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He noted that, although the F-117 had been operational for 15 years, “there are things in that airplane, while they may not be leading technologies today in the United States, [that] are certainly ahead of what some potential adversaries have.” Kaminski added that the main concern was not that any exploitation of the F-117’s low-observable technology would enable an enemy to put the F-117 at greater risk but that it could help him eventually develop his own stealth technology in due course.21 Reports indicated that military officials had at first considered attempting to destroy the wreckage but opted in the end not to follow through because they could not have located it before civilians and the media surrounded it.22 Those issues aside, whatever the precise explanation for the downing, it meant not only the loss of a key US combat aircraft, but also the dimming of the F-117’s former aura of invincibility, which for years had carried incalculable psychological value.
Even the article doesn't say that the S-300 is going to be sold - it merely comments that Iran wants it. Iran may want the S-300PMU but Russia has turned down customers for that system in the past, not least Syria.
The actual western equivalent would be the PAC-2.
EDIT:What's this 'brilliant' 200mile JASSM? What stops the S-300 from taking it out as well?
I see no way out other than saturation salvos launches..
The F/A-22 stealth is currently ahead of the radar tracking curve. Radar systems will undoubtably eventually catch up, meaning stealth will have to make advances again to remain competitive.
LOL.
C'mon, people. Let's get something straight. As far as the actual capabilities and performance for the systems being discussed in this thread are concerned................the crapola you find on the internet regarding these systems is, at best, probably 50-75% accurate. Real performance data is classified and unknown to the general public.
Until people start posting actual user's manuals and classified capabilities briefings, you are all just chasing your tails.
Originally posted by rogue1
LOL they don't back up #e. It is very easy to dazzle the ignorant with BS, sin your case.
I for one and other more studious members
can see straight through the BS and it's obvious the claims they make are not backed up by fact, just inuendo based on a little fact.
This however does not support the conclusions they come to.
Originally posted by StellarX
Originally posted by rogue1
LOL they don't back up #e. It is very easy to dazzle the ignorant with BS, sin your case.
It's surprising how you insult just about everyone who ever has a disagreement with you... Do you have anything positive to add beside ridicule of everyone who disagrees without offering the remotest proof that your point of view is in fact accurate?
Find some people who will put their names behind yours and bring whoever you can find here. It will defend my views as far as the evidence allows and if your ideas do not pan out don't bother appealing to a audience you do not have.
You never address the facts i offer up with anything but innuendo so this is just another instance of standing reality on it's head to defend your ignorance.
I value interested and objective disagreement but you have never admitted any errors or compromised one inch on a belief that you have seemed completely unable to defend in a factual and civil manner.
Originally posted by rogue1
Just following your example. You love to call people ignorant all the time because they disagree with you. In fact anyone who disagrees with you is labelled ignorant
I don't hvae to they have already posted numerous times asking you for proof of what yu say. You offer a little fact about somwething then make these grandiose leaps. That is all.
When you do use fact it rarely backs up what you're saying.
You assume alot based on a few facts.
It's time consuming and annoying arguing alot of the time with what you post as you never offer up any concrete evidence of what you're saying.
Just claims and some third party said this......
Just following your example.
Maybe when you offer up some real evidence of what you say, I may take you seriously.
As far as the S-300 being capable of what you calim, you can privde very little substantiation, I just want to see ( as well as otyher members ) some concrete facts.
Eg. You say they have tested the S-300 against various targets, well tell us the conditions of the test and what thse targets were - somethign which backs you up.
Not just some vague statement " oH, they've conducted tsts agsainst various targets ......"
You know FACTS.
You have neither the good sense to avoid getting involved in discussions where you must defend your beliefs or the good sense to actually manage marginally interesting objections. I can obviously not respect anyone for such vain glorious stupidity.
Originally posted by StellarX
Originally posted by rogue1
Maybe when you offer up some real evidence of what you say, I may take you seriously.
What you consider real evidence i do not care for as your standards are clearly incredibly high when you do not want to believe and incredible low when you have chosen to dogmatically believe. What am i to do when nothing that disagrees with your opinions and beliefs ( rarely even backed by the remotest use of factual material) has credibility in your mind? How am i supposed to defend my point of view when dozens of quoted source pages are never contested individually but simply dismissed as 'inaccurate' based on nothing but your say so ?
As far as the S-300 being capable of what you calim, you can privde very little substantiation, I just want to see ( as well as otyher members ) some concrete facts.
I think you should let the other members speak for themselves as very few are as close minded as you are. Very few are obviously ready to contest my information in a factual way but i can respect those who keep quite admitting in a way that they either agree or lack the time, knowledge, interest to contest in factual way what i have proposed.
