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originally posted by: neutronflux
a reply to: Hulseyreport
The metal is not melted because the piece of structure held its shape through the corrosive attack.
The piece shows no signs of being physical deformed by heat. Only being altered by a chemical attack.
en.m.wikipedia.org...
The lowest temperature at which a plain carbon steel can begin to melt, its solidus, is 1,130 °C (2,070 °F). Steel never turns into a liquid below this temperature. Pure Iron ('Steel' with 0% Carbon) starts to melt at 1,492 °C (2,718 °F), and is completely liquid upon reaching 1,539 °C (2,802 °F). Steel with 2.1% Carbon by weight begins melting at 1,130 °C (2,070 °F), and is completely molten upon reaching 1,315 °C (2,399 °F). 'Steel' with more than 2.1% Carbon is no longer Steel, but is known as Cast iron.[15]
originally posted by: neutronflux
originally posted by: Hulseyreport
originally posted by: neutronflux
a reply to: Hulseyreport
You do know corrosion is not melting? Right? If the samples were “melted” why are they still holding the geometry of their manufactured shape. They show no signs of being deformed by heat.
Unless you mean “melting” the way water “melts” sugar candy?
Now
And your ignoring:
No. It’s truth movement mythology. There is no evidence the WTC Pile was hot enough to support liquid steel. There was no reported violent steam releases when the pile was being sprayed with water from water encountering liquid steel. There was no frozen pools of steel found during cleanup.
There is zero evidence of melted steel. Steel attacked by sulfur resulting in a compound with a lower melting point than steel, yes.
Can you read?
Then cite the report where it said the steel was melted.
You don’t know how to quote?
C.3 SummaryforSample1
1. The thinning of the steel occurred by a high-temperture corrosion due to a combination of oxidation and sulfidation.
2. Heating of the steel into a hot corrosive environment approaching 1,000 °C (1,800 °F) results in the formation of a eutectic mixture of iron, oxygen, and sulfur that liquefied the steel.
3. The sulfidation attack of steel grain boundaries accelerated the corrosion and erosion of the steel.
www.fema.gov...
You never did cite the melting point of structural steel?
originally posted by: Hulseyreport
originally posted by: neutronflux
a reply to: Hulseyreport
The metal is not melted because the piece of structure held its shape through the corrosive attack.
The piece shows no signs of being physical deformed by heat. Only being altered by a chemical attack.
There a crack hole in the steel, are you blind?
Where did the steel that melted go?
FEMA declares a liquid formed during the attack and was essentially a liquid of Iron and Sulphar. So melted steel mix is likely what people saw in the rubble. Liquid Iron melted is yellow/red in color.
originally posted by: neutronflux
originally posted by: Hulseyreport
originally posted by: neutronflux
a reply to: Hulseyreport
The metal is not melted because the piece of structure held its shape through the corrosive attack.
The piece shows no signs of being physical deformed by heat. Only being altered by a chemical attack.
There a crack hole in the steel, are you blind?
Where did the steel that melted go?
FEMA declares a liquid formed during the attack and was essentially a liquid of Iron and Sulphar. So melted steel mix is likely what people saw in the rubble. Liquid Iron melted is yellow/red in color.
The corrosion products had a lower melting point that the steel? So?
You keep claIming melted steel? Your citing a source that a chemical attack liquified the steel.
Quote the study where the steel melted. Sulfuric acid can “liquify” steel. Liquify by chemical attack is not the same as reaching the melting point of a material. Sorry.
originally posted by: neutronflux
a reply to: Hulseyreport
Your claiming melted steel.
Look at the pictures you posted.
