through this time, on cue, with a more than adequate response...
Oh, but I have...and I have YOU to thank for. Remember your suggestion on 'certifying parents'? I think it is due time, that 'loving chastisement programs' (we'll call them LCP for short; nice ring to it?) be made available to parents.
She won this round with the following....
We have already established the fact that I'm advocating 'loving chastisement'. Not abuse. Not torture.
She stipulated the definition that would be used in her opening and reminded TLomon(and the audience) of the fact that he allowed that one to slip by. In one sentence, TheDuckster comletely distanced her position from many negative connotations that inherently come with the topic.
She also successfully took the last round, by stating her position succintly and defending it. TLomon had all of the stats, all of the support, but in the end, I think that he let The Duckster get away with too much as well as he came a little too late with what could have been a great angle/direction for his position...
If a family has reached the point where spanking is needed, then there are other problems in the household that should be addressed.
I would have liked to have seen more on this line of thought and as well was looking for alternatives to spanking...which never came...
I have to give this debate to TheDuckster......
This was a well fought debate and one that demonstrated to gifted individuals getting there feet wet with the process. I know that we are going to see great things from each in the coming tournament.