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Color
Color of the mineral. This is not mineral specific. For example quartz can be almost any color, shape and within many rock types.
Streak
Main article: Streak (mineralogy)
Color of the mineral's powder. This can be found by rubbing the mineral onto a concrete. This is more accurate but not always mineral specific.
Luster
Main article: Luster (mineralogy)
This is the way light reflects from the mineral's surface. A mineral can be metallic (shiny) or non-metallic (not shiny).
Transparency
Main article: Transparency and translucency
The way light travels through minerals. The mineral can be transparent (clear), translucent (cloudy) or opaque (none).
Specific gravity
Main article: Specific gravity
Ratio between the weight of the mineral relative to an equal volume of water.
Mineral habitat
Main article: Crystal habit
The shape of the crystal and habitat.
Magnetism
Main article: Magnetism
Magnetic or nonmagnetic. Can be tested by using a magnet or a compass. This does not apply to all ion minerals (for example, pyrite).
Cleavage
Main article: Cleavage (crystal)
Number, behaviour, size and way cracks fracture in the mineral.