It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
Thank you.
Some features of ATS will be disabled while you continue to use an ad-blocker.
originally posted by: OneBigMonkeyToo
Where is your explanation for the marker layer of bomb-related fission products in the soil?
www.telegraph.co.uk...
originally posted by: OneBigMonkeyToo
a reply to: turbonium1
You seem to have given yourself the impression that your word salad answered my questions.
It does not.
I did not ask you about firebombing, I did not ask you about how napalm works. You do not explain where all the planes and bombs were for Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Try again:
Where is your explanation for the marker layer of bomb-related fission products in the soil?
www.telegraph.co.uk...
The affinity of bomb-derived fallout 137Cs and naturally-occurring fallout 210Pb for soil and sediment particles make them valuable sediment tracers, and they have been used in a wide range of environmental investigations. A knowledge of their behaviour and distribution in soils is vital for understanding their movement within the environment and therefore for interpreting the information that they provide as sediment tracers. The study reported in this paper combines both empirical evidence and theoretical reasoning to develop an improved understanding of the distribution of fallout 137Cs and 210Pb in undisturbed and cultivated soils. Results from field experiments suggest that the initial distribution of these radionuclides in topsoils is approximately exponential. The primary factors influencing the post-depositional redistribution of these radionuclides in stable undisturbed soils have been represented as effective diffusion and convection processes, and a one-dimensional transport model has been employed to describe temporal changes in their vertical distribution in the soil profile. Cultivation and soil erosion are the dominant processes controlling their vertical distribution in cultivated soils. The information obtained is essential for exploiting fully the potential for using these fallout radionuclides as tracers in studying soil erosion, sediment delivery and sediment deposition, and associated sediment budgets.
Radioactive fallout 137CS (cesium-137) deposited across the landscape from atmospheric nuclear tests is strongly absorbed on soil particles limiting its movement by chemical and biological processes. Most 137CS movement in the environment is by physical processes; therefore, 137CS is a unique tracer for studying erosion and sedimentation.
137Cs (E 0.662 MeV, t, 30.1 years) is a major component in the fallout from atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons; since 1954 it has been globally detectable. This isotope is strongly adsorbed on fine particles, particularly clay minerals, silts and humic materials (Lomenick and Tamura, 1965; Rogowski and Tamura, 1965; Ritchie and McHenry, 1975; Baltakemens and Gregory, 1977). Indeed, in some arid watersheds in the USA, 90 per cent of the variation in the 137Cs content of surface soils per unit area was predicted in terms of intensity of fallout, percentages of clay and silt, and cation exchange capacity (McHenry and Ritchie, 1977b). It follows that all surface soils with an adsorptive capacity will have a 137Cs content and therefore be able to act as self-tracers.
The artificial radionuclide137Cs (with half life of30.05 ±0.08 years) is derived from atmospheric nucleartests, accidents in nuclear plants and authorized dischargeof radioactive wastes into the marine environment.137Csfallout shows: (a) an old peak, which is attributed to theincidence of nuclear weapons tests, carried out during the1950 s and 1960 s and resulting in a maximum fallout in1963 (UNSCEAR 1982; He and Walling 1996; Carter andMoghissi 1997) and (b) a new peak, which corresponds tothe Chernobyl accident, in 1986.
Fallout 137Cs is an artificial radionuclide with a half life of ca. 30.2 years, most of which was produced as a result of above-ground thermonuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s. Radiocaesium was ejected into the stratosphere where it circulated globally. Deposition on the land surface was first recorded in the early 1950s and was primarily associated with precipitation. Fallout was greater in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere, because more atmospheric testing took place in the former, and was greatest in lower latitudes. Within latitudinal bands there is often a good relationship between the amount of 137Cs fallout and precipitation. The temporal pattern of fallout is well documented in many regions of the world (Fig. 1), such that after a peak in fallout in 1963, levels have declined and, apart from the Chernobyl accident in 1986, negligible amounts of fallout have been recorded since the mid-1980s. In most environments, fallout 137Cs reaching the land surface was rapidly and tightly sorbed to the fine fraction of surficial soils and sediments.
