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Not so long ago, finding traces of organic biomolecules in any fossil over about one million years old was thought to be an insurmountable challenge. Paleontologists never thought to look at dinosaur bones as a source of either DNA or protein sequences.
Proteins are made of peptides, and the goal of these studies is to find discernible peptide sequences in dinosaur bones that have not been contaminated. With an 80-million-year-old fossil, the question of contamination is important—are these real peptide sequences that reflect ancient biomolecules of once-living dinosaurs? Or something else, like bacteria, that moved in after they died? Schroeter and Schweitzer were looking for a specific peptide sequence called collagen I, which is the most abundant protein in bone. Previous research has found this protein in a 66-million-year-old Tyrannosaurus rex fossil and an 80-million-year-old Brachylophosaurus specimen. A sensitive chemical analysis technique called mass spectrometry is used to detect these faint organic signals of ancient life.
Findings of peptide sequences in dinosaurs need to be replicated to be reliable. In this study, they use new experimental methods that are variations on ones used in the previous studies—along with a new lab set up and a freshly cleaned mass spectrometer to reduce the chance of contamination. Eight peptide sequences were recovered from the reanalysis of the Brachylophosaurus femur, with two of the same sequences recovered in both the 2009 and 2017 study, showing that these results are reproducible. "We are confident that the results we obtained are not contamination and that this collagen is original to the specimen," Schroeter says.
originally posted by: seasonal
a reply to: FamCore
My first question is how can there be "left overs" like this? 80 million years....
originally posted by: seasonal
a reply to: FamCore
My first question is how can there be "left overs" like this? 80 million years....
The find was also controversial, because scientists had thought proteins that make up soft tissue should degrade in less than 1 million years in the best of conditions. In most cases, microbes feast on a dead animal's soft tissue, destroying it within weeks. The tissue must be something else, perhaps the product of a later bacterial invasion, critics argued.
Then, in 2007, Schweitzer and her colleagues analyzed the chemistry of the T. rex proteins. They found the proteins really did come from dinosaur soft tissue. The tissue was collagen, they reported in the journal Science, and it shared similarities with bird collagen — which makes sense, as modern birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs such as T. rex.
The researchers also analyzed other fossils for the presence of soft tissue, and found it was present in about half of their samples going back to the Jurassic Period, which lasted from 145.5 million to 199.6 million years ago, Schweitzer said.
"The problem is, for 300 years, we thought, 'Well, the organics are all gone, so why should we look for something that's not going to be there?' and nobody looks," she said.
The obvious question, though, was how soft, pliable tissue could survive for millions of years. In a new study published today (Nov. 26) in the journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Schweitzer thinks she has the answer: Iron.
originally posted by: Raggedyman
originally posted by: seasonal
a reply to: FamCore
My first question is how can there be "left overs" like this? 80 million years....
Its science, its a fact, you just have to believe, they are telling you
Still learning about posting youtube
originally posted by: seasonal
a reply to: FamCore
My first question is how can there be "left overs" like this? 80 million years....
originally posted by: GetHyped
originally posted by: Raggedyman
originally posted by: seasonal
a reply to: FamCore
My first question is how can there be "left overs" like this? 80 million years....
Its science, its a fact, you just have to believe, they are telling you
Still learning about posting youtube
Dude you believe the earth is 6,000 years old and that dinosaurs walked with men because bible so you're in no position to be talking about unquestionably accepting information.
originally posted by: Raggedyman
originally posted by: GetHyped
originally posted by: Raggedyman
originally posted by: seasonal
a reply to: FamCore
My first question is how can there be "left overs" like this? 80 million years....
Its science, its a fact, you just have to believe, they are telling you
Still learning about posting youtube
Dude you believe the earth is 6,000 years old and that dinosaurs walked with men because bible so you're in no position to be talking about unquestionably accepting information.
Yeah but I am not stupid enough to be calling it science, dood
Do not fall for insufficient excuses as to how organic soft tissue can now suddenly last for millions of years
originally posted by: flyingfish
originally posted by: Raggedyman
originally posted by: GetHyped
originally posted by: Raggedyman
originally posted by: seasonal
a reply to: FamCore
My first question is how can there be "left overs" like this? 80 million years....
Its science, its a fact, you just have to believe, they are telling you
Still learning about posting youtube
Dude you believe the earth is 6,000 years old and that dinosaurs walked with men because bible so you're in no position to be talking about unquestionably accepting information.
Yeah but I am not stupid enough to be calling it science, dood
That's a problem, you must first know what science is.
You my friend have proven time and time again, that your're scientifically illiterate.
And if you're not as scientifically illiterate as you pretend to be, then you deliberately misrepresent the facts to prop up your willful ignorance.
originally posted by: CB328
Do not fall for insufficient excuses as to how organic soft tissue can now suddenly last for millions of years
Oh please, stop thinking everything in science is a conspiracy, it's ridiculous.
If you want to find lots of conspiracies look at the conservative realms of religion, war, business and political corruption.
originally posted by: Raggedyman
originally posted by: CB328
Do not fall for insufficient excuses as to how organic soft tissue can now suddenly last for millions of years
Oh please, stop thinking everything in science is a conspiracy, it's ridiculous.
If you want to find lots of conspiracies look at the conservative realms of religion, war, business and political corruption.
Isn't your strawman argument just stupid, "everything in science is a lie" that's not the issue
Stupid is stupid, the issue is organic soft tissue lasting millions of years when grand Nan's body doesn't have any left after a few decades
Please let's play with common sense in this thread, not airy fairy stuff
Your argument is disingenuous and spathetiv
Soft tissue lasting millions and millions of years, it's stupid
originally posted by: seasonal
This is pretty far out there, they did the same test in 2009 and found the same peptide called collagen and they just found it again in 2017. So the test is repeatable, and passes another test to go from a theory to a law.
originally posted by: seasonal
This is pretty far out there, they did the same test in 2009 and found the same peptide called collagen and they just found it again in 2017. So the test is repeatable, and passes another test to go from a theory to a law.
originally posted by: cooperton
originally posted by: seasonal
a reply to: FamCore
My first question is how can there be "left overs" like this? 80 million years....
That is the question you should be asking. Do not fall for insufficient excuses as to how organic soft tissue can now suddenly last for millions of years. Under normal conditions soft tissue cannot be preserved for millions of years. Research "carbon dating dinosaurs"... we are on the verge of a revolutionary rewriting of our history.
Thank you for posting this, you're venturing down a lovely part of the rabbit hole
yes, it's fossilized. It's not still soft tissue and has undergone permineralization
originally posted by: peter vlar
Considering that nearly 50% of samples going back nearly 200MA have been found to contain fossilized soft tissue