First of all, Jesus asked his followers to commemorate, not his resurrection, but his
death. The apostle Paul called this occasion “the
Lord’s Evening Meal.”—1 Corinthians 11:20; Luke 22:19, 20.
Additionally, many of the Easter traditions “have little to do” with Jesus’ resurrection, states
The Encyclopædia Britannica, “but
derive from folk customs.” For instance, regarding the popular Easter symbols the egg and the rabbit,
The Encyclopedia of Religion says:
“The egg symbolizes new life breaking through the apparent death (hardness) of the eggshell.” It adds: “The rabbit was known as an
extraordinarily fertile creature, and hence it symbolized the coming of spring.”
Philippe Walter, a professor of medieval literature, explains how such customs became part of the Easter celebration. He wrote that “in the process
of the Christianization of pagan religions,” it was easy to associate the pagan festival that celebrated “the passage from the death of winter to
the life of springtime” with Jesus’ resurrection. Walter adds that it was a key step in introducing “Christian commemorations” to the pagan
calendar, thus smoothing the way to mass conversion.
This process of “Christianization” did not occur while the apostles were still alive, because they acted as a “restraint” against paganism. (2
Thessalonians 2:7) The apostle Paul warned that after his “going away,” men would “rise and speak twisted things to draw away the disciples
after themselves.” (Acts 20:29, 30) And late in the first century, the apostle John wrote that some men were already misleading Christians. (1 John
2:18, 26) The way was open for the eventual
adoption of pagan customs.
During the Easter season bakeries display hot cross buns, and candy counters feature butter-cream eggs and chocolate rabbits. There are also Easter
music, Easter perfume, Easter jewelry, Easter clothing for men and women and Easter dinners. And not to be overlooked is the Easter parade, in which
hundreds of thousands parade on New York City’s Fifth Avenue alone, to be seen or just to see. In the United States the Easter festival may be said
to come to an end on Monday with the egg-rolling contest on the presidential White House lawn, which in times past was a decorous affair but of late
appears to have deteriorated into a boisterous egg-throwing affair.(1)
The ostensible purpose of Easter is to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. This being so, it may well be asked, What do hot
cross buns, eggs, rabbits, new clothes, and so forth, have to do with Easter? Little, except that both for long have been associated with the spring
of the year. As
An Encyclopedia of Religion, by Ferm, says: “Pagan practices were introduced into the Christian observance of Easter at an
early age on account of the fact that the feast coincided with the beginning of spring. . . . At that season of the year, the New Year and the
creation of the world were celebrated in ancient times by an exchange of gifts (Easter eggs) and by generous hospitality to friends, to the poor, and
so forth.”
YES, PAGAN ORIGINS
Did you know that the very name “Easter,” is of pagan origin? Says an early eighteenth-century Catholic scholar, a Benedictine monk, in a work
that may well be said to have been the forerunner of the modern Bible dictionary:
“
Easter is a word of Saxon origin; and imports a goddess of the Saxons, or rather, of the East,
Estera, in honor of whom sacrifices
being annually offered about the passover time of the year (spring), the name became attached by association of ideas to the Christian festival of the
resurrection which happened at the time of passover; hence we say
Easter-Day or
Easter Sunday, but very improperly; as we by no means
refer to the festival then kept to the goddess of the ancient Saxons.”(2)
To the same effect testify other authorities, from the eighth-century English historian Bede to the lastest encyclopedias.
Concerning the use of hot cross buns at Easter time we are told:
“Like the Greeks, the Romans ate bread marked with a cross . . . at public sacrifices, such bread being usually purchased at the doors of the temple
and then taken in with them—a custom alluded to by St. Paul in 1 Cor. x. 28. The cross-bread was eaten by pagan Saxons in honour of Easter, their
goddess of light. The Mexicans and Peruvians are shown to have had a similar custom. The custom, in fact, was practically universal, and the early
Church adroitly adopted the practice, grafting it on to the Eucharist and so giving us the hot crossbun.”(3)
What about the Easter eggs? It is a well-known fact that in the ancient pagan cosmogonies, or theories about the origin of the universe, the egg looms
up prominently. One tells of the “Egg of Light,” another of the “World-Egg.” From one or another of these eggs was supposed to have issued the
first god, the Maker and Ruler of the World. Eros, the god of “love,” is also said to have issued forth from an egg.(4)
True, some claim that the use of eggs at Easter is due to the fact that at one time eggs were banned during Lent, but this does not explain
the featuring of eggs on Easter ever since that ban was lifted and now when eggs can be eaten all during Lent. Neither does it explain why the same
prominence is not given to other foods that are still banned during Lent and that may be eaten only beginning with Easter. The eating of ham on Easter
does not prove the contrary, for it began to be featured in Easter dinners for an entirely different purpose. Says one authority: “Many American
Catholics have a boiled ham for dinner on Easter without being aware of the origin of the custom. It is a survival of the ancient habit among the
English of eating a gammon of bacon on that day to show their contempt for the Jewish custom of not eating pork.”(5)
The more pertinent explanation for eating eggs on Easter is that found in
The Catholic Encyclopedia: “The custom may have its origin in
paganism, for a great many pagan customs, celebrating the return of spring, gravitated to Easter. The egg is the emblem of the germinating life of
early spring.”(6)
Concerning the Easter bunny, this same religious authority states: “The
Easter Rabbit lays the eggs, for which reason they are hidden in a
nest or in the garden. The rabbit is a pagan symbol and has always been an emblem of fertility.”(6)
Even the early Easter sunrise service is not without pagan antecedents. “According to old superstition, the sun rising on Easter morning dances in
the heavens; this belief has been traced to old heathen festivals of spring, when the spectators danced in honor to the sun.”(7)
And the same must be said of the impressive ceremony that takes place throughout Christendom on the day before Easter in which new fire is blessed and
certain candles and lamps are lit. A detailed description of this ceremony includes the following: “The obtaining and blessing of the new fire is
probably a rite of Celtic or even pagan origin, incorporated in the Gallican* Church service of the eighth century.”(8) (*: The Roman Catholic
Church in France as distinguished from the church in Italy.)
[continued in next comment]
References:
1.
New York Times, April 24, 1962.
2.
Dictionary of the Bible—Calmet, p. 363.
3.
The Encyclopædia Britannica (1959 Edition), Vol. 4, p. 381.
4.
Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics—Hastings, Vol. 4, pp. 147, 148.
5.
The American Book of Days—Douglas, pp. 200-202.
6. Vol. 5, pp. 225-227.
7.
The Encyclopædia Britannica (1959 Edition), Vol. 7, p. 531.
8.
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 7, p. 438.