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www.cdc.gov...
www.cdc.gov...
originally posted by: Aeshma
a reply to: ElectricUniverse
I thought the concern was mercury....
Another reason rodents are used as models in medical testing is that their genetic, biological and behavior characteristics closely resemble those of humans, and many symptoms of human conditions can be replicated in mice and rats. "Rats and mice are mammals that share many processes with humans and are appropriate for use to answer many research questions," said Jenny Haliski, a representative for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare.
originally posted by: Phage
This experiment was not a test of a new medicine. Those protocols are quite different
Which animals are suitable analogs for human neurobiology? And what reason is there to believe that, even if there were inflammation of mouse brains, it has anything to do with autism?
Another paper by the same crew. Oops.
www.skepticalraptor.com...
Front Cell Neurosci. 2015; 9: 519.
Published online 2016 Jan 19. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00519
PMCID: PMC4717322
Relevance of Neuroinflammation and Encephalitis in Autism
Janet K. Kern,1,* David A. Geier,1 Lisa K. Sykes,2 and Mark R. Geier1
1Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA
2CoMeD, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA
Edited by: Antonio Gambardella, Magna Græcia University, Italy
Reviewed by: Adelaide Fernandes, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Tatsuro Mutoh, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
*Correspondence: Janet K. Kern,
Abstract
In recent years, many studies indicate that children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis have brain pathology suggestive of ongoing neuroinflammation or encephalitis in different regions of their brains. Evidence of neuroinflammation or encephalitis in ASD includes: microglial and astrocytic activation, a unique and elevated proinflammatory profile of cytokines, and aberrant expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. A conservative estimate based on the research suggests that at least 69% of individuals with an ASD diagnosis have microglial activation or neuroinflammation. Encephalitis, which is defined as inflammation of the brain, is medical diagnosis code G04.90 in the International Classification of Disease, 10th revision; however, children with an ASD diagnosis are not generally assessed for a possible medical diagnosis of encephalitis. This is unfortunate because if a child with ASD has neuroinflammation, then treating the underlying brain inflammation could lead to improved outcomes. The purpose of this review of the literature is to examine the evidence of neuroinflammation/encephalitis in those with an ASD diagnosis and to address how a medical diagnosis of encephalitis, when appropriate, could benefit these children by driving more immediate and targeted treatments.
Keywords: neuroinflammation, encephalitis, autism spectrum disorder, microglia, astrocytic activation, cytokines, regression
...
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
originally posted by: Phage
This experiment was not a test of a new medicine. Those protocols are quite different
Which animals are suitable analogs for human neurobiology? And what reason is there to believe that, even if there were inflammation of mouse brains, it has anything to do with autism?
Another paper by the same crew. Oops.
www.skepticalraptor.com...
BTW, Phage, in case you didn't know studies done on primates, monkeys, also show that aluminum adjuvants, and other additives used in vaccines such as thimerosal do cause neurological problems. Such studies have been posted before in these forums.
As for your question of what does brain inflammation have to do with autism?...
Here is a non-blogger research paper about the link, there are many others Phage...
Front Cell Neurosci. 2015; 9: 519.
Published online 2016 Jan 19. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00519
PMCID: PMC4717322
Relevance of Neuroinflammation and Encephalitis in Autism
Janet K. Kern,1,* David A. Geier,1 Lisa K. Sykes,2 and Mark R. Geier1
1Institute of Chronic Illnesses, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA
2CoMeD, Inc., Silver Spring, MD, USA
Edited by: Antonio Gambardella, Magna Græcia University, Italy
Reviewed by: Adelaide Fernandes, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Tatsuro Mutoh, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
*Correspondence: Janet K. Kern,
Abstract
In recent years, many studies indicate that children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis have brain pathology suggestive of ongoing neuroinflammation or encephalitis in different regions of their brains. Evidence of neuroinflammation or encephalitis in ASD includes: microglial and astrocytic activation, a unique and elevated proinflammatory profile of cytokines, and aberrant expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. A conservative estimate based on the research suggests that at least 69% of individuals with an ASD diagnosis have microglial activation or neuroinflammation. Encephalitis, which is defined as inflammation of the brain, is medical diagnosis code G04.90 in the International Classification of Disease, 10th revision; however, children with an ASD diagnosis are not generally assessed for a possible medical diagnosis of encephalitis. This is unfortunate because if a child with ASD has neuroinflammation, then treating the underlying brain inflammation could lead to improved outcomes. The purpose of this review of the literature is to examine the evidence of neuroinflammation/encephalitis in those with an ASD diagnosis and to address how a medical diagnosis of encephalitis, when appropriate, could benefit these children by driving more immediate and targeted treatments.
