It's an interesting question which unfortunately no-one on Earth can truly answer definitively, but depending on your particular belief system, we can
throw in a few hypotheses.
If you happen to believe in an afterlife - then aborted babies don't represent the
only scenario where a human shuffles on from this mortal
coil without their consciousness or faculties fully intact. Think people with brain damage / brain dead, Alzheimers, severe dementia, disabilities,
etc. Particularly those who have suffered from ailments from a young age so have never fully developed speech, cognition or any kind of intellect. If
those followers want to believe that their loved ones are somehow miraculously restored back to full mental health in the next life and can see, hear,
understand & communicate, then it's not a stretch of the imagination to assume that aborted babies will be granted that same privilege.
It also depends on the particulars of your religion. The Christian notion is that we have a finite life on Earth, then an eternal life in either
Heaven/Hell. It doesn't explore in any great detail the notion that post-Earth, we may still be evolving and learning or living through other lives -
for example, via the Bhuddist idea of reincarnation. This may alter one's perspective as to whether an aborted child can enter the afterlife
fully-formed so to speak, or if they will have the potential to develop their consciousness and intellect over many lives even if this one was
painfully short.
Of course, you may not believe in an afterlife at all - in which case, we're all just meat - no different from cows and pigs and the millions of other
basic lifeforms on this planet - and this body simply turns to dust once it expires. So the notion of consciousness going anywhere is null and void.
Here in the UK, the law states that a baby can be aborted up until 23 weeks and 6 days into pregnancy. And many people (inc some on this thread)
believe that a foetus at that age has no consciousness. That may be true, but I believe it's one of life's great oversights that very few dwell on the
potential for that consciousness to thrive. I don't believe it suddenly switches on at the point of birth, like flicking a switch. Just like
our physical body, I believe that conscousness very slowly evolves and we see its manifestation in how a foetus can increasingly react to sound and
other stimulae as it develops.
I introduce this happy little chap below called Richard Scott William Hutchinson. Sure, he has a few health issues, but for the most part he's a happy
kid who enjoys crawling around and - clearly - birthday cake. He's also the most premature baby ever to have been born, at 21 weeks and 2 days. He was
given 0% chance of survival but somehow defied the odds. Babies older than that have been aborted because they were 'just' a foetus. What would their
potential have been?