You have neither the good sense to avoid getting involved in discussions where you must defend your beliefs or the good sense to actually manage marginally interesting objections. I can obviously not respect anyone for such vain glorious stupidity.
Eg. You say they have tested the S-300 against various targets, well tell us the conditions of the test and what thse targets were - somethign which backs you up.
I have in the past provided you with those sources and contested them but when that did not pan out for you you simply gave up and started denying the reality you failed to contest. This is not how it's done and if you are not ready to go back and defend your point of view properly i see no reason to restate my position by posting facts you are well aware of. I am not on this forum to take up space and endlessly quote material people like you are well aware of.
You should not be one to use the word ' fact' as you care not for any that you do not like. If you can not contest 'facts' in a determined, extensive and factual manner you have no business objecting to it and your claims will not be taken seriously by well informed parties.
Originally posted by rogue1
Hmm lets see, I'll skip the 95% of the crap in this post, doesn't leave me much.
LOL you can quote all your " sourced " pages y want,
but alot of them are inaccurate or wrong which I hvae proved on your previous threads.
For instane the DIA's report on Soviet Military Power, which I have proven to be very inaccurate,
it was basically a tool to justify the increase in military sending.
Many of the tings mentioned in that repoert didn't even exist
Yet you refuse to believe teh " facts ". You can't defend yur point of view because you can't back it up.
You hvae no facts to cntest, as I have said time and time agan, you cannot back up your claims with straight facts.
LOL, typical example of Afrikaaner arrogance, very funny.
You hvae provided no facts on these supposed tests f the S-300, not a single one.
You hvae provided no information on teh targets or parameters used for these testss
"Because of this relative wealth of uncertainty, the final ABM treaty included an explicit obligation in Article VI not to test SAMs "in an ABM mode." Since the ABM testing of the SA-5 could have been completed for some years prior to 1972, the treaty’s impact on an SA-5 ABM capability would be slight. Even at that, the reported repeated violations of the treaty after 1972 by the use of the SA-5 radar in tracking ballistic missiles resulted in Soviet tests against missiles similar in range to a normal SLBM trajectory.35 The Soviets claimed (and the administration) accepted) that the SA-5 radar was not being tested in an ABM mode, but rather was being used in a "legitimate range instrumentation role."36 Whether it is designated as a "range instrumentation radar" does not alter the fact that it has been used in a missile-tracking role. Its ability to track missile warheads on the range is therefore prima facie evidence of its ABM capability. Former Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird claims that thousands of SA-5 interceptors have been deployed in hundreds of sites around some 110 Soviet urban areas, principally in the European U.S.S.R.37 Such a deployment could play havoc with the surviving 1440 SLBM RVs."
www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil...
Prior to 1967 there was a consensus that the SA-5 could be a SAM/ABM, with the Hen Houses as the battle-management radars. After 1967, however, the CIA argued that the SA-5 was only a SAM, and that the Hen Houses provided only early warning of a missile attack. By about 1970 the majority agreed. Subsequently only a handful of Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) analysts, plus occasionally the Air Force and a few Department of Defense officials, made the case for Soviet national ABM defenses based on the SA-5/SA-10 SAM/ABMs and the Hen House/LPARs as battle-management radars.
The CIA relied almost exclusively on the "hard evidence" from U.S. technical collection systems despite the fact that such evidence was inconclusive and plagued by major "intelligence gaps." Now Russian sources have filled in most of the intelligence gaps, thus refuting the CIA's analysis on every critical issue.
www.security-policy.org...
"To the best of my knowledge, reports of Kosygin's remarks lumping Moscow and Tallinn (the SA-5) together as ABM systems never reached DIA. Whether it was reported elsewhere I do not know. In any case, it did not deter McNamara from telling Congress six months later that U.S. intelligence, i.e. the CIA, was now confident that
the system was only a SAM, not a dual purpose SAM/ABM although such systems could have some marginal ABM capabilities."
www.fas.org...
I want facts, so that I can make a judegement, you have provided none therefore you opinions are nothing more than fiction.
FACTS ? I do not have to provide facts, d3ebunking your so clled facts is all I need to do. You provide no facts.
Also I like how when someon proves you wroig about some Russian hardware you change the subject to a US bashing post. This shows your simple mentality and basic thought process.
LOL I se ein another thread you've run way after postnig some ignorant comments on teh Russian war in hechnya.
Once again you were easily proved wrong.
I know oyur tctics are to wait a few days so there is a new page in the post and people wont read your incoherent and completely wrong babble
You are a true progenitor of Ignorance is Bliss.
Originally posted by rogue1
And what, you still provide no facts to back yourself up. this is getting old and boring.