Keywords: neuroinflammation, encephalitis, autism spectrum disorder, microglia, astrocytic activation, cytokines, regression
...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov...
abcnews.go.com...
originally posted by: Aeshma
a reply to: ElectricUniverse
I thought the concern was mercury....
Masahiro Kawahara1,* and Midori Kato-Negishi2
1Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, 1714-1 Yoshino-cho, Nobeoka-shi, Miyazaki 882-8508, Japan
2Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
*Masahiro Kawahara: pj.ca.xineohp@asamawak
Academic Editor: Paolo Zatta
Abstract
Whilst being environmentally abundant, aluminum is not essential for life. On the contrary, aluminum is a widely recognized neurotoxin that inhibits more than 200 biologically important functions and causes various adverse effects in plants, animals, and humans. The relationship between aluminum exposure and neurodegenerative diseases, including dialysis encephalopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism dementia in the Kii Peninsula and Guam, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested. In particular, the link between aluminum and Alzheimer's disease has been the subject of scientific debate for several decades. However, the complex characteristics of aluminum bioavailability make it difficult to evaluate its toxicity and therefore, the relationship remains to be established. Mounting evidence has suggested that significance of oligomerization of β-amyloid protein and neurotoxicity in the molecular mechanism of AD pathogenesis. Aluminum may play crucial roles as a cross-linker in β-amyloid oligomerization. Here, we review the detailed characteristics of aluminum neurotoxicity based on our own studies and the recent literatures. Our aim is to revisit the link between aluminum and AD and to integrate aluminum and amyloid cascade hypotheses in the context of β-amyloid oligomerization and the interactions with other metals.
...
Emergent human pathogen simian virus 40 and its role in cancer.
Vilchez RA1, Butel JS.
Author information
1
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Mail Stop BCM-385, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Abstract
The polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) is a known oncogenic DNA virus which induces primary brain and bone cancers, malignant mesothelioma, and lymphomas in laboratory animals. Persuasive evidence now indicates that SV40 is causing infections in humans today and represents an emerging pathogen. A meta-analysis of molecular, pathological, and clinical data from 1,793 cancer patients indicates that there is a significant excess risk of SV40 associated with human primary brain cancers, primary bone cancers, malignant mesothelioma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Experimental data strongly suggest that SV40 may be functionally important in the development of some of those human malignancies. Therefore, the major types of tumors induced by SV40 in laboratory animals are the same as those human malignancies found to contain SV40 markers. The Institute of Medicine recently concluded that "the biological evidence is of moderate strength that SV40 exposure could lead to cancer in humans under natural conditions." This review analyzes the accumulating data that indicate that SV40 is a pathogen which has a possible etiologic role in human malignancies. Future research directions are considered.
...
Vaccines linked to mental disorders by Yale study
Kevin Wang Feb 21, 2017
Staff Reporter
A recent Yale study has called into question the safety of vaccines and could lend fuel to anti-vaccine advocates like Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who has already written a piece covering the study on the news site EcoWatch.
The study, published last month in the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry, reports that patients diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa were more likely to have received vaccinations three months prior to their diagnoses. Though the collaboration between researchers at Pennsylvania State University and the Yale Child Study Center yielded results that seem to dispute the safety of vaccines, the authors asserted that the study needs replication on a larger scale and does not establish a causal relationship between vaccines and neuropsychiatric disorders.
...
Abstract
Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunological adjuvant of vaccines. Concerns linked to the use of alum particles emerged following recognition of their causative role in the so-called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) lesion detected in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue/syndrome. MMF revealed an unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence of alum within immune cells in presumably susceptible individuals, stressing the previous fundamental misconception of its biodisposition. We previously showed that poorly biodegradable aluminum-coated particles injected into muscle are promptly phagocytosed in muscle and the draining lymph nodes, and can disseminate within phagocytic cells throughout the body and slowly accumulate in brain. This strongly suggests that long-term adjuvant biopersistence within phagocytic cells is a prerequisite for slow brain translocation and delayed neurotoxicity. The understanding of basic mechanisms of particle biopersistence and brain translocation represents a major health challenge, since it could help to define susceptibility factors to develop chronic neurotoxic damage. Biopersistence of alum may be linked to its lysosome-destabilizing effect, which is likely due to direct crystal-induced rupture of phagolysosomal membranes. Macrophages that continuously perceive foreign particles in their cytosol will likely reiterate, with variable interindividual efficiency, a dedicated form of autophagy (xenophagy) until they dispose of alien materials. Successful compartmentalization of particles within double membrane autophagosomes and subsequent fusion with repaired and re-acidified lysosomes will expose alum to lysosomal acidic pH, the sole factor that can solubilize alum particles. Brain translocation of alum particles is linked to a Trojan horse mechanism previously described for infectious particles (HIV, HCV), that obeys to CCL2, signaling the major inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant.