A corrosion attack thinned the metal. That is not melting. Look at how thin the chemical attack made the steel in areas. Despite the thinning, that thin steel is maintaining the geometry that piece was formed into when it was manufactured. If the piece reached its melting point, the remaining thin metal would not have held its shape. The steel is wasted from chemical attack. The piece is not deformed be cause the steel reached its melting point. Huge difference.
en.m.wiktionary.org...
eutectic mixture (plural eutectic mixtures)
A mixture of substances having a melting point lower than that of any of its components; the composition at the eutectic point
Iron(II) sulfate
Melting point 680c
en.m.wikipedia.org...(II)_sulfate
If the controlling politicians could supposedly pull off 9/11? If 9/11 gave more power to the NWO? And if the NWO controls the printing and flow of money? Why would the NWO need money from 9/11? Now I am all confused. Would you care to clarify your mythology?
When it comes to the presence of a thermite / nanothermite based compound used in the controlled demolition of the WTC towers I firmly and clearly vote guilty.
An analysis of the DSC data in the Herrit-Jones paper
By pteridine
www.abovetopsecret.com...
Based on this figure, we may approximate the following theoretical and measured energies:
Not measured in this experiment:
HMX = 5.5 kJ/g
TNT = 4.5 kJ/g
TATB = 4.1kJ/g
Thermite = 3.9 kJ/g
Measured in this experiment:
Chip #1 = 1.5 kJ/g
Chip #2 = 2.5 kJ/g
Chip #3 = 7.5 kJ/g
Chip #4 = 5.9 kJ/g
The first thing we notice is the wide disparity of values for the “highly engineered” material. This should raise doubts as to sample collection and preparation and even if the materials are the same thing. By other analyses, they appear similar.
Now we note that two of the chips, #3 and #4 have far more energy than if they were 100% thermite. They also have more energy than any of the high explosives or any combination of thermite and any high explosive as a composite. Arithmetically, if we have a 50:50 mix of thermite and HMX we should have an energy of about 4.7 kJ/g -- below that of chips #3 and #4. How can this be?
To explain this, we must understand what is being measured and how. The explosives and thermite have, internal to them, their own oxidants. We include their oxygen in the weight we measured. If we measure heat from a burning hydrocarbon, for example, we DON’T include the weight of the oxygen in the air we use to burn it. Candle wax burning in air has about 10 times the energy/gram of thermite using this convention. What does this mean? It means that some, if not all, of the energy from the red chips is due to burning of the carbonaceous paint matrix in air.
Jones is vague about this problem and says on p27. “We suggest that the organic material in evidence in the red/gray chips is also highly energetic, most likely producing gas to provide explosive pressure.” What might that energetic material be? Jones has no clue. His team lacks the chemical knowledge to postulate a reasonable composition. It has no nitrogen, so it is not one of the explosives shown. It is energetic when burning in air. So is candle wax. Volatilized, it will produce gas but it does not seem to be otherwise energetic. How can this problem be resolved? What experiment must be done to show the possibility of thermite or some composite?
As I have stated above, thermite and explosives have their own oxidants built in. burning hydrocarbons do not. How can Jones discriminate between explosives, thermite and plain old burning paint?
He can re-run the DSC under an argon atmosphere. What a simple and elegant solution. Under argon, all the energy coming out will be from the thermite and its energetic additives. If there is no energy coming out, there is no thermite and all those contortions and obfuscations are for naught. Why wouldn’t Jones do this obvious experiment? Maybe he did and didn’t like the results.
By Oystein
The most basic debunking points are as followed:
They ignited 4 similar looking "chips" and measured the energy release per weight unit. The results ranged from 1.5 to 7.5 kiloJoules per gram, a wide spread that makes "high-tech nano-stuff" an unlikely explanation. More importantly, 2 of the sample released more than 4kJ/g of energy, which is the maximum energy thermite could possibly release due to the basic laws of this universe. This data alone disproves unequivocally that the material cannot possibly be the kind of thermite they claim to have found (aluminium + Fe2O3)
They claim to have found elemental Aluminium, one key ingredient to thermite, in a fifth chip. However, this fifth chip is of a different material than the four others, as is proven by their own data presented in figures 6 and 14. They did NOT dind free aluminium in any of the material that they igited and claimed to be or contain thermite
They compared the exothermic behaviour of their 4 ignition samples with that of real (nano-?) thermite found in literature, and claimed that the graphs are very similar. They are not: Compare figure 19 with figure 29 and note how the position of the peak differs significantly both on the X-axis (by more than 100°C) and the Y-axis (by a factor of 2 to 4.5). This result proves that their samples are not the kind of thermite known to science. (Note too how in figure 29 they only repeat the lowest of the 4 peaks from fig. 19 to make it not quite so apparent that their samples released waaay too much energy/power.)