Bring some facts to the table for once, not a never ending stream of BS and supposition.
LOl, just repeating what I said, LOL. One stealth plane has been shot down out of thousands of sorties.
Yep what a stupid idea Of course someone with your minute knowledge must know better.
But no fact, your sources may make some calims but present no fact.
On March 27, 1999, the 3rd Battalion of the 250th Missile Brigade under the command of Colonel Zoltán Dani, equipped with the Isayev S-125 'Neva-M' (NATO designation SA-3 'Goa'), downed an American F-117A "Stealth Fighter" with a Neva-M missile. According to Wesley Clark and other NATO generals, Yugoslav air defenses found that they could detect F-117s with their "obsolete" Soviet radars operating on long wavelengths. This, combined with the loss of stealth when the jets got wet or opened their bomb bays, made them visible on radar screens. The pilot survived and was later rescued by NATO forces.
www.answers.com...
I can find " sources " which can suggest just about anything. FACTS are FACTS and you have presented none.
Where is this mydterious evedence which supposes this ? Can't find it LOL. How surprising. Do you actually have any FACTS ? Didn't think so.
I don't want the respect of an idiot, it brings me down.
Nope, I prove your " FACTS " ( which I apply the term loosely ) wrong all the time.
Yet you just keep n repeating the same old BS. I don't run away, I just can't be bothered replying to carbon after carbon copy of your posts which I have already shown to be false.
It's very boring and uninteresting, you seem to think if you repeat somethign anough, you'll browbeat people into accepting it as fact.
LOL, I beleive many more mebers believe that you are full of it. A poster here in this thread has alreay asked you for your facts, yet you giver him nothing. Come on
LMAO, did I just read this. So you beleive the brochures that the arms manufactureres put out. Oh but wait they demonsrate them to foreign buyers in ( rigged tests ).
Gee they must be all that they say they. Once again the S-300 has never been tested in combat only under very benign test conditions.
This hardly makes ot the formadle weapon you make it out to be
BUt heys the brochures saud so .......LMAO.
WHat are it's previous incarnations ? What teh SA-10, it's hardly a super weapon LOL and never [played a decisive role in any battle.
The S-300 grouping features several different types of missiles built to strike at everything from low-flying drones and stealth cruise missiles to high-altitude reconnaissance airplanes and distant sensor platforms. Arrival of these systems in the arsenals of military foes will greatly complicate US operations, which continue to depend heavily on nonstealthy aircraft and will for years to come.
Gen. Richard E. Hawley, the now-retired former commander of USAF's Air Combat Command, told an AFA symposium in February that these new SAMs, if deployed in numbers large enough to create overlapping zones of engagement, would figuratively present "a brick wall" to nonstealthy fighters,
www.afa.org...
The Antey-2500 is designed to combat aircraft and tactical missiles, including ballistic missiles with a launch range of up to 2,500 kilometers. The Antey-2500 mobile complex, developed on the basis of the well-known S-300V [SA-12] air defense complex, is a new-generation system, capable of autonomous combat action. It can simultaneously engage 24 aerodynamic targets, including stealth targets, or 16 ballistic targets with a RCS of up to 0.02 meters, flying at speeds of up to 4,500 m/s. Improved characteristics of the radar information facilities and optimization of radar signal processing technics make it possible to combat high-speed ballistic targets with a small radar cross section. Antey-2500 can effectively protect an area of up to 2,500 sq. km and engage targets at altitudes of 25 to 40,000 m.
www.globalsecurity.org...
Throughout the Kosovo War air campaign the major Russian missile manufacturer Almaz Central Design Burueau was quietly putting the finishing touches to a new family of highly effective S-300 and S-400 surface-to-air (SAM) missile systems. Destined to become widespread both inside and outside Russia, the presence of these missiles will "create major problems for [air strike] planners for years to come", and their significance has been greatly underestimated by Defence Ministers worldwide. This warning is made by Editors Chris Foss and Tony Cullen in the foreword of the forthcoming authoritative publication Jane's Land-Based Air Defence 2000-1 Edition.
www.janes.com...
But you provide no facts to discuss
Originally posted by StellarX
Hey i have provided you with more facts than you need to come to a reasonable conclusion but in all honesty there is no requirement for me to even do that as no one gets worse at making these types of things. Do i really have to establish that the S-300 works in a complete vacuum without looking at the Russian technology that came before and were battle tested in such extremes? That's the type of insane arguments there really is no good way to deal with.
Originally posted by rogue1
And here we have the crux of the problem, no need to deal with the rest of the waffling BS. The S-300 has never been testd in an ABM role simple as that.
