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Diamant achieved orbiting at first try on 26 November 1965. The payload was a simple technological capsule christened Astérix. After this launch the three remaining rockets were used to orbit geodetic satellites (D1 program) between February 1966 and February 1967. All launches were carried out from the CIEES (Centre InterArmées d'Essais d'Engins Spéciaux, inter-army special vehicles test center) in Sahara which was closed in July 1967.
The Diamant A first stage was a 10 m high, 1.4 m diameter Emeraude rocket, weighing 14.7 tons. Its LRBA Vexin engine with steerable-nozzle burned during 93 seconds and delivered 269 kN thrust at sea level (304 kN in vacuum). The second stage was Topaze: 4.7 m high, 80 cm in diameter, weighing 2.9 tons. It provided a mean thrust of 156 kN during 44 seconds. The P064 third stage was 2 m high and 65 cm diameter. It weighed 709 kg including 640 kg Isolane (thus its name). It burned for 45 seconds providing 27 to 53 kN thrust. With its fairing Diamant was 18.95 m high and weighed 18.4 tons.
The Europa rocket was an early expendable launch system of the European Launcher Development Organisation (ELDO), which was the precursor to the European Space Agency and its Ariane family of launchers. The programme was initiated by the UK and the first launch occurred in August 1967.
1967 Aug 8 - - 16:04 GMT. Nation: USSR. Launch Site: Baikonur . Launch Vehicle: R-36-O.
* Cosmos 171 Payload: Cosmos 171 [FOBS #7]. Mass: 5,000 kg. Class: Military. Type: FOBS. Spacecraft: FOBS. Perigee: 138 km. Apogee: 177 km. Inclination: 49.6 deg. Period: 87.6 min. COSPAR: 1967-077A.
Fractional Orbital Bombardment system test. Investigation of the upper atmosphere and outer space
Capacity
Payload to LEO 118,000 kg
Payload to
Lunar orbit 47,000 kg.
To get an idea of how great that progress is, consider that in 1957 the USSR's Sputnik 1 weighed only 83.6 kilograms, and on July 16, 1969, the U.S.'s Saturn V, the largest and most powerful operational rocket ever built, lofted Apollo 11, with a mass of 43,811 kilograms, to lunar orbit during the moon-landing mission. Today, the U.S. Space Transportation System routinely launches the shuttle orbiter, weighing more than 110,000 kilograms, to low Earth orbit. The orbiter flies like a spacecraft and lands like a glider.
No other launcher played so many roles in the Russian space program as did the UR-500 rocket, known today as Proton. Conceived at the dawn of space race as a "super-size" ICBM, the UR-500 became a major player in the race to the Moon in the mid-1960s. In the 1970s and 1980s, the four-stage version of the launch vehicle launched Soviet planetary probes toward the Moon, Mars and Venus and allowed the Soviet Union to place satellites into geostationary orbit. At the same time, three-stage Protons launched all Soviet space stations, as well as heavy transport ships and modules to expand and resupply them in space. In the 1990s, the Proton became a workhorse of Russia's commercial launch business.
1966
PROJECT AQUARIUS begun. The project was funded by CIA funds (non-appropriated). The project assumed full responsibility for investigation and intelligence of UFOs and/or IACs, after December 1969 when PROJECTS GRUDGE and BLUE BOOK were closed. The purpose of PROJECT AQUARIUS was to collect all scientific, technological, medical and intelligence information from UFO and IAC sightings and contacts with Alien Life Forms. These orderly files of collected information have been used to advance the United States Air Force Space Program (not NASA).
1967
The Air Force commissions the University of Colorado to study the UFO phenomenon. Headed by Dr. Edward Condon, the project becomes known as The Condon Study. A Man In Black, Mr. Dixsun, allegedly visits Professor Condon and offers to help him contact the space people.
A classic of mystery of Bermuda Triangle. The ship Witchcraft at the harbor entrance vanished within 19 minutes between her call to the Coast Guard and their arrival on scene.
Dr Felix Zigel, of the Moscow Aviation Institute, says publicly, "We appeal to all viewers to send us details of any observations of strange flying craft. This is a serious challenge to Science, and we need the help of all Soviet citizens."
UFO Crashes
1967 USA, Florida, Avon Park AFB
1967 USA, Missouri, Southwest, January
1967 Sudan, August 17
1967 Canada, Shag Harbor, Nova Scotia, October 6