The reason we haven't landed on mars, to be honset, is because we made a mistake 30 years ago.
At the end of the Apollo program, the political leadership was given two choices:
1:send a nuclear powered craft to Mars, or
2:build a space transit system that involved a shuttle and station component.
The second option was judged easier and less expensive, however..
..the problem was that it, essentially, could not develop core political support, due to its lack of vision. It wasn't until the late 90s that
construction on the station was started... nearly 20 years after the original plan intended. So... in theory, developing a STS+station system was
cheaper than a mars mission... But the fact that it lacked any real inspiration meant that it was never funded enough to really get going... so, in
the long run, the entire system we have now was probably more expensive tha what could have been built to go to mars in the apollo aftermath..
Now, as for the nuclear option:
This would have resulted in a mars mission in the early 80s. It would have used NERVA developed engines and as many components from Apollo as
possible. So, it must be stressed, that THE GROUNDWORK for a nuclear mars project was already done --- the NERVA engines had been DEVELOPED AND
TESTED. This was not pie in the sky scifi... but a working reality.
This is a good, easy to understand, site on NERVA:
www.aemann.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk...
pay attention to the engine test and design page. Also, note that in 1972, NERVA COMPONENTS WERE BETTER TESTED AND MORE DEVELOPED THAN ANYTHING WHICH
WOULD GO INTO THE SHUTTLE at that time.
Issues about human survivabilty would be meaningless with NERVA because the flight time would be sliced into fractions of that of a traditional rocket
powered craft. Essentially, by the early 80s, soviet astronauts in Salyut stations had stayed in space long enough to understand the long term
effects that Mars bound astronauts would experience...
..So, the bottom line is that the anti-nuclear, less adventurous side of NASA one... and we got a coastal barge instead of a long-range explorer. had
there been a Admiral Rickover type figure in NASA, we might be quite accustomed to mars flights today...
[Edited on 29-8-2003 by onlyinmydreams]
[Edited on 29-8-2003 by onlyinmydreams]