You hvae just admtted you have nothing to prove that it is capable at all against long range ballistic misiles, especially not any facts ie. tests against IRBM's.
You have nothingmore than assertions so please from now in state when you say these things IMO, because you are not using facts.
Game Over and goodnight.
Originally posted by StellarX
Originally posted by rogue1
And here we have the crux of the problem, no need to deal with the rest of the waffling BS. The S-300 has never been testd in an ABM role simple as that.
Like saying the F-16 has never been tested in a flying role.
You hvae just admtted you have nothing to prove that it is capable at all against long range ballistic misiles, especially not any facts ie. tests against IRBM's.
So basically you are saying that it's not possible because the USSR made no progress in BM interception since 1961 when they managed to shoot down various BM's? How can this be a argument?
If this came from a 12 year old i could understand but are you not getting a bit old for these types of games? Do you really believe that by simply saying it's not true you can make it true?
Originally posted by rogue1
What a stupid and completely irrelevant comaparison. NOt only can the F-16 fly it has been tested in combat several times The S-300 has never been tested against any long range ballistic object let alone in combat
No basically I'm saying where is your PROOF, you know facts. BTW shooting down one wrhead out of multiple failed tests does not a reliabl weapon make. ALso what were the prameters of the test, was the warhead carrying a beacon etx.
At the very least they knew the exact time it was to be launched and the exact plce it would be, far from vombat conditions and they only managed on " successful " test out of many
LOl, lets put the shoe on teh other fooy, by simply saying it is true, doies it make it so
Because you provde no concrete evidence at all,
it's obvious by your arguments and your dancing around the subject. WHERE ARE THE FACTS ABOUT THE S-300, TEST RESULTS ?
Game Over and goodnight.
Originally posted by StellarX
Originally posted by rogue1
What a stupid and completely irrelevant comparison. Not only can the F-16 fly it has been tested in combat several times The S-300 has never been tested against any long range ballistic object let alone in combat
And this objection could have at some stage been made for every weapon on the planet! Does it matter that they have held field exercises and extensive testing of this weapon over the last nearly three decades? Does it matter that defense analyst consider it the best SAM system in the world?
No basically I'm saying where is your PROOF, you know facts. BTW shooting down one warhead out of multiple failed tests does not a reliable weapon make. Also what were the parameters of the test, was the warhead carrying a beacon etc.
I remember just posting two posts worth about 20 000 words on that score Saturday but maybe your efforts to evade them really were this successful. If you failed to see it please tell me so i can direct you there!
At the very least they knew the exact time it was to be launched and the exact place it would be, far from combat conditions and they only managed on " successful " test out of many
It took the USA twenty five years to manage the same feat under the same type of testing conditions so why are we trying to play this down as if the USSR was chasing fools gold and completely deluding themselves?
Where is YOUR evidence that that was the case when it's widely admitted that ABM's with nuclear tips were tested and working on both sides of the ocean by the early mid 60's. The only thing really worth debating is hit to kill technology with conventional warheads.
LOl, lets put the shoe on the other foot, by simply saying it is true, does it make it so
By simply claiming that i am lying ( without the remotest factual base) does not make it lies.
Because you provide no concrete evidence at all,
Well since you are clearly not blind i am wondering what other thing you could possibly be suffering from! Where is your concrete evidence that my evidence is at all flawed? Claiming so does not make it so!
it's obvious by your arguments and your dancing around the subject. WHERE ARE THE FACTS ABOUT THE S-300, TEST RESULTS ?
Game Over and goodnight.
It's obvious by your avoidance of any quoted material that i do post that you are running away from reality.
Originally posted by rogue1
They have, please provide some links to it being tested against ballistic targets - you are the one making the claim therefore you should back it up.
This new evidence reinforces longstanding concerns about systematic Soviet violations of the ABM Treaty. Battlefield management radars are
the long leadtime component of any ABM defense system and the Soviets seem to have gained a great deal of experience in this field since 1975 when they installed an ABM-X-3 radar in the Kamchatka impact area for their ICBM tests. Over the years, the Soviets have also been upgrading their surface-to-air (SAM) bomber defense systems--now presumed to perform an ABM role. Since the Carter Administration, the Soviets repeatedly have tested various types of SAM missiles in'a discernable ABM mode at altitudes above 100,000 feet and have deployed thousands of less capable SA-5 missiles around-Soviet cities. These illegal ABM activities and the development of an anti-tactical ballistic missle system clearly point to a Soviet decision to subvert the ABM Treaty shortly after signing it.
