Well somebody asked how they found their targets.
Well, having done a bit of flying on my PC Simulator
and in a Cessna, it's really rather easy to do even
though the cockpits of a Cessna and a commercial 767
or 757 don't look too much alike. The only controls
you would need to know is the autopilot, the GPS, rudders
the flaps, the stick and the thrusters. Everything else is irrelevant
as the autopilot is gonna fly it for you. It takes it's
instructions from the pilot doing the programming.
Each commercial airliner is equipped with a Satellite
Navigation system which gives them coordinates and
their present location on a SAT MAP. The only trick is to
know how to use it.
All one would have to do is locate the closest VOR to
the twin towers and memorize a general heading it is to the
towers after passing over the VOR radial. As the ground VOR
is NEVER turned off and could have been used as a homing
beacon to the closest VOR.
The GPS brings up the VORs by location in a list and gives you
a heading to reach that VOR. Plug that heading into the autopilot
and you are on your way to the VOR.
Once you take over the cockpit then you would punch
in a heading into the auto pilot to reach the VOR closest
to the towers. I'm almost sure LaGuardia has a VOR
within eyesight (depends on visibility) of Manhattan.
The Garmin also gives you heading and distance as well
so you will know when you get close enough to the VOR
then the pilot can almost see the towers after passing
over the VOR. If the hijackers were heading east to reach
the VOR then they may have to adjust slightly on a new
heading to meet the towers. Once again you would also have
to adjust altitude on the auto pilot as well as you can't hit a building
if you are 29K feet in altitude. The auto pilot would actually
gradually descend the plane to the desired alt set on the
auto pilot. This way, they would not have to fly manually
until the final 5 minutes (or less) of flight time.
At 100 miles out on the GPS, set the alt in auto pilot to 15k, at 50 miles
out then set it to 7,500 feet. once you get within 10 miles then
reduce it again to 3,000 then cross over the VOR.
Once you hit the VOR you will have to disengage the autopilot
or else the plane will turn around and head back to the VOR.
Once at 3K feet Alt over the VOR you are within sight distance of the towers.
Disengage the auto pilot and adjust your bank to the heading
you will need to intersect the tower. Adjust your altitude lil by lil
down as you pass between the buildings and look for the tallest
ones you see in the distance. Max your thrust and set flaps to
zero for a faster speed. Leave landing gear up so as not to
create drag and just point it into the target. Once you are
within a half mile of your target then rotate the wings in
a slight bank to increase your chances of damaging more
floors. If you will review each impact tape you will see
the left bank. That was it's purpose. Multiple floors!!!
If they used the auto pilot to make slight adjustments
during the flight then only in the last 5 minutes of flight
would there be any evasive maneuvers. As you hear Betty
Ong on that recording saying the plane is doing some drastic
maneuvers. By the time it got to that point then there would
have been only about 5 or less minutes of flight time left.
How long was her conversation with the airlines?? Less than
5 minutes til it went dead. This theory of time length would
work as she didn't say the whole flight had been turbulent but
only the last part or last 5 minutes. So it would appear they
used the auto pilot to control the plane til they got within
sight distance of the towers. It would be too risky to just
give a heading after take-over and HOPE you find the Hudson.
LOL They used the GPS system and autopilot
to hit the targets. Programming the autopilot to your wishes
is relatively easy to do. The reason why the flight instructors
didn't give the terrorist a good flight record is because when you
go to an airport and request to rent a plane they make you fly
without using the autopilot, you have to fly manually which
is NOT what they were gonna do in the cockpit of the 767
or 757. It's all a matter of programming the autopilot
and reading the data from the GPS to interpret it to the
autopilot.
That's one way they could have done it. As a matter of fact
I tried the same process on my simulator leaving Cleveland
and flying east to meet the VOR and I was successful in hitting
the tower every time I tried and I'm not a real pilot nor do
I have a license but I do have some flight time in a Cessna
with an instructor. I just never had the money to finish the
training
But it can be done, IF you know how to program the
autopilot and read the GPS.
As with the Pentagon flight, it makes perfect sense that an
amateur pilot forgot to disengage the autopilot after crossing the
VOR and the plane started to turn around which is why it banked
right and headed back over the same spot (the VOR). Another thought
is he may have thought he was too high and had to descend a lil to hit the
building. Remember he is just an amateur and may have forgotten
to punch in his last descending altitude adjustment til he crossed
over the VOR near the Pentagon. The Pentagon is a lot shorter
in altitude than the towers so he had to make one extra adjustment
the 2 tower flights didn't have to make.
As far as altitude, I noticed in the flight data he was
descending in the right bank. I believe this turn was to compensate
for being too high in altitude. Once he crossed over the VOR
the 2nd time then he disengaged the autopilot. Call it human
pilot error, and needed a 2nd try to hit his target. But he did manage
to get it right the 2nd time. Why he was going so fast in the turn
was cuz he did not program the speed decrease into the autopilot
for the turn. He didn't fly it manually, he did it with the autopilot.
And disengaged auto after the turn before impact into the Pentagon.
He wasn't concerned with slowing down, he was more worried about
altitude and hitting the building.
As far as flight 93 goes, after the pilot realized the take-over was
gonna happen. He disengaged the autopilot as his last maneuver
and nose-dived. At a low altitude of 5K or less, nose over for
about 2-3 seconds would be unrecoverable at that speed and
was destined for ground impact.
Maybe John Lear could add his 2 cents into this discussion
as he is very familiar with pilot controls