posted on May, 30 2019 @ 03:31 AM
a reply to:
strongfp
It is now speculated china will put tariffs on rare earth metals.
Only by those who don't understand what they're talking about.
China exports very, very few rare earth elements. They are not like steel or aluminum, which are used in great quantities as a building material. The
rare earth elements are used in the production of other things. Here is a list of the various elements we're talking about, their uses, and where they
come from:
- Cerium - polishing compounds (silicon wafers, optical surfaces) and welding apps.
Actually quite common.
- Dysprosium - hard drives, lasers, metal-halide lighting, electric derive trains, wind turbines, nuclear control rods, etc.
Limited quantities available from Australia, but the bulk comes from China.
- Erbium - Medical lasers, nuclear control rods, optical communincations, cryogenics
Major supplier: China. Minor supplier: Sweden. Originally found in Sweden.
- Europium - CRT screens (obsolete), potential for quantum data storage (experimental)
Found in China and California.
- Gadolinium - X-rays, nuclear shielding, bubble memory, metallurgy, potential for refrigeration (experimental).
Found in China, the US, Brazil, Sri Lanka, India, and Australia, potential reserves in the Congo.
- Holium - Nuclear regulation, high-efficiency electric motors, solid state lasers, high-density memory (experimental)
Found in China, the United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia.
- Lanthanum - Electric car batteries, welding, optical communication, metallurgy, medicine
Found in China, Sweden.
- Lutetium - Petroleum cracking, bubble memory, cancer therapy
Quite rare, found in China and Sweden.
- Neodymium - High-powered lasers, permanent magnets.
Found in China, the United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia.
- Praseodymium - permanent magnets, optics.
Found in China and California.
- Promethium - Research only; few commercial applications
Obtained through radioactive decay.
- Samarium - Permanent magnets, catalyst, cancer treatment, X-ray lasers.
Found in China, the United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka and Australia.
- Scandium - Mainly used for aluminum alloys for airplanes.
Mined in China, Russia, and Ukraine
- Terbium - solid state electronics doping, medical technology, metallurgy
Found in China, new deposits found in Japan.
- Thulium - portable X-rays, solid-state lasers.
Quite rare, found in China, with smaller amounts in Australia, Brazil, Greenland, India, Tanzania, and the United States.
- Ytterbium - Atomic clocks, metallurgy (stainles steel), laser doping.
Found in China, the United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Australia.
- Yttrium - LEDs, capacitors, lasers.
Found in Australia, Brazil, China, India, and the United States. New deposits recently found in Japan and on the moon.
If I buy a solar cell
from China, I am buying the result of China's use of rare earth elements, not the rare earth elements themselves. I cannot buy a huge quantity of
those rare earth elements directly from China; China restricts their sale outside of the country. That's why most electronics and high-tech toys are
made in China. The production is so much cheaper, in large part because the materials used are cheap inside China (and of course, the labor is cheaper
too, but we're not discussing Chinese labor practices).
So the very idea of China punishing anyone by placing tariffs on rare earth elements is absurd. China doesn't export rare earth elements. They export
the result of their rare earth elements.
Burdman30ott06 had a good point as well: Japan just last year found some serious deposits of some of the most used rare earth elements. That in itself
is a major blow to Chinese goals, since their entire economic goal is to become a superpower by restricting rare earth element availability as much as
possible, sort of like DeBoers did with diamonds. And we've helped them in the West. All that pollution everyone worries about in China? A huge amount
of it is due to their use of rare earths to manufacture our toys; all the rare earth elements are toxic! That could be one aspect that will give them
an edge; we're afraid to get our hands dirty. If Chinese products are not available, who is going to take on the polluter role so we can have our nice
electric cars, wind turbines, advanced medical treatments, lasers, and water treatment?
TheRedneck