Refusals to acknowledge these Soviet treaty violations point to the perennial dilemma of what to do after detecting cheating. The Administra-. tion is doingitself and the country no favor by refusing to acknowledge the mounting evidence that the Soviets are developing a capability which seriously erodes strategic stability and will soon permit the Soviet Union to break out of the ABM Treaty. The Administration should document and publicize Soviet ABM activities and Treaty violations. It should accele- rate the U.S. ballistic missile defense (BDM) program. Unless Moscow can refute the evidence that its radar and weapons programs are not de- signed for an ABM role, the U.S. should abrogate the ABM Treaty.
www.heritage.org...
The SA-5 was designated the S-200 Volga by the Soviets — the SA-5A and SA-5C are conventional versions; the SA-5B is nuclear. The warhead probably has the option for either command or proximity detonation. It was designed in the 1950s to counter American high-altitude aircraft such as the B-70 Valkyrie and SR-71 Blackbird, as well as the new stand-off missiles such as the Hound Dog, Blue Steel, and Skybolt. The United States has long claimed the SA-5B has an ABM capability (and was tested in this role in the 1970s), particularly given the sizable 25 kiloton nuclear warhead it carries. Over 2,000 missiles are deployed (the percentage of the nuclear SA-5B version is unknown), though the aging SA-5 has increasingly been replaced by the SA-10 Grumble. However, the SA-5 has received numerous upgrades and modifications, including terminal maneuvering capabilities.
www.cdi.org...&f/database/rusnukes.html
The SA-5 was designated the S-200 Volga by the Soviets — the SA-5A and SA-5C are conventional versions; the SA-5B is nuclear. The warhead probably has the option for either command or proximity detonation. It was designed in the 1950s to counter American high-altitude aircraft such as the B-70 Valkyrie and SR-71 Blackbird, as well as the new stand-off missiles such as the Hound Dog, Blue Steel, and Skybolt. The United States has long claimed the SA-5B has an ABM capability (and was tested in this role in the 1970s), particularly given the sizable 25 kiloton nuclear warhead it carries. Over 2,000 missiles are deployed (the percentage of the nuclear SA-5B version is unknown), though the aging SA-5 has increasingly been replaced by the SA-10 Grumble. However, the SA-5 has received numerous upgrades and modifications, including terminal maneuvering capabilities.
It is interesting to note that the warhead of this anti-aircraft missile has a larger yield than the bombs that devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Part of the SA-5B network consists of a line of bases across the northwest approaches to Russia, known as the Tallinn Line. The current status of the nuclear warheads assigned to the strategic SAMs is unknown — they may have been placed with the tactical weapons in centralized storage. Yeltsin did announce in January 1992 that one half of all anti-aircraft nuclear warheads would be destroyed, and because of its age, the SA-5B Gammon
www.cdi.org...&f/database/rusnukes.html
First, the SA-5 system was tested and developed at the officially declared ABM test range, Sary-Shagan.28 Second, medium- and intermediate-range missiles were fired to impact areas located at Sary-Shagan. Senators John "Jake" Garn and Gordon J. Humphrey have charged that many of these missiles could have served as the targets for ABM intercept programs.29 If so, the target most closely approximated in terms of range, radar cross section, and trajectory would be SLBMs. Third, if such a system as the SA-5 were to act as a terminal atmospheric defense weapon, it would require all-azimuth radar data for warning, acquisition, and pointing inputs to the SA-5 intercept radar. The Hen House long-range radar deployment was coincident in time with initiation of the SA-5 deployment.30 Hen House radars are deployed (in accordance with the ABM treaty) on the periphery of the U.S.S.R., scanninig outward over U.S. SLBM launch areas.31 As a linear array radar, Hen House can handle multiple targets limited only by internal computer configurations that can never be physically seen or assessed directly by U.S. intelligence.32 Acknowledged ABM radars such as the Dog House and Cat House also possess the capability to be used by the SA-5 in an ABM role as does a new class of large ABM capable phased-array radars publicly announced by Senator Garn.33 Fourth, and most important, the assessed technical characteristics of the SA-5 system itself indicated a clear capability to perform as a terminal ABM system to destroy ballistic missile targets of the SLBM variety given adequate radar acquisition data.34
Because of this relative wealth of uncertainty, the final ABM treaty included an explicit obligation in Article VI not to test SAMs "in an ABM mode." Since the ABM testing of the SA-5 could have been completed for some years prior to 1972, the treaty’s impact on an SA-5 ABM capability would be slight. Even at that, the reported repeated violations of the treaty after 1972 by the use of the SA-5 radar in tracking ballistic missiles resulted in Soviet tests against missiles similar in range to a normal SLBM trajectory.35 The Soviets claimed (and the administration) accepted) that the SA-5 radar was not being tested in an ABM mode, but rather was being used in a "legitimate range instrumentation role."36 Whether it is designated as a "range instrumentation radar" does not alter the fact that it has been used in a missile-tracking role. Its ability to track missile warheads on the range is therefore prima facie evidence of its ABM capability. Former Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird claims that thousands of SA-5 interceptors have been deployed in hundreds of sites around some 110 Soviet urban areas, principally in the European U.S.S.R.37 Such a deployment could play havoc with the surviving 1440 SLBM RVs.
