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According to a BBC News account of the research, the scientists do their work within a concrete bunker with a 10-ton metal door, designed to protect Glasgow's residents from exposure. Inside, they use a powerful French-made laser-plasma accelerator to produce short — as in billionths of a second — bursts of energy that, as one scientist explained, are the equivalent of all the solar energy that reaches the UK.
The chapter explains the four major categories of DEWs: Microwave‐based DEWs, Laser‐based DEWs, Particle beam weapons (PBW) and Laser‐Induced Plasma Channel, LIPC weapons. There are two broad categories of particle beam weapons, namely the charged particle and neutral‐particle beam weapons. The particle accelerator is the source of high‐energy particle beam and is therefore the heart of the particle beam weapon system.
originally posted by: Phage
a reply to: Asktheanimals
The circles don't mean what the OP thinks they mean.
originally posted by: Phage
a reply to: Asktheanimals
Enjoy:
neutronm.bartol.udel.edu...
originally posted by: Phage
a reply to: Asktheanimals
The circles don't mean what the OP thinks they mean.
originally posted by: Phage
Those are not "events". I guess you missed this:
www.abovetopsecret.com...
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Version 1.2 of the Cosmic Ray App now has the ability to sends events to the Cosmic Ray Observer server! Take part in a real physics experiment. Events are shown in real time on the cosmicrayobserver.com global server.
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The 2010–2014.3 global earthquake rate increase
Tom Parsons 1 and Eric L. Geist 1
1 U. S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA
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1. Introduction
Obvious increases in the global rate of large (M ≥ 7.0) earthquakes happened after 1992, 2010, and especially during the first quarter of 2014 (Table 1 and Figure 1). Given these high rates, along with suggestions that damaging earthquakes may be causatively linked at global distance [e.g., Gomberg and Bodin, 1994; Pollitz et al., 1998; Tzanis and Makropoulos, 2002; Bufe and Perkins, 2005; Gonzalez-Huizar et al., 2012; Pollitz et al., 2012, 2014], we investigate whether there is a significant departure from a random process underlying these rate changes. Recent studies have demonstrated that M ≥ 7.0 earthquakes (and also tsunamis) that occurred since 1900 follow a Poisson process [e.g., Michael, 2011; Geist and Parsons, 2011; Daub et al., 2012; Shearer and Stark, 2012; Parsons and Geist, 2012; Ben-Naim et al., 2013]. Here we focus on the period since 2010, which has M ≥ 7.0 rates increased by 65% and M ≥ 5.0 rates up 32% compared with the 1979 – present average. The first quarter of 2014 experienced more than double the average M ≥ 7.0 rate, enough to intrigue the news media [e.g., www.nbcnews.com...]. We extend our analysis to M ≥ 5.0 levels, as many of these lower magnitude events convey significant hazard, and global catalogs have not generally been tested down to these thresholds.
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You know that I've pointed out several times that solar activity has been declining, right? Do you think there's a relationship?
As you can see even during the last 3 solar maximums the amount of cosmic rays reaching us has been increasing.
originally posted by: Phage
a reply to: ElectricUniverse
You know that I've pointed out several times that solar activity has been declining, right? Do you think there's a relationship?
As you can see even during the last 3 solar maximums the amount of cosmic rays reaching us has been increasing.
Declining solar activity linked to recent warming
The Sun may have caused as much warming as carbon dioxide over three years.
Quirin Schiermeier
An analysis of satellite data challenges the intuitive idea that decreasing solar activity cools Earth, and vice versa. In fact, solar forcing of Earth's surface climate seems to work the opposite way around — at least during the current Sun cycle.
Joanna Haigh, an atmospheric physicist at Imperial College London, and her colleagues analysed daily measurements of the spectral composition of sunlight made between 2004 and 2007 by NASA's Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite. They found that the amount of visible light reaching Earth increased as the Sun's activity declined — warming the Earth's surface. Their unexpected findings are published today in Nature1.
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Haigh's team compared SORCE's solar spectrum data with wavelengths predicted by a standard empirical model based mainly on sunspot numbers and area, and noticed unexpected differences. The amount of ultraviolet radiation in the spectrum was four to six times smaller than that predicted by the empirical model, but an increase in radiation in the visible wavelength, which warms the Earth's surface, compensated for the decrease.
Contrary to expectations, the net amount of solar energy reaching Earth's troposphere — the lowest part of the atmosphere — seems to have been larger in 2007 than in 2004, despite the decline in solar activity over that period.
...
"We're seeing — albeit limited to a very short period — a very interesting change in solar irradiation with remarkably similar changes in ozone," says Haigh. "It might be a coincidence, and it does require verification, but our findings could be too important to not publish them now."
Sun surprise
The full implications of the discovery are unclear. Haigh says that the current solar cycle could be different from previous cycles, for unknown reasons. But it is also possible that the effects of solar variability on atmospheric temperatures and ozone are substantially different from what has previously been assumed.
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No, what you have claimed is that Solar activity hasn't been increasing since 1980s,
Yes, that is when the northern hemisphere was leaving the Little Ice Age. It matches fairly well with the data from temperature proxies, which also show how much warming has accelerated since the industrial age began.
The following picture shows global borehole temperatures which shows the warming Earth has been experiencing began in the early 1600s
Has that slight "trend" continued? Not for the 2008 solar minimum.
during the 25 years, 1978-2002, that Wilson did the study.
It doesn't say the Sun has been "acting strangely." It says that data which hadn't been available provided new information about how the Sun behaves. How can they know it's "acting strangely" based on three years of data?
However, it is true that even our own Sun has been acting strangely, including during 2007 when even though the overall activity of our sun was decreasing, the visible light we were receiving from the Sun had increased and was causing more warming than in 2004.
But testing the accuracy of Haigh's provisional findings will require at least a full 11-year solar cycle of high-quality spectral observations.
"If the climate were affected in the long term, the Sun should have produced a notable cooling in the first half of the twentieth century, which we know it didn't," she says.
"All the evidence is that the vast majority of warming is anthropogenic," agrees Lockwood. "It might be that the solar part isn't quite working the way we thought it would, but it is certainly not a seismic rupture of the science."
The recalibrated SORCE SOLSTICE version 12 irradiances result in a much smaller mesospheric ozone response than that of version 10, and this smaller mesospheric ozone response is similar in magnitude to that of SATIRE-S. This shows that current knowledge of variations in spectral irradiance is not sufficient to warrant robust conclusions concerning the impact of solar variability on the atmosphere and climate.