137Cesium is a radionuclide (half-life = 30.17 years) whose environmental presence is solely from nuclear fission, which occurred mainly as a result of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing (Krishnaswamy et al., 1971; Ritchie and McHenry, 1990). 137Cs atmospheric fallout first began in 1952 ± 2 years (Robbins, 1978), with measurable global fallout occurring in 1954 (Ritchie and McHenry, 1990). The first fallout peak was recorded in 1959 and the second, in most geographic areas, was in 1963 (Hardy, 1971; Ritchie et al., 1973). A third peak from the 1986 Chernobyl accident occurred in Europe, particularly Scandinavia and the Baltic region, but is largely absent from North America (Wang et al., 2017). The two peak global fallout years, 1959 and 1963, were first used in the early 1970s as single-event chronomarkers to determine recent sedimentation rates in reservoirs, lakes, and marine sediments (Krishnaswamy et al., 1971; Hardy, 1971; Robbins and Edgington, 1972; Simpson et al., 1976; Ritchie and McHenry, 1990).
Above-ground nuclear testing between 1945 and 1%3 introduced into the atmosphere the nonnatural radioactive 137Cs isotope (Grootes, 1983) and added to the natural production of the radioactive 14C isotope (Nydal, 1963). When incorporated into alluvial deposits, these post-bomb isotopes form a time-stratigraphic marker.
or do you not believe the people who were actually there?
originally posted by: OneBigMonkeyToo
All you are doing by constantly referring to the Tokyo firebombing is ignoring the fact that it took a large number of planes, a lot of bombs, and a lot of pilots and crew to achieve. Where are the accounts of those planes, personnel and materiel for Nagasaki and Hiroshima? Address that.
originally posted by: OneBigMonkeyToo
a reply to: turbonium1
The article, as you cna plainly see, concerns another issue I brought up relating to the eyewitnesses you deny exist.
I have already posted links to the 137-Cs marker layer, you ignored them then, you will ignore them again. Why should I bother? I will, ust because you're too lazy and too cowardly to go back through the thread. Here's a good one, Ive met one of the authors:
www.sciencedirect.com...
The affinity of bomb-derived fallout 137Cs and naturally-occurring fallout 210Pb for soil and sediment particles make them valuable sediment tracers, and they have been used in a wide range of environmental investigations. A knowledge of their behaviour and distribution in soils is vital for understanding their movement within the environment and therefore for interpreting the information that they provide as sediment tracers. The study reported in this paper combines both empirical evidence and theoretical reasoning to develop an improved understanding of the distribution of fallout 137Cs and 210Pb in undisturbed and cultivated soils. Results from field experiments suggest that the initial distribution of these radionuclides in topsoils is approximately exponential. The primary factors influencing the post-depositional redistribution of these radionuclides in stable undisturbed soils have been represented as effective diffusion and convection processes, and a one-dimensional transport model has been employed to describe temporal changes in their vertical distribution in the soil profile. Cultivation and soil erosion are the dominant processes controlling their vertical distribution in cultivated soils. The information obtained is essential for exploiting fully the potential for using these fallout radionuclides as tracers in studying soil erosion, sediment delivery and sediment deposition, and associated sediment budgets.
Have another:
pubag.nal.usda.gov...
Radioactive fallout 137CS (cesium-137) deposited across the landscape from atmospheric nuclear tests is strongly absorbed on soil particles limiting its movement by chemical and biological processes. Most 137CS movement in the environment is by physical processes; therefore, 137CS is a unique tracer for studying erosion and sedimentation.
Whole bunch of articles in here:
pdfs.semanticscholar.org...
But here's just one quote from the first one:
137Cs (E 0.662 MeV, t, 30.1 years) is a major component in the fallout from atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons; since 1954 it has been globally detectable. This isotope is strongly adsorbed on fine particles, particularly clay minerals, silts and humic materials (Lomenick and Tamura, 1965; Rogowski and Tamura, 1965; Ritchie and McHenry, 1975; Baltakemens and Gregory, 1977). Indeed, in some arid watersheds in the USA, 90 per cent of the variation in the 137Cs content of surface soils per unit area was predicted in terms of intensity of fallout, percentages of clay and silt, and cation exchange capacity (McHenry and Ritchie, 1977b). It follows that all surface soils with an adsorptive capacity will have a 137Cs content and therefore be able to act as self-tracers.