The SA-5 anti-SLBM defenses are unorthodox and even "sneaky" in that they exist in the context of an ABM treaty under which the United States officially assumes they do not exist and takes no actions or precautions to counteract the capability. And an SA-5 ABM capability only makes sense in an overall damage-denial scheme which negates ICBMs some other way and reduces the number of SLBM RVs by ASW efforts to levels which can be countered by active SA-5 defenses, civil defense, and hardening of key targets.38
www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil...
The Bush administration’s policy was not an automatic continuity or continuation of all treaties with the USSR, but provided a framework to review each agreement and determine necessary changes. Such a review was particularly important for arms control agreements. As President Clinton stated in a letter to Congressman Gilman in March 1997, and I quote, “Particularly in the area of arms control, a case-by-case review of each agreement was necessary.” In that case-by-case review, the administration negotiated a memorandum of understanding [MOU] on succession to the ABM Treaty. The MOU, was concluded in September 1997 and identified Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia as the successor states to the treaty. This selection of successor states seemed to be consistent with a statement by the President that, and I quote, “neither a simple recognition of Russia as the sole ABM successor (which would have ignored several former Soviet States with significant ABM interests) nor a simple recognition of all NIS, Newly Independent States, as full ABM successors would have preserved fully the original purpose and substance of the treaty, as approved by the Senate in 1972.” That was the letter from the President to Congressman Gilman. The administration went on to reiterate in that same letter that the MOU on succession “works to preserve the original object and purpose of the treaty.” To summarize, the administration believed in 1997 that recognition of Russia alone or all of the successor states together would not have preserved the original purpose of the treaty.
www.missilethreat.com...
In mid-1994 the Belarusian air force operated two interceptor regiments with MiG-23, MiG-25, and MiG-29 aircraft; three strike regiments with MiG-27, Su-17, Su-24, and Su-25 aircraft; and one reconnaissance regiment with MiG-25 and Su-24 aircraft. Four regiments had 300 helicopters, and one transport regiment had more than forty helicopters. Personnel numbered 15,800.
Belarus also had an air defense force with 11,800 personnel and 200 SA-2, SA-3, SA-5, and SA-10 surface-to-air missiles. The system was being integrated into Russia's air defenses in 1994 owing to Belarus's lack of resources.
www.globalsecurity.org...
Kazakhstan is investing the equivalent of one billion dollars to upgrade its air defense system, reports Interfax, with the upgrades reportedly being made by a British company, BAE Systems. The systems upgraded reportedly include the S-75, S-125, S- 200, and S-300. The size of the contract reflects the extent of the defense systems built by the Soviet Union
www.missilethreat.com...
THE AIR DEFENSE FORCE
Structurally consist of three Corps, deployed correspondingly in Lviv, Odesa, Dnipropetrovs'k. The Force HQ is located in Kyiv.
48 000 men are in Air Defense service. The Force is armed with Air Defense complexes S-75; S-125, S-200, S-300. It also includes Fighter Aviation.
The Air Defense Force of Ukraine was developed at the basis of formations, deployed in Ukraine at the moment of its independence's proclamation.
Note: SA-5 is actually a reused NATO reporting name: it originally referred to the Russian V-1000 Anti Ballistic Missile system, introduced in 1963 and retired the following year for unknown reasons. The SA-5 (as described here) is apparently considered to be a "highly modified version of it".
everything2.com...
In March 4, 1961, in the area of the A testing ground the V-1000 ABM with a fragmentation-high-explosive warhead successfully intercepted and destroyed at an altitude of 25 kilometers the R-12 BM launched from the State Central Testing Ground with a dummy warhead weighing 500 kilograms. The Dunai-2 radar of the A system detected the BM at a distance of 1,500 kilometers when it appeared over the radio horizon, then the M-40 central computer found parameters of the R-12 trajectory, and prepared target designation for precision homing radars and the launchers. The ABM was launched and its warhead was actuated by the signal from the command post. The warhead of the ABM consisted of 16,000 balls with a carbide-tungsten core, TNT filling, and a steel hull. The warhead had a fragments field shaped as a disk perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ABM. The warhead was actuated by the signal from the ground with a deflection necessary for formation of the fragments field. The warheads of this type were designed under the supervision of Chief Designer A. Voronov. The M-40 central computer was designed by the Precise Mechanics and Computer Research Institute of the Academy of Sciences under the supervision of Academician S. Lebedev. The computer could make 40,000 operations per second.
