The legend of the Piasa bird, or the Bird That Devours Men was first recorded in 1673. Father Jacques Marquette, who was a French Jesuit missionary
and an early explorer of the northern portion of the Mississippi River Valley saw a painting on a limestone bluff overlooking the Mississippi River
near Alton, Illinois while exploring the area. He recorded the following description:
“While skirting some rocks, which by their height and length inspired awe, we saw upon one of them two painted monsters which at first made us
afraid, and upon which the boldest savages dare not long rest their eyes. They are as large as a calf; they have horns on their heads like those of a
deer, a horrible look, red eyes, a beard like a tiger’s, a face somewhat like a man’s, a body covered with scales, and so long a tail that it
winds all around the body, passing above the head and going back between the legs, ending in a fish’s tail. Green, red and black are the three
colors composing the picture. Moreover, these two monsters are so well painted that we cannot believe that any savage is their author; for good
painters in France would find it difficult to reach that place conveniently to paint them. Here is approximately the shape of these monsters, as we
have faithfully copied it.”
The monster depicted in the mural was first referred to as the “Piasa Bird” in an article published c. 1836 by John Russell of Bluffdale,
Illinois. According to the story published by Russell, the creature depicted by the painting was a huge bird that lived in the cliffs. It was the
local legend that this creature would attack and devour people in the nearby Indian villages shortly after slain bodies of a minor war gave it a taste
for human flesh. The story goes on to say that a local Indian chief, named Chief Ouatoga, managed to slay the monster using a plan given to him in a
dream from the Great Spirit. The chief ordered 20 of his bravest warriors to hide near the entrance of the Piasa Bird’s cave. Ouatoga then acted as
bait to lure the creature out into the open. As the monster flew down toward the Indian chief, his warriors slew it with a volley of poisoned arrows.
Thus ending the reign of the bird that devoured men.
It’s possible that the mural was first painted before 1200 CE, at the height of Cahokia to the south. Cahokia was a city of 20,000 people of the
Mississippian culture, best known for their mound building. The icons they created are found on everything from carvings to pottery, and quite often
include Thunderbirds, bird men, gigantic snakes and other creatures. It’s thought that the painting at Alton was to identify this stretch of the
river as being under their control, a warning if you will.
The original location of the mural was at the end of a chain of limestone bluffs in Madison County, Illinois at present-day Alton, Illinois. The
original Piasa illustration no longer exists, but a newer 20th-century version, based partly on 19th-century sketches and lithographs, has been placed
on a bluff in Alton, Illinois, several hundred yards upstream from its origin. Because the quality of the limestone rock is unsuited for preserving
an image for very long, the painting must be regularly restored.
But was it ever thought to be a real creature, and could it exist today? Did giant birds once fly high over Alton and Cahokia? In the summer of
1977, a boy in Lawndale, Illinois, was reportedly snatched from the ground and carried thirty feet by a large bird, before the boy’s mother managed
to beat the bird into letting her boy go.