Neuroscientists don't think much of Elon Musk's claim that Neuralink can allow monkeys to operate computers using their brain signals.
Neuralink successfully implanted its chip into a monkey, Elon Musk enthusiastically stated in a 2019 presentation. He continued, "Just FYI, a monkey
has proven able to control a computer with its brain," which seemed to catch Neuralink president Max Hodak off guard. Hodak stated, "I didn't know we
were running that outcome today, but there it goes.
Two months before the video demonstration, in February 2021, Musk reaffirmed the assertion.
Speaking to Insider in 2019, neuroscientists remarked that while the assertion would catch readers' attention, they did not believe it to be
particularly surprising or even noteworthy.
"The monkey is not doing any internet searching. Most likely, the monkey is adjusting a cursor to move a little ball in an effort to align it with a
target "According to University of California assistant professor of neuroscience Andrew Hires.
It has been done in the past to implant neural-brain interfaces into animals so they can manipulate images on screens. This type of technology was
initially developed by academics in 2002, according to Professor Andrew Jackson of the University of Newcastle, who spoke to Insider in April 2021;
however, its roots may actually date back to the 1960s.
In February 2022, an animal rights organization complained to Neuralink about how it handled the monkeys it utilized for research.
The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, an organization that advocates for animal rights, announced in February 2022 that it had filed a
complaint with the US Department of Agriculture after obtaining more than 700 pages of records pertaining to monkeys used in Neuralink research at the
University of California at Davis between 2017 and 2020.
Through a public records request, the group was able to collect the data, which also included necropsy results and veterinary records. They claimed to
show that 23 monkeys had gone through "severe pain due to subpar animal care and the highly intrusive experimental head implants during the tests."
Neuroscientists are impressed with how seamlessly Neuralink has been able to integrate current technologies, despite the fact that none of the
technology it has so far demonstrated has been particularly ground-breaking.
"All of the technology he demonstrated has already been created in some capacity, [...] They essentially did nothing more than wrap it up into a cute
little form that transmits data wirelessly "Following the company's 2020 demonstration, Dr. Jason Shepherd, an associate professor of neuroscience at
the University of Utah, spoke with Insider.
Musk has actually copied and pasted a lot of work from other labs that have been working on this, the speaker claims. "If you just saw this
presentation, you would assume that it's coming out of nowhere, that Musk is creating this magic," he adds.
Two years later than expected, Neuralink intends to begin implanting its devices in people in 2022, according to Elon Musk.
On December 6, 2021, Musk stated that Neuralink aimed to begin human testing the following year, subject to Food and Drug Administration permission.
Musk was speaking at The Wall Street Journal CEO Council Summit.
On Twitter, he reiterated the assertion.
Next year, when devices are in humans, progress will quicken because it's difficult to have complex talks with monkeys, Musk tweeted.
Musk has previously established a deadline for introducing Neuralink's chips into people.
Musk stated that Neuralink might start testing on human participants in less than a year during an appearance on "The Joe Rogan Experience" podcast in
May 2020. In an interview, he stated the same thing.
By the end of 2020, Musk stated in 2019 that the business hoped to implant a chip into a human patient.
As any chip would have to stay in a human patient's brain for a lifetime, experts expressed doubt about this timeline at the time because safety
testing a neural interface device involves implanting it in an animal test subject (typically a primate) and leaving it there for a prolonged period
of time to test its longevity.
"You can't make that process go faster. To find out how long the electrodes last, you must simply wait. It's difficult to envision how you'll be able
to test this without having to wait a very long time if the goal is for these to last decades.
A chip in the brain may soon aid in the treatment of neurological conditions like Parkinson's.
Neuralink's improved neural interface technology may make it easier to diagnose and cure serious neurological diseases like Parkinson's and
Alzheimer's.
Another use, according to Professor Andrew Hires, could be giving patients the ability to mentally operate robotic prosthetics.
In a 2019 interview, Hires said, "The first application you can imagine is better mental control for a robotic arm for someone who's paralyzed." He
added that electrodes in a patient's brain may be able to replicate the sensation of touch, enabling the patient to exert finer motor control over a
prosthetic limb.
Elon Musk also claims that Neuralink's technology might ultimately be used to combine artificial intelligence with human consciousness, while
academics are dubious of this claim.
Musk frequently associates Neuralink with his concerns about artificial intelligence, despite the fact that the business has been praised for its
near-term uses. Musk has stated that he believes Neuralink's technology would enable humanity to "symbiose with artificial intelligence."
In 2019, Musk stated that Neuralink was "designed to solve the existential risk associated with digital superintelligence" in an interview with
"Artificial Intelligence" podcast presenter Lex Fridman.
Musk continued, "We won't be able to outsmart a digital supercomputer, so if you can't beat 'em, join 'em."
At least 15 of the 23 primates who received Neuralink brain implants from Elon Musk between 2017 and 2020 at the University of California Davis
apparently perished.
The news comes from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, an organization that defends animal rights, which viewed over 700 pages of
paperwork, veterinary records, and necropsy reports after making a public records request at the university, according to Business Insider and the New
York Post.
Elon Musk, the CEO of NEURALINK, is under fire for reportedly using deceased monkeys in studies prior to human clinical trials.
After the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine filed a complaint against Neuralink for abusing monkeys during its brain chip clinical trials,
the internet has turned on Elon Musk.
Since the complaint was made public on Thursday, hundreds have used social media to criticize Musk for conducting research that resulted in the deaths
of 15 monkeys due to trauma or euthanasia.
"Every Elon Musk article I've read has mentioned how one of his businesses was a complete failure. Tesla crashes and explosions, SpaceX explosions,
that idiotic tunnel, and now NeuraLink monkey deaths. He tweets, but he is not an innovator "On Twitter, one user commented.
To be continued