The V-1000 had two stages. The first stage was a solid-propellant booster, and the second stage was a sustainer stage with a warhead which was equipped with a liquid-propellant engine developed by the Design Bureau of Chief Designer A. Isaev. In addition to the fragmentation warhead a nuclear warhead was also designed for the missile. The flight tests of the missile, which could intercept targets at altitudes of up to 25 kilometers, started in 1958. The parallel approach to the target at a strictly counter course was chosen as the method of the ABM's homing. The V-1000 was delivered to the trajectory calculated according to the homing method along the regular curve, parameters of which were defined by the predicted target trajectory. P. Kirillov was the Chief Designer of the missile's automatic pilot. On March 26, 1961, the ABM destroyed the warhead of the R-5 BM with 500 kilograms of TNT. Overall, during the trial of the A system 11 launches of ABMs were performed which destroyed warheads of BMs, and experimental ABMs with heat seeking self-homing warhead, radio-controlled fuses, and optical fuses were also launched. The S2TA version of the V-1000 ABM with a heat seeking self-homing warhead was tested at the A testing ground between 1961 and 1963. The flight tests of the V-1000 with the nuclear warhead (without the fissible material) designed in Chelyabinsk-70 were conducted in 1961. For this warhead two types of proximity fuses were designed and tested: the optical fuse (designed by the GOI under the supervision of Chief Designer Emdin) a and radio-electronic fuse (Chief Designer Bondarenko) for the R2TA and G2TA versions of the missile.
Systems for surmounting of air defenses intended for domestic BM were also tested during the trial of the A system. The launched target ballistic missiles were equipped with inflatable false targets Verba, unfolding false targets Kaktus, and Krot active jammers. Overall, the field tests of the A system showed a principle possibility of BM warheads interception. Experiments under the coded name Operation K were conducted (K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5) to check a possibility of the A system functioning under the influence of nuclear explosions at altitudes of 80 to 300 kilometers between 1961 and 1962 at the Sary-Shagan testing ground. The A system showed its capability to function even when a conventional enemy used nuclear weapons.
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On 29 November 1960 the first attempted intercept of an R-5 IRBM by the V-1000 was fully successful. (1) The anti-ballistic missile passed within the kill radius of the high-explosive fragmentation warhead of the V-1000. But the warhead itself had not completed development and was not installed. The five following intercept attempts were unsuccessful - five R-5's and two V-1000's were expended (three times the system failed to launch the anti-ballistic missile in time):
1961 began with another string of failures (5 further launches were planned in the first test series). A variety of warheads were wasted in attempting to destroy the incoming missiles. (3)Once, manually, and twice, automatically, the missile made a more-or-less successful intercept. But this was followed by three failures, indicating a great amount of time and effort were needed to develop the intercept method.
(2)On 4 March 1961 the V-1000 achieved a world first - the destruction of the re-entry vehicle of an R-12 IRBM. This was followed by the destruction of an R-5 re-entry vehicle. In all, there were 11 launches with military warheads, plus launches of developmental warheads. The S2TA variant used an infrared-homing self-guiding high-explosive warhead and was designed by Storozhenko at the GOI State Optical Institute in Lengingrad. It was capable not only of determining the moment for warhead detonation, but also was capable of guiding the anti-ballistic missile independently using an on-board computer. The R2TA version used a radio-guided explosive warhead, with two types of proximity fuses used to determine the correct moment for warhead detonation. These were the G2TA, a radio ranging system, developed by Bondarenko and an optical system, developed by Emdin at GOI. Flight tests of the V-1000 with a nuclear warhead designed at Chelyabinsk-70 were also carried out.
Manufacturer: Vympel/Grushin. Launches: 37. Failures: 5. Success Rate: 86.49%. First Launch Date: 1958-10-16. Last Launch Date: 1962-11-01. Launch data is: incomplete. Apogee: 100 km (60 mi). Total Mass: 8,800 kg (19,400 lb). Core Diameter: 1.00 m (3.20 ft). Total Length: 14.50 m (47.50 ft). Maximum range: 300 km (180 mi). Boost Propulsion: Solid rocket. Cruise Propulsion: Storable liquid rocket, AK-20I/TG-02. Cruise engine: S2.726. Cruise Thrust: 102.900 kN (23,133 lbf). Guidance: Radio command. Maximum speed: 3,600 kph (2,200 mph). Ceiling: 25,000 m (82,000 ft).
www.astronautix.com...
