Originally posted by WolfofWar
Heres what I have:
Map
No compass?!
You got's a map, but no compass....
Inform me or someone you trust(highly) of your address and I'll make sure you get a compass for christmas. Your going to need it with that map.
WolfofWar, do you need a quick course on map reading along with how the compass is used? Not trying to be a dick here, but your supplies are some what
flawed.
Hello everyone, todays lesson is going to be selecting a movement route useing map, orient a map useing a lensatic compass, convert azimuth.
ADVISOR Lesson #0-01
NAVIGATE
Select a movement route useing a map:
CONDITIONS
Given a 1:50,000 scale map and a compass.
STANDARDS
Select a route with the following characteristics:
1. Takes advantage of maximum cover and concealment.
2. Ensures observation, (always look around, pay attention to detail).
3. Allows positive control of all elements.(only matters if you are moveing with others=elemements).
4. Accomplishes the movement quickly without unnecessary or prolonged exposure. (see standard #1.)
TRAINING and EVALUATION
Training Info Outline
1. Select the route that makes the best use of terrain. You will spend more time moveing. Becuase encounters usually is at a time and place of
unknown, you must use a terrain route to your best advantage. Proper use of terrain has two advantages:
a. Cover and concealment to protect during the movement.
b. Maximum effectiveness of those traveling weapons/protection.
2. To properly use those advantages, you must understand the aspects of terrain and be able to apply them to any given situation, whether it be a
defense, a delay, or a road march.
a. the primary requirements for any type of movement is cover and concealment.
(1) Cover is any type of shielding from the effects of weapons fire, especially direct fire. You must take advantage of EVERY ravine or depression in
the ground to protect and cover your self/ves. You must evaluate the terrain, and what lays around it. Includeing the position of known and suspected
unknown people/locals. Visualize a cross section of the terrain and determine where "they" cannot interfere with your route.
(2) Concealment is anything that hides or disguises your movement. You must concider concealment from both air and ground observation. If you are in
vehicle, exhaust or dust can reveal your movement.
b. If you are moveing in an area where contact and observation is expected, you must ensure that your proposed route can be covered.
3 Select the route that provides the most favorable tactical adventage and meets the requirements. If speed of movement is is critical, the route
should be over the most easily negotiable terrain, avoiding difficult obsticles. The route should include movement from one easily distinguishable
terrain feature to another. When moveing you must check the terrain based on the above considerations and select the quickest and safest route.
4 Planning a route can be aided by use of special-
purpose maps and aerial photographs. If those aids are available, use them to ensure that you have the most current information.
ORIENT A MAP USEING A LENSATIC COMPASS
Conditions
A standard 1:50,000 scale map, a protractor/ruler, pencil, paper, and a compass in daylight.
STANDARDS
Orient the map to the ground useing a compass so that the north-seeking arrow of the compass is within 3 degrees og the angle shown in the
grid-magnetic(G-M) angle of the declination diagram(declination is difference between magnetic north and true north) shown on map.
TRAINING and EVALUATION
1. with the map level, place the compass parallel to the north-south grid line with the cover side of the compass pointing towards the top of the map.
This will place the black index line on the dial of the compass parallel to grid north. Since the needle on the compass points to magnetic north, we
have a declination from true north.
(see converting azmuth)
2. Rotate map and compass until the directions are true north. (again see converting azmuth)
3. If the magnetic north arrow on the map is to the left of the grid north, the compass reading will equal the
(G-M) angle (given the declination). If the magnetic north is to the right of the grid north, the compass reading will equal 360 degrees minus the G-M
angle.
(360 - grid magnetic angle=true north)
4. Remember to point the compass north arrow in the same direction as the magnetic north arrow, and the compass reading (equal to the G-M angle or the
360 degrees minus G-M angle) will be quite apparent.
NOTE: If the G-M angle is less than 3 degrees, do not line up the north arrow.
5. Some maps have built-in protractor consisting of a pivot point "P" on the south neat line of the map and several degrees of arc along the north
neat line of the map. The G-M line is obtained by connecting pivot point "P" with the appropreate value of the G-M angle (taken from the
declination) on the arc. The map may then be oriented by placeing the compass parallel to this line and rotateing the map and compass until the needle
point is aligned with the continuous line formed by the index line and the sighting wire. the map is then oriented.
6. An alternate method is to draw a magnetic north line on the map from any N-S and E-W grid line intersection useing the protractor/ruler. Align the
straight-edge of the compass along this magnetic north line and rotate the map and compass together until the north arrow falls beneath the fixed
black index line on the compass.
EVALUATION PREPARATION
Setup: Select an area that is free ofmagnetic interference(powerlines, vehicles). Use a scale map(topo-1:50,000) protractor/ruler, paper , and
compass.
Performance Measures: G-M angle must show declination, and not exeed 3 degrees.
CONVERT AZIMUTHS
Conditions
Given a standard 1:50,000 scale topographic, declination, pencil, magnetic azimuth(north direction), and grid azimuth(grid north) that must be
converted.
STANDARDS
Convert the given magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth and the grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth without error.
TRAINING and EVALUATION
1. The north-south lines on your map give grid north. The needle of your compass points to magnetic north. Grid north and magnetic north are usually
different by a few degrees. Neither one points straight to the NORTH POLE(called true north), but you do not need to know true north to keep from
getting lost in a given situation.
The difference in degrees for every map is shown on the bottom of the mapsheet. (May only pertain to military and or topo maps)
2. The difference between grid north and magnetic north is called the grid-magnetic (G-M) angle. The declination tells you how to change grid azimuths
to magnetic azimuths and magnetic azimuths to grid azimuths.
3. For example, you aim your compass at a distant point. The compass reading you get is 190 degrees(south x south-west), the magnetic azimuth. The
declination tells you that G-M angle is 9 degrees, and it also tells you that "to convert a magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth, add the G-M angle".
Therefore add 9 degrees to your compass reading. This gives you;
190 + 9 = 199. Your grid azimuth is 199 degrees.
4. The G-M angle depends on where you are in the world.
5. Convert azimuths when given an easternly G-M angle.
a. To convert a magnetic azimuth to a grid azimuth, add the value of the G-M angle to the magnetic azimuth.
b. To convert a grid azimuth to magnetic azimuth, subtract the G-M angle from the grid azimuth.
6. Convert azimuths when given a westernly G-M angle.
a. To convert a magnetic azimuth to grid azimuth, subtract the value of the G-M angle from the magnetic azimuth.
b.To convert a grid azimuth to a magnetic azimuth, add the value of the G-M angle to the grid azimuth.