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Hydrogen strategy In an integrated energy system, hydrogen can support the decarbonisation of industry, transport, power generation and buildings across Europe. The EU Hydrogen Strategy addresses how to transform this potential into reality, through investments, regulation, market creation and research and innovation. Hydrogen can power sectors that are not suitable for electrification and provide storage to balance variable renewable energy flows, but this can only be achieved with coordinated action between the public and private sector, at EU level. The priority is to develop renewable hydrogen, produced using mainly wind and solar energy. However, in the short and medium term other forms of low-carbon hydrogen are needed to rapidly reduce emissions and support the development of a viable marke
Hydrogen cannot compete with traditional energy sources in terms of the cost now, whereas it will inevitably challenge them within 15-30 years, experts suggest. That is why Russia, as a potentially large player on that market, has to think about the development of required technologies to get into the changing energy landscape of its largest gas buyer. First attempts to use hydrogen as an energy source were made long ago. However, amid the intent of the European Union to slash carbon footprint to zero by 2050, hydrogen energy is experiencing another resurgence.
Hydrogen fuel is a zero-emission fuel burned with oxygen. It can be used in fuel cells or internal combustion engines. It has begun to be used in commercial fuel cell vehicles, such as passenger cars, and has been used in fuel cell buses for many years. It is also used as a fuel for spacecraft propulsion. As of 2018, the majority of hydrogen (∼95%) is produced from fossil fuels by steam reforming or partial oxidation of methane and coal gasification with only a small quantity by newer routes such as biomass gasification or electrolysis of water[1][2] or solar thermochemistry[3] a solar fuel, with no carbon emissions. Hydrogen is found in the first group and first period in the periodic table, i.e. it is the lightest and first element on the periodic table. Since the weight of hydrogen is less than air, it rises in the atmosphere and is therefore rarely found in its pure form, H2.[4] In a flame of pure hydrogen gas, burning in air, the hydrogen (H2) reacts with oxygen (O2) to form water (H2O) and releases energy. 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (g) + energy If carried out in atmospheric air instead of pure oxygen, as is usually the case, hydrogen combustion may yield small amounts of nitrogen oxides, along with the water vapor. The energy released enables hydrogen to act as a fuel. In an electrochemical cell, that energy can be used with relatively high efficiency. If it is used simply for heat, the usual thermodynamics limits on the thermal efficiency apply. Hydrogen is usually considered an energy carrier, like electricity, as it must be produced from a primary energy source such as solar energy, biomass, electricity (e.g. in the form of solar PV or via wind turbines), or hydrocarbons such as natural gas or coal.[5] Conventional hydrogen production using natural gas induces significant environmental impacts; as with the use of any hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide is emitted.[6] At the same time, the addition of 20% of hydrogen (an optimal share that does not affect gas pipes and appliances) to natural gas can reduce CO2 emissions caused by heating and cooking.[7]
Here's another good read:
Heavy-Du ty Hydrogen: Fuel Cell Trains And Trucks Power Up For The 2020sedit on 30-7-2020 by Waterglass because: added
originally posted by: network dude
But something that emits water as it's by product would be a nice clean way to travel. And since it's not a gas, it won't float up to the atmosphere and screw with it.
A cheaper, cleaner and more sustainable way of making hydrogen fuel from water using sunlight is step closer, thanks to new research.
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