Based on operational nuclear--capable delivery platforms, knowledge about the size and composition of the nonstrategic stockpile during the Cold War, and statements made by Russian officials about implementation of the 1991-1992 presidential initiatives, we estimate that Russia maintains approximately 2,330 operational nonstrategic warheads and some 4,170 nonstrategic warheads in reserve. The operational warheads include: approximately 700 warheads for antiballistic missile and air defense systems (the A-135 system around Moscow and the SA-10 Grumble/S-300 system); some 975 air-to-surface missiles and bombs for delivery by land-based Tu-22M Backfire and Su-24 Fencer strike aircraft; and 655 warheads for cruise missiles, anti-air missiles, antisubmarine rockets, and torpedoes delivered by submarines, surface ships, and land-based naval aircraft. All naval warheads are stored on land.
www.thebulletin.org...
On 04 March 1961 an R-12 ballistic missile fitted with a mockup in the form of a 500-kg steel plate, simulating a standard warhead, was launched from the State proving ground at station Sary-Shagan. The target was detected by proving ground radars at a range of 1,500 km and destroyed by a V-1000 antimissile missile, outfitted with a high-explosive-payload.
In 1963 the Griffon [NATO reporting name] interceptor was paraded in Red Square, and characterized as an ABM interceptor. The Griffon was a two-stage liquid fueled interceptor that was 16.5 meters long with a range of over 250 kilometers. Construction of the RZ-25 ABM system, which employed the V-1000 interceptor, was first detected in the early 1960's near the Estonian capital Tallinn. However this construction soon ceased. A highly modified version of the Griffon, the Gammon, was subsequently developed.
www.fas.org...
"Former Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird claims that thousands of SA-5 interceptors have been deployed in hundreds of sites around some 110 Soviet urban areas, principally in the European U.S.S.R"
www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil...
Quite astounding that with " 20 000 " words you still cannot provide any concrete proof, just conjecture. You should be saying IMO, not fact.
Oh similar conditions, please provide some reference material about the Russian test. You are making the claim they are similar, where is the Soviet material to make a comparison.
d where were these nuclear tipped ABM's tested ?
At the end of the briefing McNamara accepted the cost-exchange ratios as being no more than 4: 1 in favor of the offense (down from 100:1), which made NIKE-X cost-effective by the standards he had prescribed. (12) However, in an emotional outburst during the briefing McNamara rejected the evidence that the Soviets put first priority on destroying MM silos in order to limit damage to the USSR, saying that as a Soviet Marshal he would target the entire arsenal on U.S. cities. Hence he refused to approve NIKE-X deployment to protect U.S. citizens from the FSU on the grounds of MAD theology--U. S. ABM defenses would be "destabilizing" by forcing the Soviets to respond with a massive MIRVed ICBM buildup.
The Joint Chiefs used a version of that 1966 NIKE-X briefing to ambush McNamara when they met with President Johnson at his ranch in December 1966, persuading Johnson to overrule McNamara and order deployment of U.S. national ABM, although not the defense against the FSU that the Chiefs proposed.(13) While the Chief's briefing is not available, a memo for the record prepared by W. W. Rostow, then President Johnson's national security adviser, is.(14)
According to Mr. Rostow's memo, the Chiefs recommended MIKE-X deployment at 25 cities to save the lives of 30 to 50 million U.S. citizens, if attacked. McMamara opposed the Chiefs' proposal on the grounds of MAD theology and simplistic "action-reaction":
* it was "inconceivable" that the Soviets would react in any other way but to restore the status quo ante, i.e. 120 million U.S. population fatalities;
* both sides would spend a lot of money and end up where they started, but we would waste the most because offensive weapons were so much cheaper than ABM systems;
* the danger of war would not be reduced;
* the FSU had "been wrong in its nuclear defense policy for a decade" because everything spent on all types of defenses (air and missile) had been wasted.(15)
The Chiefs saw it quite differently:
* NIKE-X would save tens of millions of lives against a Soviet population attack, and that was a worthwhile objective;
* while they could not predict with confidence how the Soviets would react, all likely reactions had a substantial price and would divert funds from other military programs--no free lunches;
* the risk of nuclear attack would be reduced
www.fas.org...
It is up to you to provide the information to prove what you're saying is correct, so far you haven't. Therefore without the necessary proof, how can you believed ?
But you provide no evidence which clearly states what you say. I am still waiting for it.
Well by all means if the material existed, why wouldn't you post it again after repeated requests. Simple fact is, there is no concrete evidence to back up what you say. Only your conjecture base on certain dubious " facts ".]