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Originally posted by LaBTop
This method also explains the missing ancient drawings of huge dirt ramps or shafts.
It utilizes all methods known and drawn by ancient egyptians, like pushing, pulling, sliding limestone blocks, and using ROPES to shove and slide huge multiple tonnes statues of known pharaohs, as can clearly be seen f.ex. in this ancient picture found in a temple :
Figure 3, Transporting a statue from the tomb of Dhutihotep, El Bersheh
Most noticeably, a crowd of 50 Egyptian laborers, encouraging one another with raucous cries of mutual support, yanked on ropes attached to a truck-sized block of stone. Weighing perhaps 25 tons, the block rested on a wooden sledge, which the workers were trying to haul along a patch of ground. Earlier, they had firmed up the ground with embedded wooden sleepers laid down crosswise like railroad ties, and had lubricated the sleepers with greasy smears of tallow. The rock had not yet budged, but we were hopeful.
In fact, our little scene looked strikingly similar to one depicted in a relief from the 20th-century B.C. The 12th Dynasty scene shows a gigantic statue of Djehutihotep lashed to a wooden sledge, which 172 laborers in four rows pull using ropes tied to the sledge's leading edge. One man leans out over the statue's feet, pouring a liquid under the sledge to lubricate the runners. Another man, apparently calling out orders or encouragement to the pullers, perches on the knees of the statue, which scholars estimated would have weighed 57 tons.
"This is the last time!"
Then, from on high, he turned to 200-plus leverers and pullers, and yelled at the top of his lungs,
"ALLAH AKBAR!! (GOD IS GREAT!)"
The sledge jumped and, for the first time, kept on going. One foot, two feet, five feet. Only after about ten feet did it finally grind to a halt.
Celebrating Jubilant workers celebrate a good day's work by giving Roger Hopkins a victory lift.
Ten feet. All told, in a day's work, maybe 20 feet. Had we done justice to Djehutihotep? Or did our attempt to recreate it in a fashion pale in comparison?
I here rumors that its made of glass
Originally posted by undo
What were Templars doing there? (besides graffitti, that is)
Originally posted by zorgon
Nice catch I missed that... Look at the "Statue" again... you will see that it covers figures that are below it... also look at the men in the line they are NOT all looking in the same direction, but milling around... must be break time..
Looks like creative archeology going on...
The standard work of Material-Knowledge in Egypt got already first published in 1926 (!) and appeared as "Ancient Egyptian Materials" by Alfred Lucas , which later in 1962 in co-operation with the chemist J. R. Harris was published in its final version under the title "Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries" . In there one can find out about rope the following:[2]
* First rope finds date back to the Badari-Episode- they are over 2500 years older than the Cheopspyramid !
* This rope already consisted among other things of Flax, Halfa grass and Papyrus reed.
* At the start of the first dynasty, flax and papyrus become generally accepted hundreds of years before Cheops as main rope material.
* In the Old Kingdom, palm fibers were used as the main rope material, which it remained up to the present day, as biological rope manufacturing material in Egypt ! ( LT: the fiberlength can be more than 2.5 meters long ! Then we also have fibers made from Hemp, at the same long fiberlength, but even stronger.)
Alone in the boat pit of the Cheops pyramid already hundreds of meters of carefully made rope were found, since the ship was manufactured in a plait-construction typical for Egypt, which would not at all have functioned without rope.
A large mistake. The ultimate tensile strength of natural fibers like the Manila hemp lie in the range of a steel wire, and in addition, the available materials the Egyptians had available, do not have to hide itself . The ultimate tensile strength of a flax fiber (those, as seen above, were in the Old Kingdom the usually-used fiber) is within the 450-800 MPa range. [4]
MPa means "mega-Pascal" and is indicated in Newton per square meter. "Newton" is a unit of force, and is defined as "meter * Kilogram/s2" . A kilogram in the gravity field of the earth exercises therefore the weight power of scarcely 10 Newton.
That means that a flax fiber of a square meter of cross-section area, which tears with a traction of 450-600 million Newton, can carry 45-80 million kilogram ! (45000 - 80000 tons!!!)
Differently formulated: A single fiber of a square millimeter cross section could bear between 45 and 80 kg at load!
Hemp and Palmfiber are appropriate for approximately 20% over this value and come at best quality into the Giga Pascal range!
Unfortunately there are not so thick single fibers, a rope reaches normally unfortunately only approximately 10% of the ultimate tensile strength of the single fiber. That is among other things because of the fact that the single fibers, which will be twined to a yarn are normally quite short (few centimeters). A flax rope of a square millimeter cross section can carry therefore 4,5 to 8 kg.
A 8 mm thick ships rope from flax nevertheless thus would have a carrying capacity of 225-400 kg!
Palmfiber ropes are however still tear-firmer, since they possess a larger fiberlength, so its tensile strength can be set to 6-10 kg per square millimeter.
We now come to the Egyptian ropes:
In the quarries of Tura, where the lime for the pyramid cover stones was cut, in 1942 and 1944, large quantities of antique rope from papyrus fibers were found, which occurred in two strengths: 1 1/4 inch (3.17 cm) and 1 1/2 inch (6.35 cm) strong[5].
These would have thus as flax rope[6] after our above view a maximum traction power of 3551-6314 kg (35-63 KN) and/or 14,251-25,335 KG (142-253 KN).
Two to three of the thicker ropes would thus have been sufficient for vertical lifting of even the heaviest stones of the Cheops pyramide. Although this is not at all necessary, as we will see on the following pages.
We see thus that we do not have to think about the rope question, but rather care about the important points of pyramid building.
From a Smithonian Institute website : A tomb painting of a colossal statue being moved shows how huge stone blocks were moved on sledges over ground first made slippery by liquid. -snip- The blocks were then brought up ramps to their positions in the pyramid. Finally, the outer layer of casing stones was finished from the top down and the ramps dismantled as the work was completed.
Some were required to drag blocks of stone down to the Nile from the quarries in the Arabian range of hills; others received the blocks after they had been conveyed in boats across the river, and drew them to the range of hills called the Libyan.
-snip-
The pyramid was built in steps, battlement-wise, as it is called, or, according to others, altar-wise. After laying the stones for the base, they raised the remaining stones to their places by means of machines formed of short wooden planks. The first machine raised them from the ground to the top of the first step. On this there was another machine, which received the stone upon its arrival, and conveyed it to the second step, whence a third machine advanced it still higher. Either they had as many machines as there were steps in the pyramid, or possibly they had but a single machine, which, being easily moved, was transferred from tier to tier as the stone rose- both accounts are given, and therefore I mention both.
Originally posted by LaBTop
I am more interested in this much sharper black and white drawing than in the quite unsharp photo of the University of Leuven, Belgium, panorama-view programmed page :
Originally posted by Marduk
as far as i know Beth the levitation claim came from the lips of Edgar Cayce and was then backed up as confirmed true by a vision by self professed psychic Michael Scallion who claimed to have seen a vision of the blocks being levitated using electrostatic repulsion while he watched. this was of course after hed seen them cut from the aswan quarry using lasers and transported to the construction site on airships
so thats the credibility for that done with
their is another claim from south america for levitated blocks which comes from an account that says "the blocks were moved to the sound of whistling"
which certain pseudoscientists claim means they were moved by means of an audio transportation device
but it actually means that the workers whistled while they worked, something that even Walt Disney got right