...
originally posted by: ElectricUniverse
a reply to: MuonToGluon
So, you are telling us that you know more than scientists who have participated in the hundreds of research in which rats, and other animals were used to find any adverse effects that certain substances can have on humans?...
BTW, do any of you geniuses know why vaccines have animal derived materials if according to your "expert opinion" there is "not even a close analogue between human and animal make up"?...
It's not as if there are animal diseases that can be transferred to humans and would even affect the human brain right?...riiight?...
I mean rabies is just a "made up illness that affects humans as well as animal brains", right?... Some geniuses in these forums seem to think that they will be completely immune if an animal with rabies bites them. After all, the human brain and animal brains are not even close to being similar so rabies cannot be passed onto humans and affect us or so would some members claim...
Or how about...
Emergent human pathogen simian virus 40 and its role in cancer.
Vilchez RA1, Butel JS.
Author information
1
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Mail Stop BCM-385, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Abstract
The polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40) is a known oncogenic DNA virus which induces primary brain and bone cancers, malignant mesothelioma, and lymphomas in laboratory animals. Persuasive evidence now indicates that SV40 is causing infections in humans today and represents an emerging pathogen. A meta-analysis of molecular, pathological, and clinical data from 1,793 cancer patients indicates that there is a significant excess risk of SV40 associated with human primary brain cancers, primary bone cancers, malignant mesothelioma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Experimental data strongly suggest that SV40 may be functionally important in the development of some of those human malignancies. Therefore, the major types of tumors induced by SV40 in laboratory animals are the same as those human malignancies found to contain SV40 markers. The Institute of Medicine recently concluded that "the biological evidence is of moderate strength that SV40 exposure could lead to cancer in humans under natural conditions." This review analyzes the accumulating data that indicate that SV40 is a pathogen which has a possible etiologic role in human malignancies. Future research directions are considered.
...
Emergent human pathogen simian virus 40 and its role in cancer.
Heck, here is a recent article from Yale on whether or not 'vaccines are safe"...
Vaccines linked to mental disorders by Yale study
Kevin Wang Feb 21, 2017
Staff Reporter
A recent Yale study has called into question the safety of vaccines and could lend fuel to anti-vaccine advocates like Robert F. Kennedy Jr., who has already written a piece covering the study on the news site EcoWatch.
The study, published last month in the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry, reports that patients diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorder and anorexia nervosa were more likely to have received vaccinations three months prior to their diagnoses. Though the collaboration between researchers at Pennsylvania State University and the Yale Child Study Center yielded results that seem to dispute the safety of vaccines, the authors asserted that the study needs replication on a larger scale and does not establish a causal relationship between vaccines and neuropsychiatric disorders.
...
yaledailynews.com...
Anyway...there are plenty of studies done on primates, and even on children and adults which show the same results...
Take your pick.
Abstract
Aluminum oxyhydroxide (alum) is a crystalline compound widely used as an immunological adjuvant of vaccines. Concerns linked to the use of alum particles emerged following recognition of their causative role in the so-called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) lesion detected in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue/syndrome. MMF revealed an unexpectedly long-lasting biopersistence of alum within immune cells in presumably susceptible individuals, stressing the previous fundamental misconception of its biodisposition. We previously showed that poorly biodegradable aluminum-coated particles injected into muscle are promptly phagocytosed in muscle and the draining lymph nodes, and can disseminate within phagocytic cells throughout the body and slowly accumulate in brain. This strongly suggests that long-term adjuvant biopersistence within phagocytic cells is a prerequisite for slow brain translocation and delayed neurotoxicity. The understanding of basic mechanisms of particle biopersistence and brain translocation represents a major health challenge, since it could help to define susceptibility factors to develop chronic neurotoxic damage. Biopersistence of alum may be linked to its lysosome-destabilizing effect, which is likely due to direct crystal-induced rupture of phagolysosomal membranes. Macrophages that continuously perceive foreign particles in their cytosol will likely reiterate, with variable interindividual efficiency, a dedicated form of autophagy (xenophagy) until they dispose of alien materials. Successful compartmentalization of particles within double membrane autophagosomes and subsequent fusion with repaired and re-acidified lysosomes will expose alum to lysosomal acidic pH, the sole factor that can solubilize alum particles. Brain translocation of alum particles is linked to a Trojan horse mechanism previously described for infectious particles (HIV, HCV), that obeys to CCL2, signaling the major inflammatory monocyte chemoattractant.
...
Biopersistence and Brain Translocation of Aluminum Adjuvants of Vaccines
Mechanisms of aluminum adjuvant toxicity and autoimmunity in pediatric populations
Unequivocal identification of intracellular aluminium adjuvant in a monocytic THP-1 cell line
Are there negative CNS impacts of aluminum adjuvants used in vaccines and immunotherapy?