Sunstealer has identified in insightful posts back in april 2009 that the crystaline structures we see in figures 8-10 resemble kaolinite (aluminiumsilicate) and hematite (iron oxide, Fe2O3). Their elemental composition as per the Harrit paper too points to kaolinite (Al, So Edit: Si, O) and hematite (Fe, O). Since Harrit found all of this embedded in an organic matrix, and since both kaolinite and hematite have been used throughout the ages and still used today as key ingredients to red paint, there can be no dount that the 4 red-grey chips from the ignition experiments is simply a red paint.
Sunstealer just the other day found that in a newer presentation, co-author Steven Jones showed XEDS spectra of primer paint they had scratched from original WTC structural steel. This spectrum resembles the spectrum in figure 14 nearly to a t! Hence, the fifth chip (which they soaked in MEK to find elemental Al) is thus proven to be primer paint from WTC steel
These are the main points where Harrit. Jones e.al. debunk themselves.
Much earned criticism also goes to the choice of Bentham as publishing house (zero impact in the scientific community, bad reputation for accepting even total junk as long as the pay-to-publish 800$ check clears. It has been establiched that not the journal and its editor-in-chief controlled the peer-review process, but instead the authors themselves were in control of their own "peer-review".
www.internationalskeptics.com...
Analysis of Red/Gray Chips in WTC Dust
Dr. James Millette
MVA Scientific Consultants
www.MVAinc.com
February 20-25 2012
American Academy of Forensic Science
www.AAFS.org
2012 Annual Meeting
Atlanta, Georgia
www.mvainc.com...
Conclusions
The red/gray chips found in the WTC dust at four sites in New York City are consistent with a carbon steel coated with an epoxy resin that contains primarily iron oxide and kaolin clay pigments.
There is no evidence of individual elemental aluminum particles of any size in the red/gray chips, therefore the red layer of the red/gray chips is not thermite or nano-thermite.
originally posted by: waypastvne
originally posted by: Hulseyreport
With it being a Nano AI+ Nano Si Iron Oxide with Carbon mixture-
That is exactly what we have been telling you. It's a paint chip.
If it has all the ingredients of a paint chip, then it is a paint chip.
Cripes. Have you been reading this thread?
2 of the sample released more than 4kJ/g of energy, which is the maximum energy thermite could possibly release due to the basic laws of this universe. This data alone disproves unequivocally that the material cannot possibly be the kind of thermite they claim to have found (aluminium + Fe2O3)
They claim to have found elemental Aluminium, one key ingredient to thermite, in a fifth chip. However, this fifth chip is of a different material than the four others, as is proven by their own data presented in figures 6 and 14. They did NOT dind free aluminium in any of the material that they igited and claimed to be or contain thermite
They compared the exothermic behaviour of their 4 ignition samples with that of real (nano-?) thermite found in literature, and claimed that the graphs are very similar. They are not: Compare figure 19 with figure 29 and note how the position of the peak differs significantly both on the X-axis (by more than 100°C) and the Y-axis (by a factor of 2 to 4.5). This result proves that their samples are not the kind of thermite known to science. (Note too how in figure 29 they only repeat the lowest of the 4 peaks from fig. 19 to make it not quite so apparent that their samples
www.internationalskeptics.com...
When it comes to the presence of another type of explosive to aid in this demolition I am open to it. I have not seen enough evidence yet to clearly identify exactly what kind it was, but until all the facts do come out it is well worth considering.
The use of a Barometric bomb does have some attributes that fit. A description about this type of device is made by Ted Gunderson in the following presentation around the 2:30:00 mark in relation to the Oklahoma City Bombing.