And another
www.researchgate.net... Thessaloniki_Gulf_Greece
The artificial radionuclide137Cs (with half life of30.05 ±0.08 years) is derived from atmospheric nucleartests, accidents in nuclear plants and authorized dischargeof radioactive wastes into the marine environment.137Csfallout shows: (a) an old peak, which is attributed to theincidence of nuclear weapons tests, carried out during the1950 s and 1960 s and resulting in a maximum fallout in1963 (UNSCEAR 1982; He and Walling 1996; Carter andMoghissi 1997) and (b) a new peak, which corresponds tothe Chernobyl accident, in 1986.
Met the authors of this one:
www.tandfonline.com...
Fallout 137Cs is an artificial radionuclide with a half life of ca. 30.2 years, most of which was produced as a result of above-ground thermonuclear weapons testing in the 1950s and 1960s. Radiocaesium was ejected into the stratosphere where it circulated globally. Deposition on the land surface was first recorded in the early 1950s and was primarily associated with precipitation. Fallout was greater in the northern hemisphere than in the southern hemisphere, because more atmospheric testing took place in the former, and was greatest in lower latitudes. Within latitudinal bands there is often a good relationship between the amount of 137Cs fallout and precipitation. The temporal pattern of fallout is well documented in many regions of the world (Fig. 1), such that after a peak in fallout in 1963, levels have declined and, apart from the Chernobyl accident in 1986, negligible amounts of fallout have been recorded since the mid-1980s. In most environments, fallout 137Cs reaching the land surface was rapidly and tightly sorbed to the fine fraction of surficial soils and sediments.
and again:
www.sciencedirect.com...
137Cesium is a radionuclide (half-life = 30.17 years) whose environmental presence is solely from nuclear fission, which occurred mainly as a result of atmospheric nuclear weapons testing (Krishnaswamy et al., 1971; Ritchie and McHenry, 1990). 137Cs atmospheric fallout first began in 1952 ± 2 years (Robbins, 1978), with measurable global fallout occurring in 1954 (Ritchie and McHenry, 1990). The first fallout peak was recorded in 1959 and the second, in most geographic areas, was in 1963 (Hardy, 1971; Ritchie et al., 1973). A third peak from the 1986 Chernobyl accident occurred in Europe, particularly Scandinavia and the Baltic region, but is largely absent from North America (Wang et al., 2017). The two peak global fallout years, 1959 and 1963, were first used in the early 1970s as single-event chronomarkers to determine recent sedimentation rates in reservoirs, lakes, and marine sediments (Krishnaswamy et al., 1971; Hardy, 1971; Robbins and Edgington, 1972; Simpson et al., 1976; Ritchie and McHenry, 1990).
and again:
archive.li.suu.edu...
Above-ground nuclear testing between 1945 and 1%3 introduced into the atmosphere the nonnatural radioactive 137Cs isotope (Grootes, 1983) and added to the natural production of the radioactive 14C isotope (Nydal, 1963). When incorporated into alluvial deposits, these post-bomb isotopes form a time-stratigraphic marker.
Radioactive 'markers' would show up after firebombing, no? That's all there is to it.
Nothing here proves 'nukes' exist, that's for sure. Studies are made up, or use firebombing as their testing areas, which show radioactivity in the area. Nothing more required here.
originally posted by: penroc3
a reply to: turbonium1
dude the people who survived the bombing said they say 2 us aircraft the first being the weather guys and then the other one they saw was the enola gay
1 aircraft can not destroy a city without nuclear weapons. or was the multi hundreds of aircraft missed over one of the most defended places at that time? the only reason they didnt shoot at the aircraft and the weather guys was becasue they were lone aircraft they were used to seeing by that time.
originally posted by: Phage
a reply to: penroc3
or do you not believe the people who were actually there?
How do you know they were there? How do you know they aren't lying?
After all, there are people who claim they they have orbited the Earth. Believe it or not, there are even people who say they have walked on the Moon.
Unless you were there, you know nothing.
(just saving Turbo the trouble of answering)
originally posted by: ignorant_ape
a reply to: turbonium1
this crap illustrates perfectly - why any rational dialougue with turbo troll is futile